• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to examine customer experience toward repurchase intention in offline and online stores and discuss customer satisfaction as a mediator variable. Research design, data, and methodology: This study investigates customer experience that consists of product, customer service, staff service, shopping environment and shopping procedure toward customer satisfaction using Regression Linear. This study also measures customer satisfaction as a mediated variable in the relationship between customer experience and repurchase intention using Sobel Test. Results: Almost all of the customer experience hypothesis is significant toward customer satisfaction, shopping process experience in the context of the online channel to customer satisfaction is not significant. We also found that customer satisfaction can be mediated variable in customer experience toward repurchase intention. Conclusions: Retails who want to make customers feel satisfied to have to make sure that have good resources in improving the product, the customer service is easy to contact to find the solution over customer problem in purchasing product, also develop the staff member skill in functional product knowledge, presentations, and communicating with customers online or offline, the retailer has to create enjoyment and pleasurable customer emotion through the shopping environment and also give seamless shopping experience to their customer in two-channel.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 무의 저장성을 높이고 무를 이용한 가공식품 개발의 일환으로 반응표면분석법(RSM: Response Surface Methodology)을 이용하여 무 잼 제조 시 최적의 재료 혼합 비율을 찾고자 하였다. 잼의 품질에 가장 영향을 미치는 설탕, 펙틴과 구연산 첨가율을 독립변수로 설정하였고, 범위는 예비실험을 거쳐 각각 $45{\sim}70%$, $0.5{\sim}2.0%$, $0.2{\sim}0.5%$로 하였다. 실험 결과를 모델링하여 유의성을 검증한 결과 당도, 명도, 적색도, 황색도, 견고성은 linear 모델이, 관능검사 모든 항목에서는 quadratic 모델이 설정되었다. 모델의 적합성을 분석한 결과 적색도와 관능검사 항목 중 냄새를 제외한 모든 항목에서 probability가 모두 5% 이내에서 유의성을 보이고, 적합결여검증의 결과에서도 적색도와 관능검사 중 냄새를 제외한 모든 항목에서 5% 이내의 유의성을 보여 모델의 적합함이 인정되었다. 반응표면과 trace plot의 결과 설탕과 펙틴 첨가율이 많아질수록 색은 어둡고 노랗게 되었고 견고성은 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과에서도 설탕 첨가율에 의하여 많은 영향을 받았으며, 적정 수준 이상의 설탕, 펙틴과 구연산을 첨가할 경우에는 좋아하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 무 잼의 최적 재료 혼합비율을 설정한 결과 설탕 53.7%, 펙틴 1.0%, 구연산 0.3%로 설정되었고, 이 조건으로 직접 무 잼을 만들어 물리적 특성을 측정해 본 결과와 예측한 결과와 유사한 값을 보였다. 본 실험의 최적 조건으로 만든 무 잼의 경우 시판하고 있는 잼의 당도와 견고성의 중 간 값 정도의 범위에 포함되어 잼으로서의 상태가 양호한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 무를 이용한 잼 가공이 가능한 것을 알 수 있었고 무 잼의 최적의 상태를 만들기 위한 조건도 설정되어 이를 이용한 무 잼의 산업화도 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.399-404
• /
• 2013

장기내열성과 파단신율이 우수한 블렌드 수지를 개발하고자 polyphenylene sulfide(PPS)에 7종류의 elastomer를 용융혼합하여 그 가능성을 조사해 보았다. PPS/elastomer(90/10, 80/20, 70/30) 블렌드를 제조한 후 시험편을 압축성형 또는 sheet를 제조하여 capillary rheometer, UTM, impact tester, SEM 등으로 유변학적 거동, 기계적 특성 및 모폴로지를 측정하였고 오븐에서 일주일간 열을 가한 후 다시 기계적 특성을 측정하였다. 열을 가하기 전의 인장강도는 elastomer 종류에 관계없이 비슷하였고 파단신율은 m-EVA의 경우가 가장 큰 값을 보였다. Elastomer 첨가량을 증가시킴에 따라 신율이 증가하였는데 30 wt%정도 첨가 시 박리가 발생하였다. 오븐테스트 이후에는 인장 강도는 더 증가한 반면에 신율은 급격히 감소하였다. 상기의 elastomer들이 PPS와 부분적인 상용성이 있는 것으로 보이는 바 소량의 elastomer 첨가 만으로도 PPS 가공과 관련된 여러 문제 등을 해결할 수 있어 다양한 그레이드의 개발에 적극 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.527-530
• /
• 2019

The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO₂max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO₂max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/㎡ increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2020

This study derives the characteristics of the private external space planning in multi-family housing through the analysis of the good case built after 2000 in Europe. First, the cases were categorized into block or block perimeter, linear and point type to examine the relationship between the type of building in urban context and the location of private external space. By block or block perimeter and linear type, private external spaces are planned in the inner courtyards or open space between buildings used as common space for residents, inducing communications between neighbors. And the direction of private external space depends on the arrangement of the building mass in urban context. In the classification as point type, there are many cases, where private external spaces are arranged in all directions, connected almost all interior spaces. Second, based on the above results, the planned characteristics of the private external space are derived by dividing it into three categories: intermediated space between inside and outside, intermediate space between private and public /individual and collective space and the identity of the intermediate space. (1) In most cases, direction, size of enclosed area and location of private extern space is designed to fit the surrounding context, so residents can perceive as much of the assets of the surrounding environment as possible, and it can be used as an extended area of living space. In another cases, it is divided into various sub-areas to experience the spatial transition from inside to outside or vice versa. 2) The private external space, which is placed in a courtyard or in a collective open space, is partially enclosed and blocked, allowing interaction with the neighbors without pressure. Along the street, they are designed to allow residents to experience the vitality of the city and to be formative element of the facade, which could confidently reveal the lifestyle and taste of residents. 3) By some of point types, which facade is three-demensional layer as a habitable external space, the private external space is very flexible for use. This intermediate space is composed of diverse spaces for various needs, or it has generous size with positional conditions connected with all interior spaces to be used multi-functional.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 1986

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of ginseng administration on T lymphocyte induced local xenogenic graft-versus-host(GVM) reactions which were induced with thymocyte, spleen cell and lymph node cell of ICR mice. Mice received daily 10mg of 70% alcohol ginseng extract oral1y for 100days and control mice remained untreated for the same period of time. The cells from donor mice were injected intradermally into the closely shaven abdominal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats for GVH tests. The thymocyte from control(ginseng-untreated) mice showed a negative local GVH reaction, whereas thymocyte from experimental(ginseng-treated) mice showed a positive reaction with the rate of 17.4%. When spleen cells were injected, the incidence of positive local GVH reaction was 66.7% among ginseng-treated mice, as opposed to incidence of 45.5% of positive local GVH reaction among control mice. The incidence of positive local GVH reaction of the lymph node cells when injected into a recipient was 71.4% among ginseng-treated mice as compared with that of 18.9% among control mice. The relationship between spleen cell inoculum and intensity of the local GVH reaction was assessed in ginseng-untreated mice. The intensity of GVH reaction clearly appears to be dose related. In ginseng-treated mice, a minimum of $1{\times}10^7$ spleen cell was required for production of positive local GVH reaction with almost linear relationship up to an inoculum of $5{\times}10^8$ cells. In control mice, however, a minimum of $1{\times}10^8$ spleen cells was required for positive GVH reaction. These results strongly suggest that the ginseng administration augments significantly the local xenogenic GVH reaction which was used to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence of mice and in addition to this, these results appear to support previous suggestions that the local GVH reaction consitutes a qualitative test of the functional activity of T lymphocytes. These results may be the first to induce local GVH reaction, employing rats as recipient and mice as donor. This study was also desingned to investigate some of the effects of ginseng extract on lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. This was accomplished by in vitro quantification of 1) migratory inhibitory factor(MIF) synthetic capacity of splenic lymphocytes in mice previously primed with ginseng 2) MIF responsiveness of mouse peritoneal macrophages or chicken peripheral leucocytes under the presence of ginseng extract 3) migration ability of chicken peripheral leucocytes by direct stimulation of ginseng extract or ginseng saponin and 4) immunosuppressive effects of immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A or dexamethasone. Mice divided equally into the ginseng and the saline groups, which received intraperitoneally daily 0.2ml of ginseng absolute alcohol-extract(5mg/ml) and same amount of saline for 15 days, respectively. The cellular immune responsiveness of these mice was assayed 15 days after ginseng pretreatment. Splenic lymphocytes of mice treated with ginseng, when stimulated with sensitized specific-antigen such as sheep red blood cells or toxoplasmin, or with polyclonal activator concanavalin A, produced significantly more MIF than those of control saline group. MIF responsiveness of normal mouse macrophages was significantly augmented when assayed under the presence of ginseng extract (1mg/ml). The migratory ability of normal chicken leucocytes in the absence of MIF was significantly decreased by the stimulation of ginseng extract alone. MIF response was significantly decreased by immunosuppressants and this impaired response was not restored by ginseng pretreatment. This study was additionally performed to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in mice. ICR mice were infected experimentally by esophageal incubation of 300 T. spiralis infective muscle larvae prepared by acid-pepsin digestion of infected mice. and received oral administration of 70% alcohol ginseng extract(10mg/mouse/day) for the indicated days plus 4 days before infection. At various times after infection, the number of adult T. spiralis worms in small intestines was determined. Interestingly, ginseng-treatment was accompanied by accelerated expulson of T. spiralis. These results led to the conclusion that Panax ginseng caused some enhancing effect on GVH reaction, macrophage migration inhibition reaction and expulsion of T. spiralis. In addition these results suggested that the mechanisms responsible for this enhancement of ginseng may be chiefly or partially due to nonspecific stimulation of cell-mediated immune response.