• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

An overall responding security-centered framework is necessary required for infringement accidents, failures, and cyber threats. On the other hand, the correspondence structures of existing administrative, technical, physical security have weakness in a system responding to complex attacks because each step is performed independently. This study will recognize all internal and external users as a potentially threatening element. To perform connectivity analysis regarding an action, an intelligent convergence security framework and road map is suggested. A suggested convergence security framework was constructed to be independent of an automatic framework, such as the conventional single solution for the priority defense system of APT of the latest attack type, which makes continuous reputational attacks to achieve its goals. This study suggested the next generation convergence security framework to have preemptive responses, possibly against an APT attack, consisting of the following five hierarchical layers: domain security, domain connection, action visibility, action control, and convergence correspondence. In the domain, the connection layer suggests a security instruction and direction in the domains of administrative, physical and technical security. The domain security layer has consistency of status information among the security domain. A visibility layer of an intelligent attack action consists of data gathering, comparison and decision cycle. The action control layer is a layer that controls the visibility action. Finally, the convergence corresponding layer suggests a corresponding system of before and after an APT attack. The administrative security domain had a security design based on organization, rule, process, and paper information. The physical security domain is designed to separate into a control layer and facility according to the threats of the control impossible and control possible. Each domain action executes visible and control steps, and is designed to have flexibility regarding security environmental changes. In this study, the framework to address an APT attack and load map will be used as an infrastructure corresponding to the next generation security.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2005

수압파쇄시 다중으로 분할된 균열의 생성은 자주 발생되는 현상이며 이러한 균열군은 단균열과는 달리 상당히 다른 거동을 나타낸다. 그러나 대부분의 수치기법으로는 이러한 균열군 거동의 모사는 계산량의 증가로 결코 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수압파쇄시 생성되는 다수의 균열 변위를 경계병치법을 사용하여 효과적으로 계산하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 우선 평행하면서 아주 가깝게 위치한 다중 분할 균열의 점근적 해를 구하고 경계병치법의 균열에 사용된 병치점의 수를 변화시켜 점근적 해와 비교하였다. 그 결과 기존의 기준에 비해 병치점의 수를 10배정도 줄이더라도 얻어지는 결과에는 별 차이가 없음을 밝혀냈다. 따라서 이보다 더욱 복잡한 균열이 존재하는 실제의 경우 병치점의 수를 줄여 적용하여도 경계병치법에 의한 계산은 유효하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2014

Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera gaertn) is intimate plant to many people that it has clean and noble characteristics despite growth in the mud. Especially Lotus seedpods, byproduct of lotus, are rich in oligometric procyanidins and could be a new source of procyanidins. Procyanidins, also known as condensed tannins, are a class of polyphenols. In other words lotus seedpod contains plenty of tannins. Commonly tannins colorants could increase adsorption and fastness properties in fabric dyeing. This study was made to investigate colorants characteristics of lotus seedpod and various colorfastness properties of dyed silk fabrics. The wavelength of maximum absorption of lotus seedpod solution appeared at 273.5 nm from UV-vis spectrophotometer. From the results of FT-IR spectra measurements, IR absorption band of lotus seedpod colorants appeared at $3415cm^{-1}$, $2900cm^{-1}$ and $1620cm^{-1}$ by tannin structure. And tannin ingredient contents was the highest at pH 9 and flavonoid at pH 11. Lotus seedpod colorants showed relatively good affinity at pH 3 on silk fabrics and optimum dyeing temperature and time for silk was for 50 min, at $80^{\circ}C$. K/s of Light fastness according to different washing method was the highest at process including ironing and ${\Delta}E$ was the lowest. All of fastness(Light rubbing laundering perspiration dry cleaning) showed excellent results over 4 or 4-5 grades.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권4호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2002

최근 들어 버퍼오버플로우 취약성을 이용한 해킹 사례들이 늘어나고 있다. 버퍼오버플로우 공격을 탐지하는 방법은 크게 입력 데이터의 크기 검사 비정상적인 분기 금지, 비정상 행위 금지의 세가지 방식 중 하나를 취한다. 본 논문에서는 비정상적인 분기를 금지하는 방법을 살펴본 것이다. 기존의 방법은 부가적인 메모리를 필요로 하고, 컨트롤 플로우가 비정상적인 흐름을 찾기 위해 코드를 추가하고 실행함으로써 프로그램 실행시간의 저하를 단점으로 이야기할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 부가적인 메모리 사용을 최소한으로 줄임으로 메모리 낭비를 저하시키고 실행시간에 컨트롤 플로우가 비정상적으로 흐르는 것을 막기 위한 작업들을 최소화함으로서 기존의 방법보다 더 효율적인 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.558-571
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 프로토콜 검증을 위한 상태 탐색시에 발생하는 상태의 무한정한 증가를 방지하고 상태 탐색의 효율성을 높이기위하여 화장된 선형 탐색이라고 불리우는 상태탐색 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 확장된 선형 탐색방법은 모든 전달가능한 상태를 탐색할 필요가 없으며 한 프로세스에서 다른 프로세스의 통신노선이 하나이상이 존재하고 상호통신중인 프로세스의 상태변이가 같은 속도로 진행되며 메세지의 통신형태가 하나의 사이클을 구성할수 있다면 2개 이상의 프로세스 사이에서리 통신 프로토콜을 검증할수가 있다. 본 논문에서 제시된 방식에의하여 종전에 제시되었던 선형탐색 방식에 의한 프로세스간통신 형태에 대한 제약을 제거할수있다. 또한 본 논문에서 제시된 알고리즘은 되도록 에러및 규정되지않은 리셉숀 에러들을 검출 할 수가 있으며 종전의 perturbation방식보다 훨씬 적은 기억용량에서도 수행가능하고 또한 그 수행속도도 매우 빠르다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시된 방식은 N개의 프로세스 사이의 충돌 및 상호 교란에대한 하나의 해답을 제시하고있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2001

Korean traditional paper (Hanji) making technology has adopted two kinds of sheet forming processes, which called "Oebal-choji": and "Ssangbal-choji". The sheet forming process of Oebal-choji is an original method developed in Korea. At first, paper stock is dipped onto the mold and flow away in the forward direction. Then, paper stock is scooped again and rhythmically rocked from side to side, this work is repeated several times. Through this operation the fibers intertwine and paper layers are formed. Ssangbal-choji is almost same as the Nagashizuki, which used in Japan. In this method, paper stock is scooped onto the mold and rhythmically rocked backwards and forwards several times, the water drains slowly through the bamboo screen and then sheet is formed. Tamezuki method is used in Japan and China. This is a method in which the mold is dipped into the paper stock once and left to drain. In the Ssangbal-choji and Nagashizuki methods, the most of excess solution is cast out while in the Tamezuki all of it is allowed to drain through the mold. This study was carried out to investigate the physical properties of the Hanjis that were made by Oebal-choji, Ssangbal-choji, Nagashizuki, and Tamezuki sheet forming processes. The results were follows; Physical properties of the Oebal-choji Hanji were better than those of Ssangbal-choji, Nagashizuki, and Tamezuki. Oebal-choji Hanji made little difference of paper strength between MD and CD, but Ssangbal-chjo and Nagashizuki Hanjis made wide difference. And there are no difference of paper strength between MD and CD on the Tamezuki Hanji. On the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation of the Hanjis, Oebal-choji made well crossed fiber orientation than those of other forming processes.r forming processes.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-219
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• 2006

서술형 평가가 실시됨에 따라 학생들의 수학적 성향이 어떻게 변화되었는지 살펴보았다. 학생들이 서술형 평가를 처음 접하였을 때 어렵게 생각하고 부담을 느끼고 있었으며, 풀이과정을 쓴다는 것이 불필요하다고 여기는 학생들도 있었다. 하지만 연구를 진행하는 동안 학생들은 곧 서술형 평가에 익숙해졌다. 서술형 평가를 통해 학생들은 수학을 자신의 글로 표현하는 경험을 하게 되었고. 수학적 개념이나 원리에 관심을 가지고 되었다. 또 풀이과정을 논리적으로 전개하려는 경향이 나타났다. 또 서술형 평가를 통해 학생들은 문제에 대한 자신의 생각을 논리적으로 서술하는 경험을 하게 되었고, 자신이 푼 문제에 대하여 반성하는 과정을 거칠 수 있었다. 또한 학생들은 새로운 형태의 서술형 문항을 접하면서 서술형 평가에 대한 호기심도 나타내었다. 그러나 어려운 문제를 풀어야 하는 경우에는 부담스러워 했으며, 자신만의 방법으로 문제를 풀기보다 교과서에 제시되었거나 교사가 알려 준 방법대로 풀려는 경향이 강하여 수학적 융통성은 다소 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2012

Solution of glycerol, ethylene glycol, sucrose, dextrose (GESD) and cryotop methods were carried out to investigate the survivability on vitrification of embryos. Embryos cultured in vitro were vitrified by GESD of 10 or 8 step and cryotop methods of 6 step, from cryopreservation step to frozen-thawed and culture step. Survival rate and ICM, TE cells of embryos were investigated after frozen-thawed 24 h. As a results, cryotop method was significantly (p<0.05) higher ($85.76{\pm}5.3$ vs. $66.71{\pm}2.4$, $44.80{\pm}2.1%$) than GESD 10 or 8 step methods on survivability. Also, In ICM cell number, cryotop method was significantly (p<0.05) higher to $45.67{\pm}4.7$ cells than GESD 8 step method. TE cell number was significantly (p<0.05) highest to $111.00{\pm}11.0$ cells in cryotop method. On the other hand, survival rate, TE and total cell number were all the significantly (p<0.05) high, except ICM in GESD 10 step method between GESD 10 step method and GESD 8 step method. In conclusion cryotop method was to be most effective, but it is considered necessary to study vitrification method for step-by-step freezing and thawing process.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

This study examined the effect of the CaMgSn ternary phase on the aging response of the Mg-Sn-Zn alloy. The results revealed that the CaMgSn ternary phase formed in rod-like or needle-like shapes in Mg-3Zn-0.3Ca-xSn (x=1.5, 3, and 5 wt%) alloys and its size decreased as the Sn content increased from 1.5 wt% to 5 wt%. The Mg-3Zn-0.3Ca-5Sn alloy with a relatively fine CaMgSn phase was subjected to solution heat treatment and an aging process. Both the Mg-5Sn-3Zn-0.3Ca and Mg-5Sn-3Zn (base alloy) alloys had similar peak hardness values throughout all aging temperatures but the time-to-peak hardness in the Mg-5Sn-3Zn-0.3Ca alloy was 24-36 hours-earlier than that in the base alloy. Precipitates in the Mg-5Sn-3Zn-0.3Ca alloy were more refined than those in the Mg-5Sn-3Zn alloy and were mostly formed on basal planes. The $Mg_2Sn$ phase formed in either plate-like or rod-like shapes in the Mg-5Sn-3Zn alloy, whereas block-shaped $Mg_2Sn$ particles also formed in the Mg-5Sn-3Zn-0.3Ca alloy.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

Superhydrophobic $SiO_2$ layers with a micro-nano hierarchical surface structure were prepared. $SiO_2$ layers deposited via an electrospray method combined with a sol-gel chemical route were rough on the microscale. Au particles were decorated on the surface of the microscale-rough $SiO_2$ layers by use of the photo-reduction process with different intensities ($0.11-1.9mW/cm^2$) and illumination times (60-240 sec) of ultraviolet light. With the aid of nanoscale Au nanoparticles, this consequently resulted in a micro-nano hierarchical surface structure. Subsequent fluorination treatment with a solution containing trichloro(1H,2H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane fluorinated the hierarchical $SiO_2$ layers. The change in surface roughness factor was in good agreement with that observed for the water contact angle, where the surface roughness factor developed as a measure needed to evaluate the degree of surface roughness. The resulting $SiO_2$ layers revealed excellent repellency toward various liquid droplets with different surface tensions ranging from 46 to 72.3 mN/m. Especially, the micro-nano hierarchical surface created at an illumination intensity of $0.11mW/cm^2$ and illumination time of 60 sec showed the largest water contact angle of $170^{\circ}$. Based on the Cassie-Baxter and Young-Dupre equations, the surface fraction and work of adhesion for the micronano hierarchical $SiO_2$ layers were evaluated. The work of adhesion was estimated to be less than $3{\times}10^{-3}N/m$ for all the liquid droplets. This exceptionally small work of adhesion is likely to be responsible for the strong repellency of the liquids to the micro-nano hierarchical $SiO_2$ layers.