• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2023

Lead-free perovskite ceramics, which have excellent energy storage capabilities, are attracting attention owing to their high power density and rapid charge-discharge speed. Given that the energy-storage properties of perovskite ceramic capacitors are significantly improved by doping with various elements, modifying their chemical compositions is a fundamental strategy. This study investigated the effect of Zn doping on the microstructure and energy storage performance of potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics. Two types of powders and their corresponding ceramics with compositions of (1-x)(K,Na)NbO₃-xBi(Ni_2/3Ta_1/3)O₃ (KNN-BNT) and (1-x)(K,Na)NbO₃-xBi(Ni_1/3Zn_1/3Ta_1/3)O₃ (KNN-BNZT) were prepared via solid-state reactions. The results indicate that Zn doping retards grain growth, resulting in smaller grain sizes in Zn-doped KNN-BNZT than in KNN-BNT ceramics. Moreover, the Zn-doped KNN-BNZT ceramics exhibited superior energy storage density and efficiency across all x values. Notably, 0.9KNN-0.1BNZT ceramics demonstrate an energy storage density and efficiency of 0.24 J/cm³ and 96%, respectively. These ceramics also exhibited excellent temperature and frequency stability. This study provides valuable insights into the design of KNN-based ceramic capacitors with enhanced energy storage capabilities through doping strategies.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2019

Purpose: To quantify the effect of the crystallization process on lithium disilicate ceramic crowns that are fabricated using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM) system, and to determine whether they are clinically acceptable by comparing values before and after the crystallization process. Methods: The maxillary first molar was selected as the abutment for the experiments. Ten working models were prepared. Marginal and internal gap of 4 groups of lithium disilicate crowns(n=10) fabricated with conventional method. Comparison was performed using the silicone replica technique and 3D superimposition analysis. The marginal and internal gaps of the restoration were measured before and after the crystallization process of this prosthesis. The average value of each part(the average of values measured before and after the crystallization) was statistically analyzed using paired t-test(α=0.05). Results: The results from the second phase of this research, which compared the average value of the gap between the marginal and internal fits of the lithium disilicate single crown before and after the crystallization process, indicated that the marginal gap was larger and the internal gap was smaller after the crystallization process, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) in all the parts evaluated. Conclusion: While the shrinkage that occurs during crystallization does affect the marginal and internal fit of the prosthesis, it cannot be concluded to be a major effect because the resultant distortion was within the clinically acceptable range.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study evaluated marginal fit of glass infiltrated alumina cores fabricated using two techniques and their marginal stability after firing cycles of veneering porcelain. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifteen standardized all-ceramic crowns were fabricated on a metal die using each technique: slip cast technique of VITA In-Ceram sprint Alumina (Group A as control) and plastic foil matrix technique of Turkom-Cera fused alumina core system (Group B). Copings were compared between groups and within groups at coping stage and after firing each layer of veneering porcelain. A device was used to standardize seating of copings on the metal die and positioning of the specimens under the microscope after each stage of fabrication. The specimens were not cemented and marginal gap was measured using an image analyzing software (Imagepro Express) on the photographs captured under an optical microscope. Two tailed unpaired 't test' was used to compare marginal gaps in two groups and one way ANOVA was used to analyze marginal distortion within each group at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS. The marginal gap was smaller at the coping stage in group B ($60+30{\mu}M$) than group A ($81+21{\mu}M$) with statistical significance. After firing of veneering porcelain the difference was insignificant. At the final stage, both groups exhibited lower mean marginal gaps than at the initial coping stage with the difference of $11.75{\mu}M$ for group A and $11.94{\mu}M$ for group B, but it was statistically insignificant due to high value of standard deviation. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that both techniques produced copings with comparable and acceptable marginal fit and marginal stability on firing veneering porcelain.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.644-650
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• 2008

It has been proposed that the Cao-$SiO_2$ binary system can be good basic composition of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. In the present study, various kinds of Cao-$SiO_2$ gels were prepared by sol-gel method in order to control the microstructure which are related to their dissolution rate, induction period of apatite formation in body environment. Characterization of the gels were done by wet chemical analysis, SEM observation, FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD. The gelation time decreased with CaO content. However, the volume of all the dried gel decreased to 50% of the wet gels irrespective of increasement of CaO content. All the Cao-$SiO_2$ gels were amorphous and contained a large amount of silanol groups on their surfaces after heat treatment up to $800^{\circ}C$. The interconnected structure of the gel changed to agglomerated spherical powders when Ca content exceed to 20 mol%. Most of the Cao-$SiO_2$ gel showed amorphous when heat-treated up to $900^{\circ}C$. However, quartz and cristobalite was produced when heat-treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ and resultant microstructure of the gel contained microporous structure.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Resin cements are widely used in adhesive dentistry specially on all ceramic restorations. It is needed to find out adequate bonding strength between different porcelain surface treatments, commercially available porcelains, and different resin cement systems. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cements bonded to porcelains in three different modalities; 5 different porcelain surface treatments, 3 different resin cement systems and 3 different commercially available pressable porcelains. Material and Method. This study consisted of 3 parts. Part I examined the effect of five different surface treatments on the pressable porcelain. Fifty discs (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) of Authentic porcelain were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). The specimens were sanded with 320 grit SiC paper followed by 600 grit SiC paper. The specimens were treated as follow: Group 1-Sandblasting (aluminum oxide) only, Group 2 - sandblasting/ silane, Group 3 - sandblasting/ acid etching/ silane, Group 4 - acid etching only, Group 5 - acid etching/ silane. Part II examined the shear bond strength of 3 different resin cement systems (Duolink, Variolink II, Rely X ARC) on acid etching/ silane treated Authentic pressable porcelain. Part 3 examined the shear bond strength of Duolink resin cement on 3 different pressable porcelains (Authentic, Empress I, Finesse). All cemented specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 hours and tested with Ultradent shear bond strength test jig under Universal Instron machine until fracture. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) test was used to evaluate differences in shear bond strength. Result. The shear bond strength test resulted in the following: (1) Acid etched porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to the sandblasted porcelains. (2) Silane treated porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to non-silane treated porcelains. (3) There was no significant difference between sandblasting/ acid etching/ silane treated and acid etching/ silane treated porcelains. However those values were much higher than other three groups. (4) The shear bond strength with Variolink II was lower than the value of Duolink or Rely X ARC. (5) The shear bond strength of Finesse was lower than the value of Authentic or Empress I.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.610-615
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• 2002

Perovskite 구조를 나타내는 L $a_{0.6}$B $a_{0.4}$I $n_{1-y}$ $M_{y}$ $O_{3{\delta}}$(M=G $a^{3+}$ , S $c^{3+}$ , Y $b^{3+}$ )계 조성의 생성상과 proton 전도성을 관찰하였다. G $a^{3+}$ 이온이 25at% 첨가된 조성은 입방정 단일상을 나타낸 반면 50at% 첨가된 조성에서는 입방정상과 이차상이 함께 생성되었다. S $c^{3+}$ 이온 및 Y $b^{3+}$ 이온이 25at%와 50at%씩 첨가된 조성은 모두 입방정 단일상을 나타내었다. 양이온을 25at% 첨가한 조성에 대해 wet $N_2$ 분위기(P $h_{H_2O}$=6.1hPa)에서 전도도를 측정한 결과, S $c^{3+}$ 이온 및 Y $b^{3+}$ 이온이 첨가된 조성은 proton 전도를 나타내었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 전부 도재관 시스템에서 코어-비니어 결합계면에서의 결합 강도를 평가하는데 있다. 본 연구에서 사용되어진 전부 도재관 시스템은 IPS Empress2 with IPS Eris, IPS e.max Press with IPS e.max Ceram과 IPS e.max ZirCAD with IPS e.max Ceram이다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 코어(N=36, N=12/system, 직경: 10mm, 두께: 3mm)를 제작하였고 초음파 세척을 시행하였다. 특별히 제작된 스테인리스 스틸 몰드를 이용하여 코어 상부에 비니어(직경: 3mm, 두께: 2mm)를 축성한 후 소성하였다. 소성 후, 초음파 세척을 시행하고 아크릴릭 레진에 매몰하였다. 제작된 시편은 $37^{\circ}C$의 증류수에 1주일간 보관하였다. 만능시험기(Z020, Zwick, Germany)로 시편의 전단결합강도를 측정하였고, 하중이 코어-비니어 계면에 가능한 가깝게 가해지도록 시편을 위치시키고, 파절이 일어날 때까지 1.00mm/min의 crosshead speed로 하중을 가하였다. 측정된 각 군의 평균전단결합강도($MPa{\pm}SD$)에 대한 통계적 유의성을 검증하기 위해 일원 분산분석을 시행하였으며, 사후검정은 Tukey test를 이용하였다(p=0.05). 또한 파절된 시편을 주사전자현미경(JSM-6360,JEOL, Japan)으로 파절양상을 관찰하였다. 파절양상은 코어 내에서의 응집성 파절, 비니어 내에서의 응집성 파절, 혼합형 파절 혹은 접착성 파절로 분류하였다. 코어와 비니어 계면에서의 평균전단결합강도($MPa{\pm}SD$)는 IPS-e.max Press가 $32.85{\pm}6.75MPa$, IPS Empress 2가 $29.30{\pm}6.51MPa$, IPS e.max ZirCAD가 $28.10{\pm}4.28MPa$로 나타났다. 통계적 분석 결과 각 시스템 간에서 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 어떠한 시스템에서도 접착성 파절은 관찰되지 않았다. IPS Empress 2와 IPS e.max Press에서는 코어와 비니어 내에서의 응집성 파절이 관찰되었으며, IPS e.max ZirCAD에서는 혼합형 파절과 비니어 내에서의 응집성 파절이 관찰되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2008

연구목적: 인간은 누구나 아름다움을 추구하는 욕망을 가지고 있으며 치의학 분야에서도 심미란 중요한 치료목적 중의 하나이다. 최근에는 부하를 많이 받는 구치부에까지 심미적 요구가 증가됨에 따라 지르코니아를 이용한 코아의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 기본적으로 zirconium oxide의 색상은 흰색-상아색이며, 만약 하부구조물이 이미 인접치의 색조와 조화되어 있다면 색조 부여에 훨씬 유리할 것이며, 원하는 색상을 내기 위하여 필요한 도재층의 두께를 감소시킬 수 있어 더 많은 치질을 보존할 수 있을 것이다. 연구재료 및 방법: 이 연구에서는 현재 임상에서 사용되고 있는 3가지 지르코니아 시스템의 코아 색조 부여 유무와 도재층의 두께가 전부도재관의 색조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 각 시스템의 코아에 색조 부여를 한 실험군과 부여하지 않은 실험군으로 구분하여 코아에 축성한 도재층의 두께에 따른 각각의 색조를 분광측색장치를 이용하여 CIE $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ 색체계를 사용하여 색차를 비교, 분석하였다. 결과: 도재층 0.5 mm 축성시 Lava Frame Zirconia 군과 KaVo Everest Zirconia 군은 코아의 색조 부여 유무에 따라 육안으로 인지 가능한 색조 차이를 보이지 않았으나, Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia 군의 경우 육안으로 인지 가능한 색조차이를 보여 하부 코아의 색조가 충분히 피개되지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 도재층의 두께를 0.4 mm로 감소시켰을 때 코아 자체에 색조를 부여한 Lava Frame Zirconia 군과 KaVo Everest Zirconia 군의 경우 육안으로 인지 가능한 색조의 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 불투명 도재를 도포한 Digident CAD/CAM Zirconia 군의 경우 육안으로 인지 가능한 색조의 차이를 보였다. 결론: 코아 자체에 색조를 부여할 경우 지르코니아 코아 자체의 색을 피개하기 위해 도포하는 불투명 도재층 축성에 필요한 두께를 감소시킬 수 있어 색조 재현에 더욱 유리하며, 치아의 삭제량을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2002

Statement of Problem. Endodontically treated teeth frequently required posts and cores to provide retention and resistance form for crowns. In spite of excellent mechanical properties of metal post and core, its metallic color can be detected through all ceramic restorations occasionally. To solve esthetic problems of metal post and core zirconia post system has been introduced recently. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the fracture strength and mode of resin root analogs restored with zirconia, gold and titanium posts with resin, ceramic and metal cores after cementation with metal crowns. Materials and methods. To avoid the morphological variations of natural teeth, 40 root analogs were fabricated with composite resin. Forty resin root analogs were randomly assigned to four groups according to post and core materials: Group A: cast gold post and core and complete cast crowns, as control. Group B: titanium posts (Parapost, Coltent/Whaledent Inc., NJ, USA) and composite resin cores. Group C: zirconia posts (Cosmopost, Ivoclar AG, Schaan/Liechtenstein) and composite resin cores Group D: zirconia posts and heat-pressed ceramic cores (IPS Empress Cosmo Ingots, Ivoclar AG) After thermocycling ($5^{\circ}C{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, 30 sec.), cyclic loading was applied at 3mm below the incisal edge on the palatal surfaces at an angle of 135 degree to the long axis (2Hz, 50N, 50000cycles). Fracture strength was measured by universal testing machine (Instron, High Wycombe, UK) and fracture pattern of restored resin root analogs was also evaluated. Results and conclusion. Within the limitations of this study following results were drawn. 1. Resin root analogs restored with zirconia posts and composite resins demonstrated lowest fracture strength among tested groups. 2. There was no significant difference in the fracture strength between zirconia posts and heat pressed glass ceramic cores and cast gold posts and cores 3. The fracture strength of resin root analogs restored with titanium posts and composite resin cores was lower than that of gold posts and cores. 4. The deep oblique fracture lines were dominantly observed in root analogs restored with cast gold post and core and zirconia post and heat-pressed ceramic core groups.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1986

Yttria-antimonia-stabilized zirconia was investigated with respect to the amount of $Sb_2O_3$ addition in the range of 0.5~5mole% to the base composition of $(ZrO)_{0.92}(Y_2O_3)_{0.08}$ The sinterbility modulus of rupture Vickers hardness evaporation of components phase form-tion and mcicrostructure were evaluated with antimonia content. Also two probe A. C conductivity measurement was subjected to all specimens and the best results are achieved with 1mol% $Sb_2O_3$ as a sinter agent and relative density of~98% obtained at 140$0^{\circ}C$ and this composition has a maximum electrical conductivity due to the possible substition of $Sb^{3+}$ for $Zr^{4+}$ site. The effect of $Sb_2O_3$ on the electrical conductivity of th bulk and the grain boundaries has on investigated using frequency dispersion analysis (5~106 Hz) Antimonia addition has a negative in-fluence on both the bulk and the grain boundary conductivity except for a 1 mon% addition. The additive antimonia has improve a modulus of rupture to 60~MPa due to metastable-tetragonal phase apparence and decrease the hardness with increasing the $Sb_2O_3$ content.