• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2018

Nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life, characterized by renal dysfunction and proteinuria, is associated with a heterogeneous group of disorders. These disorders are often related to genetic mutations, but the syndrome can also be caused by a variety of other diseases. We report an infant with nephrotic syndrome associated with a neuroblastoma. A 6-month-old girl was admitted with a 10% weight loss over 10 days and nephrotic-range proteinuria. She was ill-looking, and her blood pressure was higher than normal for her age. Her cystatin-C glomerular filtration rate was decreased, and levels of plasma renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines were elevated. Renal ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography showed a retroperitoneal prevertebral mass encasing both renal arteries and the left renal vein. The mass was partially resected laparoscopically, and the pathologic diagnosis was neuroblastoma. Findings on a simultaneous renal biopsy were unremarkable. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and several anti-hypertensive drugs, including an alpha blocker. Two months later, the mass had decreased in size and the proteinuria and hypertension were gradually improving. In an infant with abnormal renin-angiotensin system activation, severe hypertension, and nephrotic-range proteinuria, neuroblastoma can be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1573-1579
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to define the effect of DaeSiHo-Tang extract on the hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rat and norepinephrine-induced arterial contraction in rabbit. Systolic blood pressure and blood velocity were significantly attenuated by administration of DaeSiHo-Tang extract. but blood flow and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system unaffected by DaeSiHo-Tang extract. The relaxation effect of DaeSiHo-Tang extract was dependent on the presence of endothelium, showing that DaeSiHo-Tang extract-induced relaxation was not observed in the strips without endothelium. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by DaeSiHo-Tang extract was decreased by the pretreatment of $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine or methylene blue, but it was not observed in the strips pretreated with indomethacin or tetraethylammonium chloride. When $Ca^{2+}$ was applied, the strips which were contracted by norepinephrine in a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, arterial contraction was increased. But pre-treatment of DaeSiHo-Tang extract inhibited contractile response to $Ca^{2+}$. These results indicate that antihypertensive effect of DaeSiHo-Tang extract is due to descend arterial resistance by the arterial relaxation through the formation of nitric oxide in the vascular endothelial cells.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.23-29
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• 1979

To evaluate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes mellitus, basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and its response to intravenous furosemide were determined in 40 diabetic subjects. The diabetics were divided into 4 groups according to the pressence of nephropathy and/or hypertension. Uncomplicated diabetics (Group I) were taken as control group and the results of the ether groups were compared to this group. In diabetics with nephropathy alone (Group II), and with nephropathy and hypertension (Group III), basal PRA values were $0.63{\pm}0.59ng/ml/hr.,\;and\;0.79{\pm}0.62ng/ml/hr.,$ respectively, both significantly lower than control group. ($1.53{\pm}1.09ng/ml/hr.$). (p<0.05) In both of the above groups, the responses to intravenous furosemide tended to be blunted. On the other hand, in diabetics with hypertension only (Group IV), the basal and stimulated PRA were not significantly different from control. Above results suggests that nephropathy may be one of the factors which suppress renin activity in diabetes mellitus.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2003

Objective : The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Gamiheechum-tang (Jiaweixiqian-tang; GHCT) on brain tissue damage from chemical or ischemic insults. Methods : Levels of cultured cortical neuron death caused by toxic chemicals were measured by LDH release assay. Neuroprotective effects of GHCT on brain tissues were examined in vivo by ischemic model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Results : Animal groups treated with GBCT showed significantly decreased hypertension, and reduced levels of aldosterone, dopamine, and epinephrine in the plasma. GHCT treatments ($l0-200\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) significantly decreased cultured cortical neuron death mediated by AMPA, kainate, BSO, or Fe2+ when measured by LDH release assay. Yet, cell death mediated by NMDA was effectively protected by GHCT at the highest concentration examined ($200\mu\textrm{g}/ml$). In the in vivo experiment examining brain damage by MCA occlusion, affected brain areas by ischemic damage and edema were significantly less in animal groups administered with GHCT compared to the non-treated control group. Neurological examinations of forelimbs and hindlimbs showed that GHCT treatment improved animals' recovery from ischemic injury. Moreover, the extent of injury in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in ischemic rats was much reduced by GHCT, whose morphological features were similarly observed in non-ischemic animals. Conclusion : The present data suggest that GBCT may play an important role in protecting brain tissues from chemical or ischemic injuries.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2008

1. Objectives This is a case of refractory ascites due to hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Sasang Constitutional Medication. Refractory ascites, which did not respond to diuretics, was improved with Jeoryeongchajeonja-tang. 2. Methods We recorded the patient's abdominal circumference, body weight and urine output daily. We also investigated the TTKG(transtubular potassium gradient) values 3 times during the treatment course. 3. Results the TTKG value of the patient was siginificantly decreased. TTKG values before administration of Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang were 8.41, 10.82, respectively and 4.25 after administration of Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang. 4. Conclusions We guess that Jeoryeongchajeonja-tang functions as an aldosterone antagonist or increases spironolactone activity through interaction between Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang and spironolactone. But the mechanism of Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang is not clear, so we need more clinical study of refractory ascites improved with Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang and biological study of interaction between Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang and spironolactone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science Conference
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• 1987.06a
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• pp.92-106
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• 1987

$Na^{+}$는 체내에서 세포외액 (extracellular fluid)의 주요 양이온으로 세포내액과 세포외액은 세포막을 사이에 두고 $Na^{+}$와 $K^{+}$의 높은 농도의 차이를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 농도차이는 세포막에 있는 $Na^{+}$-K$^{+}$ATP ase의 활동에 의하여 유지되며 $Na^{+}$는 체액의 osmolarity와 혈장의 부피 유지, 신경흥분, 근육수축 및 영양소등의 이동에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 체내의 Na balance는 renin-aldosterone system에 의하여 신장에서의 배설조절로 이루어지며, 최근 Na대사에 관여하는 natriuretic hormone이 발견되고 있다. Na의 과잉섭취는 역학적 연구와 동물실험에서 고혈압의 유발인자로 제시되고 있으나, 임상적 연구에서는 Na제한이 혈압강하효과가 있다는 보고와 없다는 보고가 있어 결과가 뚜렷하지 않다. 이는 고혈압 환자중에는 salt-sensitive한 group자 salt-resistant group이 있다는 것과 산업화된 사회들의 Na 섭취량이 이미 너무 높은 수준으로 Na섭취증가와 혈압상승간의 관계를 현재의 연구 방법들로는 찾아내기 어렵다는 ‘saturation effect’로 설명한다. 그러나 Na섭취를 1일 70~100mEq.(NaCl 4.0~5.8g)이하로 줄이면 고혈압 발생이 현저히 감소하고 Na 섭취량이 1일 30mEq.(NaCl 1.7g)이하이면 고혈압은 거의 발생하지 않는다. 그러나 Na섭취가 1일 400mEq.(NaCl 23.2g)이상이 되더라도 인구 중 50~80%는 고혈압에 걸리지 않아 고혈압의 발생은 유전적 인자, 신장 기능의 부족에 의해 지배되고, Na이외에도 K, Ca등의 식이 인자 및 stress, 운동등의 환경적 요인들이 영향을 미친다. Na 섭취량은 자연식품에 들어있는 양 뿐 아니라, 가공과정, 조리가정, 식사 중에 첨가되는 양에 의하여 좌우되므로, Na 섭취량을 측정하기 매우 어렵다. 가장 널리 사용되는 방법은 24시간 소변 중 배설되는 Na의 양으로부터 추정하는 방법으로 우리나라의 경우, 이러한 방법으로 섭취량을 환산할 경우 1일 200~260mEq. (NaCl 11.6~15.1g) 정도이며 이중 80% 이상이 discretionary intake인 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 앞으로 Na섭취를 줄이도록 많은 노력을 기울여야 하겠다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.212-221
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• 1996

The aim of this experiment was to elucidate the effects of Saseuptang water extract on the renal function plasma renin activity and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone in rat The results were as follows; 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, 0.4 and 0.8ml/kg. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.4\;m{\ell}/kg$. 3. Urinary excretion of chloride increased significantly after the administration of Saseupthang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 4. Free water clearance increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 6. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreased significantly after administration of Saseupthang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. These results suggest that the changes of urine volume after the administration of Saseuptang water extracts are related to the increments of glomerular filtration rate and free water clearance, and it is suggested that the changes of renal function by which Saseuotang may related to the renin-angiotensin and atrial natriuretic peptide system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.189-202
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• 1985

Enhanced activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been suggested as a cause of the high blood pressure in certain forms of experimental hypertension. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, however, increased activity of the system has not been found, and even suppressed renin angiotensin system has been reported in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. In the present experiments it was attempted to explore the possible alteration of the short loop negative feedback control in the hypertensive rat. Experiments have been done in the anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) as well as in normotensive Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats as control. Responses of the plasma renin activity to the intravenous L-isoproterenol were dose dependent, in both SHR and normotensive control rats. Hypotensive responses to smaller do sea of L-isoproterenol were more accentuated in SHR than in the normotensive control rats. Angiotensin If given intravenously suppressed plasma renin activity in a dose dependent fashion in both groups. However, these suppressive responses were significantly attenuated in SHR as compared with the normotensive control rats. Treatment with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor did not correct the attenuated responses of the plasma renin activity to angiotensin II in SHR. Intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin also produced a dose-dependent suppression of plasma renin activity in both groups. The responses to arginine vasopressin were also significantly attenuated to the normotensive control rats. In the sodium-depleted SHR, arginine vasopressin did not suppress plasma renin activity, whereas the suppressive responses to arginine vasopressin in the normotensive control rats were not different from the untreated control rats. These data suggest that there may be a derangement in the short loop negative feedback control of the renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rat.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.624-632
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• 2000

Nutrition related factors were investigated in one hundred and two hypertensive patients(Male : 44, female : 58) before they started drug treatment or diet therapy. The mean age of men and women were 49.9 and 53.5, respectively. Among the men, their mean SBP and DBP were 165.8 mmHg/108.4 mmHg. Fifty six point eight percent of men was classified as having in stage 3 hypertension(SBP $\geq$ 180 mmHg, or DBP $\geq$ 110 mmHg) and 45.5% was classified as having low renin hypertension (serum renin < 2.5 ng/ml/h). The proportion of overweight or obesity assessed by BMI($\geq$ 25) or body fat percent( $\geq$ 21%) was 47.7% or 80.9%, respectively. Men showed 19.1% of hypertriglyceridemia(serum TG $\geq$ 200 mg/dl), 42.6% of hypercholesterolemia(serum cholesterol $\geq$ 220 mg/dl), and 17.0% was observed as having serum cholesterol higher than 240 mg/dl. The proportion of men with high risk of cardiovascular disease was 72.3% assessed by atherogenic index( $\geq$3.4). The prevalence of drinking was 86.4% including a daily drinking proportion of 15.8%. Among women, their mean SBP and DBP were 162.6 mmHg/104.3 mmHg. Less women(43.1%) were classified as having stage 3 hypertension and more women were observed in low renin hypertension(55.1%). The prevalence of obesity or overweight assessed by BMI( $\geq$ 25) was 31.0% and 76.3% with body At percent($\geq$28%). Women revealed 24.1% of hypertriglyceridemia and 36.2% of hypercholesterolemia. The proportion of women who showed high risk of cardiovascular disease(atherogenic index $\geq$ 3.4) was 63.8%. The smoking rate was 8.6% and drinking rate was 43.1%.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.626-633
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• 2007

To access the safety and efficacy of Chungyeoldodam-tang(CDT), a traditional herbal medicine prescription, on hypertension we examined various parameters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. CDT seems to be safe because CDT at the concentrations lower that 250 ug/ml showed no toxic effects in cultured human fibroblast and no toxic effects on liver function. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were greatly decreased in CDT treated group compared with control, and angiotensin converting enzyme activities were reduced by CDT in a dose dependent manner. There was no differences in weight of hearts between control and CDT treated group. The blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly decreased. CDT greatly reduced the levels of plasma hormones including aldosterone, dopamine, and norepinephrine, but not epinephrine, and serum electrocytes including Na$^+$ and Cl$^-$, but not K$^+$. were also decreased. The levels of uric acid, BUN and creatinine were significantly decreased compared with control. These results suggested that CDT has suppressive effects on various pathologic factors in hypertension, and CDT has potential as a safe and effective therapeutics for hypertension.