• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

Objectives : Alcohol-induced liver disease advances as to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular lipid peroxidation increase. We examined the hepatoprotective effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome extract (ZR), Pueraria lobata Ohwi flower extracts (PF), and a newly developed herbal juice (HJ), which was a combination of ZR and PF extracts, against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: The study utilized the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells to validate the hepatoprotective effect of HJ (50~200 ㎍/mL) against ethanol (EtOH, 700 mM)-induced liver damage. Results: HJ effectively reduced the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, adiponectin, and AMP-activated protein kinase in EtOH-induced HepG2 cells. The levels of ROS, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are the result of various synthesis and lipogenesis processes induced by EtOH in the liver, were reduced by HJ. Furthermore, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, enzymes linked to alcohol degradation, were more effectively downregulated by HJ treatment compared to treatment with ZR and PF alone, all without causing cytotoxic effects. Conclusions: HJ protects the liver by inhibiting EtOH-induced lipogenesis, lowering ROS generation, and improving alcohol degradation, which is more effective than ZR and PF alone. Further, in vivo experiments can offer additional evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanism of action of HJ.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of the circadian variations on the toluene metabolism, 50％ toluene in olive oil (0.2 m1/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Each group of animals was sacrificed at 8 hr after last injection of toluene. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in control rats of night phase than those of day phase. On the other hand, the activities of hepatic benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in control rats of night phase showed the similiar value with that in those of day phase and in case of toluene treatment, these enzyme activities in rats of night phase were rather more decreased than those of day phase. Furthermore, hepatic benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were more or less higher in the control rats of night phase than those of day phase and by toluene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of night phase were somewhat decreased than those of day phase. in vitro, benzylalcohol or benzaldehyde inhibited the activities of benzylalcohol or aldehyde dehydrngenase prepared from the rats liver supematant. There were no differences in urinary hippuric acid contents between the night phase and day phase both in the control and toluene treated group. The increasing rate of liver weight per body weight (％), serum xanthine oxidase activities were higher in rats of night phase than in those of day phase by toluene treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that the producing rate of benzylalcohol and benzaldehyde from toluene may be higher in rats of night phase than those of day phase.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.276-279
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• 2016

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder with worldwide incidence of 0.4 per 100,000 people. It is characterized by the triad of congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or quadriplegia, and mental retardation. Herein we report a 2-year-old male child with SLS, asthma, and recurrent pneumonia. SLS was confirmed by a molecular genetics study that revealed a deletion mutation in the ALDH3A2 gene. An ALDH3A2 gene mutation results in dysfunction of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase and impaired metabolism and accumulation of leukotriene B4, which is a key molecule and a pro-inflammatory mediator in developing allergic diseases, especially asthma. An increased level of leukotriene B4 has been reported in SLS patients. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of SLS associated with asthma and recurrent pneumonia. In conclusion, pediatricians should be aware of and evaluate patients with SLS for possible associated asthma and allergic disorders.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2005

To investigate the effect of Feelch on alcohol metabolism, we measured both blood alcohol concentration in human and hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzyme activity in rats. The blood alcohol concentration in Feelch-ingested group was significantly lower than that in water-ingested group at 0, 40, and 80 minute after alcohol intake. The blood alcohol concentration between male and female taken 300ml of $21\%$ alcohol showed the significant differences; the peak value of blood alcohol concentration in male and female were $0.083\pm0.014\%\;and\;0.108\pm0.018\%$, respectively. In alcohol-fed rats, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was significantly increased, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was not changed. In both Feelch-fed group and Feelch plus alcohol-fed group, ADH and ALDH activity were significantly increased as compared with each control group. Feelch decreased phospholipase $A_2$ activity and lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue and activities of serum aminotransferases as compared with control. These results suggest that Feelch may have a hepatoprotective effects and this is likely due to lower blood alcohol concentration via the increment of hepatic ADH and ALDH activity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Differentially expressed genes by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were identified in order to evaluate them as dioxin-sensitive markers and crucial signaling molecules to understand dioxin-induced toxic mechanisms in human bronchial cells. Gene expression profiling was analyzed by cDNA microarray and ten genes were selected for further study. They were cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1), S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (calgranulin B), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH6) and peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) in up-regulated group. Among them, CYP1B1 was used as a hallmark for dioxin and sharply increased by TCDD exposure. Down-regulated genes were IK cytokine, interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1), nuclease sensitive element binding protein 1 (NSEP1), protein tyrosine phosphatase type VI A, member 1 (PTP4A1), ras oncogene family 32 (RAB32). Although up-regulated 4 genes in microarray were coincided with northern hybridization, down-regulated 5 genes showed U-shaped expression pattern which is sharply decreased at lower doses and gradually increased at higher doses. These results introduce some of TCDD-responsive genes can be sensitive markers against TCDD exposure and used as signaling cues to understand toxicity initiated by TCDD inhalation in pulmonary tissues.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2022

Disulfiram (DSF) is a marketed drug to treat patients with alcohol dependence by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. Over the last few decades, DSF has been shown to have anticancer effects through different mechanisms. Moreover, this effect can be elevated when used with copper (Cu). Subsequent studies have been conducted on various cancers, but few on lymphoma. This study investigated the anticancer effects of DSF on lymphoma and how this effect changed when treated with Cu. DSF synergistically decreased the metabolic activity of EL4 lymphoma cells when combined with Cu. At 1 µM of DSF alone, the metabolic activity of EL4 cells decreased by 49% compared to the control, whereas it decreased by 87% with a DSF + CuCl₂ treatment. Rhodamine 123 and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining showed that DSF induced the reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted the production of reactive oxygen species. In particular, the combined treatment of DSF + Cu induced cell death based on multiple assays, including annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. Overall, DSF has anticancer effects on lymphoma cells and exhibits synergistic effects when combined with Cu. This study provides some valuable information to broaden the use of DSF in clinics and basic research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the eliminatory effect of health drink containing Hovenia dulcis Thunb extract on ethanol-induced hangover in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $200{\pm}10\;g$ were given health drink (10 mL/kg) or other company product(10 mL/kg) 30 min before or after 40% ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) ingestion. To study the effect of health drink on blood ethanol concentration, blood was taken from caudal artery at 1, 3, 5 hr and the animal were sacrificed 24 hr after ethanol ingestion. From 1 to 5 hr, health drink pre- or postdosing significantly decreased the ethanol levels in the blood. The acetaldehyde concentration showed decrement in health drink group and other company product group. The activities of ethanol, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase measured at postdosing, were also not altered by the administration of health drink. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities showed unaltered resulted in all experimental groups compared with the normal group. These results suggest that oral intake of health drink containing Hovenia dulcis Thunb is effective on elimination of ethanol-induced hangover.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.606-621
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• 2024

This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of fermented Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (FPB) in ethanol-induced liver injury mice. As a result of amino acids in FPB, 18 types of amino acids including essential amino acids were identified. In the results of in vitro tests, FPB increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities. In addition, FPB treatment increased cell viability on ethanol- and H₂O₂-induced HepG2 cells. FPB ameliorated serum biomarkers related to hepatoxicity including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamine pyruvic transaminase, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase and lipid metabolism including triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also, FPB controlled ethanol metabolism enzymes by regulating the protein expression levels of ADH, ALDH, and cytochrome P450 2E1 in liver tissue. FPB protected hepatic oxidative stress by improving malondialdehyde content, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, FPB reversed mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. FPB protected ethanol-induced apoptosis, fatty liver, and hepatic inflammation through p-AMP-activated protein kinase and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, FPB prevented hepatic fibrosis by decreasing TGF-β1/Smad pathway. In summary, these results suggest that FPB might be a potential prophylactic agent for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease via preventing liver injury such as fatty liver, hepatic inflammation due to chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2001

To investigate an effect of the topical toluene application to .at skin on the liver injury, toluene (35 mg/$cm^2$) was sequentially applied for 3 or 5 days to rat skin and then the animals were sacrificed. 5 day toluene-treated rats showed the slight increase of live. weight per body weight(%) compared with control. Serum levels of xanthine oxidase and alanine aminotransferase activity were significantly increased both in 3 days and 5 days toluene-treated animals compared with control. In the histopathological findings, cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatocytes around the central vein was noted in the liver of rats applied with toluene to the skin. These results indicate toluene application to rat skin feds to somewhat slight liver injury. On the other hand, the hepatic benzylalcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were significantly decreased by toluene application to rat skin. In conclusion, the liver min was induced by toluene application to rat skin, and it can be hypothesized that accumulation of benzaldehyde in liver cell may be responsible for liver injury.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2012

Microbulbifer sp. was used to acquire the degrading products from Ecklonia cava (DPEC) and the products were investigated to determine the physiological activities. Firstly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay were about 84.1% and 89.6% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, nitrite scavenging ability was shown to be 56.3% at 0.5 mg/ml on pH 1.2. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 58.7% at 2.5 mg/ml. To determine the influence of DPEC on alcohol metabolism, the generating activity of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. Facilitating rates of ADH and ALDH activities by DPEC were 123.3% and 215.2% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. For analyses of anti-wrinkling and whitening effects, its elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were measured and were about 73.1% and 42.2% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. These results indicated that DPEC has valuable biological attributes owing to its antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and alcohol metabolizing activities and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities.