• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.267-279
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• 2015

Previous studies related to drinking problems among Korean employees has focused on not 'drinking on the job' but 'drinking off the job'. Thus, little is known about the relationships between 'drinking on the job' and work performance among employees in Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between alcohol use including 'drinking on the job' and 'drinking off the job' and work performance among 577 employees working at the health or welfare related agencies in N-gu of Seoul. Analyses were conducted using univariate analyses and multiple regression to examine which alcohol use factors were associated with work performance among employees. As for alcohol use, 49.3% of participants reported 'drinking on the job' in the past 30 days and 48.2% of participants reported 'drinking in a company dinner' in the past 30 days. Univariate analyses on the relationships between alcohol use including 'drinking on the job' and 'drinking off the job' and 'work performance' showed' drinking on the job' was associated with all work performance items except 'being absent' and 'being hurted' were not associated with work performance. Meanwhile, 'drinking off the job' was related to only 'did not do the job well'. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that gender, subjective health status, service period, and 'drinking on the job'. These findings suggested that there is a need to more concerns about 'drinking on the job', especially 'drinking in a company dinner' among employees in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.165-187
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• 2015

This study was designed to examine the influence of social-environment factors on high risk alcohol consumption. The study analyzed 229 local areas throughout Korea. Main variables included high risk alcohol consumption and environment factors such as population structure, liquor stores. For exploring the problem drinking, geographically weighted regression(GWR) using the geographic information system(GIS) was utilized to analysis. Major findings are rate of perceived stress, number of restaurants and bars. Especially problem drinking were influenced restaurants and bars, and the form or aim of restaurants and bars had differentiability to the problem drinking. These results have implication about the regulation policy of alcohol availability for prevention of alcohol related problems.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.552-561
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing drinking problems in female university students to provide basic data for a nursing intervention program to improve health and prevent drinking problems. Method: Data were collected from September 17 to 21, 2007 through a questionnaire survey of 325 female college students in G City. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The most powerful predictor of drinking problems was refusal self efficacy. The combination of the influence of friends, perceived stress, personality of novelty seeking, and alcohol expectancy accounted for 23.7% of the variance in drinking problems. Conclusion: From the results, I recommend that refusal self efficacy, influence of friends, perceived stress, personality of novelty seeking, and alcohol expectancy should be contained in developing nursing intervention programs for preventing drinking problems in female university students.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between drinking motivation, drinking refusal self-efficacy, job stress and problem drinking, and identify contributing factors on employees' problem drinking. Methods: A total of 191 employees recruited from two worksites. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: A 65.5% of employees has shown as hazardous drinking. Employees' problem drinking was significantly influenced by coping motives as a sub-factors of drinking motives (${\beta}$=.25) and social pressure as a sub-factors of drinking refusal self-efficacy(${\beta}$=-.57), explained 51.2% of the total variance. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, healthy workplace culture for preventing employees' problem drinking should be builded. In addition, alcohol education program and effective employee assistance program need to be developed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate several effects of smoking and alcohol-drinking on the health of rural residents. The subjects were 710 people (325 males and 385 females) in rural area, Young-Duk Gun, Kyungbuk, Korea. The data were collected by medical students trained for this study during 4 days from 31 August, 1996. Questionnaire contents were general social characteristics, period of the agriculture, smoking history, alcohol-drinking history, some psychosomatic symptoms and self-evaluation for health. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Positive rates of the some psychosomatic symptoms and self-evaluation for health were higher in female than in male and were significantly increased as the as increased(p<0.05). 2. Smoking rate was 56.9% in male and 4.9% in female. In positive rates of the some psychosomatic symptoms and self-evaluation for health in male, 'insomnia' was only significantly lower in ex-smoker than in smoker and non-smoker(p<0.05). Other items were significantly not different. 3. Prevalence rate of alcohol drinker was 54.8% in male and 17.1% in female and the alcoholism was 8.3% in male and 0.8% in female. Positive rate of the some psychosomatic symptoms and self-evaluation for health in male were significantly not different. 4. The scores of self-evaluation for health was divided into two groups under two point and over three. And the analysis of multiple logistic regression shows that there were significant relationship with age and sex. This study suggests that some psychosomatic symptoms and self-evaluation for health were significant relationship with age and sex but not smoking and alcohol-drinking.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of loneliness on drinking, smoking, and health perception (symptom pattern & subjective health) in college students. The convenience sample consisted of 417 college students attending four universities. The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale(RULS) and the Symptom Pattern Scale were used to collect the data. In this study, 84.7% of the subjects used alcohol, with a mean of 5.52 drinks per week, and 32. 9% of the subjects smoked for a mean of 5.08 cigarette packs per week during the previous month. The mean score loneliness measured by the RULS was 40.82, indicating that the subjects were moderately lonely. The majority of the subjects had a low level of symptom pattern and evaluated their health as either very good or good. The level of alcohol drinking and the smoking increased and symptom pattern decreased with age. Female students were lonelier than male students in this study. Also, the female students had a lower level of symptom pattern and evaluated their health worse than the male students. Male students consumed more alcohol and smoked more cigarette than female students. Living arrangement was significantly related to the level of loneliness. The subjects who lived with their parents and siblings were less lonely than those who lived with their friends, or relatives or who lived in a dormitory. Age and religion were not related to the level of loneliness. The level of loneliness influenced drinking, symptom pattern, and subjective health. The study found that subjects who were more lonely consumed alcohol less, had a higher level of symptom pattern, and perceived their health worse than those who were less lonely. Smoking was not influenced by loneliness in this study.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in drinking scores according to stress and depression. Methods: A secondary analysis of the 5th and 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys was conducted. Complex sampling design data analysis was performed in order to identify differences in Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores according to stress and depression among 1,732 unmarried women. Results: The average AUDIT score was 6.14 in unmarried women. There were significant differences in AUDIT scores in terms of stress and depression. Conclusion: Practical programs that can prevent alcohol drinking for unmarried women are suggested. Programs for alcohol-related problems should include stress and depression management.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.154-163
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• 1988

Effects of alchohol and fat content in a balanced diet on chemical composition and morphology of liver were investigated in growing rats. Fourth eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 160g were divided into 4 groups ; high fat diet group, alcohol-administered high fat diet group, low fat diet group and alcohol-administered high fat diet group, low fat diet group and alcohol-administered low fat diet group. High and low fat diets supplied 30% and 12%, respectively, of total calorie intake from fat, and alcohol was given by adding ethanol in drinking waster at 10%. Diets contained adequate amounts of all nutrients required for rats, including lipotrpoic agents(choline and methionine) to minimize effects of factors other than alcohol on liver damage. Ratios of liver weight to body weight were statistically different among groups. Liver/dody weight ratios alcohol-administered rats were significantly higher than those of non-alcohol groups after 6 weeks treatment. Although total lipid and triglyceride per gram liver were increased in alcohol-administered rats, especially low fat diet fed rats, the values were not significantly different. Opticmicroscopical observation revealed increase in cell size and no change in morphology of liver. Examination of hepatocytes by electron microscopy showed that fat droplets were observed in all groups but enlarged in the alcohol-administered low fat diet fed rat. Contents of protein, cholesterol and phospholipid were not affected by alcohol consumption. The level of lipid peroxide was significantly lower in the livers of alcohol-administered rats than in the livers of non-alcohol groups. The results of this study indicate that even moderate alcohol drinking and dietary fat content did not affect any significant change in composition and morphology of liver until 6 week treatment but that even moderate alcohol drinking caused some signs of steatosis of liver.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze contents of beer advertisements in Korea. Research has suggested the influence of alcohol advertisements on viewer's drinking behavior, attitude, and expectancies. Korea's policy on alcohol advertising relies on limited government regulation and self regulation among alcohol industries. This study is expected to lay a foundation for further discussion on regulating alcohol advertising in Korea. Methods: A total of 81 beer advertisements broadcasted between 2008 and 2011 were analyzed. The contents were categorized into themes (22 themes were used), models, and presentation techniques. Results: The themes most frequently appeared in beer advertisements were quality (66.7%), relaxation (44%), camaraderie (41%), and individuality (39.5%), respectively. Analysis of models revealed that most advertisements had more than three models (64.2%), and most of them were in their 20s (68%). As much as 82% of advertisements used celebrity models. Analysis on presentation techniques showed that 91.4% displayed drinking scenes, and 27% displayed gulping down the whole bottle or the glass. Finally, about 10% of ads showed drinking in hazardous situations such as during water sports. Conclusion: The results of the study reflect the minimal regulation of alcohol advertising in Korea. The need for joint effort by legislators, researchers, alcohol industries, and advertising agencies is discussed in order to establish healthier drinking environment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2016

Objectives: The working environment affects employees' physical and mental aspects, and has a deep associations with depression. The purposes of this study are to investigate how hazardous environment working experience impacts on depression, to provide rationale and practical implications for reducing depression and drinking. Methods: This study targeted 215 dental hygiene students from 3 universities located in Gyeonggi-do from November 30 to December 4, 2015. We analyzed the data with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, Regression analysis by using SPSS. Results: This study showed that experience working in hazardous environments increased depression and alcohol drinking, on the other hand alcohol drinking reduced depression. In addition, experience working in hazardous environments effected on depression indirectly through mediating of drinking, subjective health had not role of Moderating Effects between experience working in hazardous environments and depression. Conclusions: In order to reduce workers' depression and alcohol, the improvements of harmful environment are needed. For this governments and local governments should efforts to support enhancing workplace environment, to develop model of standard work environment, and to change employers' awareness on the harmful environment.