• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2005

The maintenance of intestinal health is complex and relies on a delicate balance between the diet, the normal microflora and mucosa, including the digestive epithelium and overlying mucus layer. The colorectal mucosa is protected by a visco-elastic mucus gel formed by high molecular mass glycoproteins referred to as mucins. Abnormality of mucin have been identified with colorectal disease. Constipation increases with age, and is more common among women than men in all age groups, e.g. 10% of men and 20% of women in the USA. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate that the effects of formulation KTG075 from edible plants on intestinal function on mucus secretion, were examined by loperamide-induced constipation method using Sprague Dawley male rats. Epithelial cells of colonic crypt contained more mucus in the KTG075 group compared with those of the control group and the thickness of the mucus layer stained with alcian blue was significantly thicker in KTG075 treated rats compared with in control rats. Mucus production of epithelial cells of crypt and mucus contents at fecal and mucosa surfaces were reduced by loperamide-induced constipation. These results indicates that a poly herbal formulation KTG075 accelerates evacuation and activated intestines.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 1989

The histochemical characteristics of the cutaneous granular glands and its fine structure of the Korean fire bellied toad, Bombino orientalis Boulenger the only species inhabitated in Korea, were studied with light and electron microscopes. By the granular size and histochemical properties, the granular glands were subdivided into two types. The type I glands have small secretory granules (3.6 $\mu$ m), whereas the type II glands contain relatively larger granules (7.5 $\mu$ m). These two types of glands were simple alveolar gland, and they were commonly composed of inner glandular epithelial cells and outermost myoepithelial cells. By the histochemical reactions, these two secretory granules were not responsed to Alcian blue, but weakly positive reaction was observed in type I granular glands by the PAS reaction. And by the scanning electron microscopic observation, extemal morphology of the opening site of the gland duct was resembled to the stomata of the plant leaves. Especially the epithelial cells of the type I glands had fine reticular surface whereas, type II glands had large vesicular surface. These types of the glands conimonly had larger cavities than those of mucous glands, and forming the multinucleated unicellulr structure (syncytium) at the glandular epithelial layers. Secretory granules of these glands were originated from the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the glandular epithelial cells, and by the maturation level of the granule, morphological diversities appeared.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2012

In recent days, the wire width of IC is narrowed and the degree of integration of IC is increased to obtain the higher capacity of the devices in electronic industry. And then the surface quality of FCCL(Flexible Copper Clad Laminate) became increasingly important. Surface defects on FCCL are bump, scratch, dent and so on. In particular, bumps cause low reliability of the products. Even though there are bumps on the surface, if leveling characteristic of plating solution is good, it does not develop significant bump. In this study, the leveling characteristics of additives are investigated. The objective of study is to improve the leveling characteristic and reduce the surface step through additives and plating conditions. The additives in the electrodeposition bath are critical to obtain flat surface and free of defects. In order to form flat copper surface, accelerator, suppressor and leveler are added to the stock solution. The reason for the addition of leveler is planarization surface and inhibition of the formation of micro-bump. Levelers (SO(Safranin O), MV(Methylene Violet), AB(Alcian Blue), JGB(Janus Green B), DB(Diazine Black) and PVP(Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) are used in copper plating solution to enhance the morphology of electroplated copper. In this study, the nucleation and growth behavior of copper with variation of additives are studied. The leveling characteristics are analyzed on artificially fabricated Ni bumps.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 2013

Demineralized bone particle (DBP) is a biomaterial used widely in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, in order to study the effect of DBP/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold on disc regeneration in vivo environment, we prepared the porous DBP/PLGA hybrid scaffold. Disc defect was induced by removing the nucleus pulposus tissue after incision the annulus fibrosus tissue in half and scaffolds were transplanted. After 1, 2 and 3 months later, the extracted discs were confirmed by collagen synthesis and glycosaminoglycan (sGAG). We conducted histology (H&E, Safranin-O, Alcian blue, Type I Collagen, Type II Collagen). From the results, it was confirmed that collagen and sGAG content were high in DBP/PLGA scaffold, and the regeneration of intervertebral disc was possible.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation in the mucosal or submucosal layer of the colon. Previous studies have reported that obesity increases the prevalence of ulcerative colitis and aggravates the progression. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate whether curcumin inhibits the progression of ulcerative colitis caused by obesity. Mice were bred on a high-fat diet to induce obesity, and curcumin was administered with the high-fat diet to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect. To induce ulcerative colitis, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered orally, and clinical symptoms of colitis were subsequently observed. For histological evaluation of curcumin, the colon, liver and abdominal fat tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Our results confirm that consumption of curcumin resulted in decreasing the score of the disease activity index, and inhibited shortening of the colon length. In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration and mucosal damage were inhibited in the colon tissue of ulcerative colitis exacerbated by obesity. We further confirmed that exposure to curcumin significantly reduced the steatosis area of the liver and adipocytes of abdominal fat. In conclusion, we believe that curcumin can be applied as a therapeutic agent to treat ulcerative colitis, by inhibiting the progression of colitis caused by obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1976

To observe the changes of mucosubstances of the mucous secreting cells, stomach tissues in frog tadpoles at each stage of metamorphosis were fixed in 10% buffered formalin at $4^{\circ}C$, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to 4 $\mu$m thickness and stained with periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and alcian blue (AB) of pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The reactivities of the surface mucous cells, which exhibited strong PAS-positivity and weak alcianophilia at both pH 2.5 and 1.0, were not changed in metamorphosis stages and the intracellular contents of neutral mucosubstances in the surface mucous cells increased significantly in XXIV and XXV stages of metamorphosis. 2. In the foveolar mucous cells, which appear after metamorphosis XXI, the staining reactivities to PAS, AB of pH 2.5 and 1.0 were the same as that of surface mucous cells during metamorphosis and the alcianophilia were stronger at pH 1.0 than at pH 2.5. 3. THe mucous neck cells, which appear after metamorphosis XXIV, exhibited a strong PAS-positive reaction and weak alcianophilia at metamorphosis XXIV but at metamorphosis XXV weak reactivity to PAS and strong alcianophilia at pH 1.0.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

The study begin with a basic concept, if the occupancy length of vehicle detector is directly proportional to the delay of vehicle. That is, it analogize vehicle's delay of a occupancy time. The results of a study was far superior in the estimation of a queue length. It is a very good points the operator is not necessary to optimize s1, s2, Thdoc. Thdoc(critical congestion degree) replaced 0.7 with 0.2 - 0.3. But, if vehicles have been experience in delay was not occupy vehicle detector, the study is in existence some problems. In conclusion, it is necessary that stretch queue detector or install paired queue detector. Also I want to be made steady progress a following study relation to this study, because it is required traffic signal control on congestion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.534-541
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• 2011

Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is known to regulate dedifferentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes. The regulatory mechanism of dedifferentiation by RA is not yet understood. Thus, the effect of RA on the regulation of nitric oxide (NO)-induced dedifferentiation was investigated in rabbit articular chondrocytes. RA caused loss of the differentiated chondrocyte phenotype as demonstrated by inhibition of type II collagen expression and proteoglycan synthesis. RA also accelerated NO-induced dedifferentiation in rabbit articular chondrocytes as detected by expression of type II collagen and Sox-9 using Western blot analysis and production of sulfated proteoglycan using Alcain blue staining. Further, RA potentiated NO-induced activation of ERK. Inhibition of ERK with PD98059 (PD) recovered the expression of type II collagen and Sox-9 and production of sulfate proteoglycan in NO-induced dedifferentiated chondrocytes by RA treatment. Our findings suggest that RA accelerates NO-induced dedifferentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes via the ERK pathway.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.6 s.53
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• pp.723-731
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• 1995

Type I and type II collagens are considered the major collagens of bone and cartilage respectively. Monitoring the patterns of those gene and protein expressions during development will provide a basis for the understanding of the normal and abnormal growths. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of collagen genes and proteins involved in the developing human mandible. Fifty embryos and fetuses were studied with Alcian blue-PAS, Masson's Trichrome, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and Southern blot analysis. Our results showed that $pro-{\alpha}1(II)$ collagen gene expression begins in the 5th week. Type II collagen is synthesized in mesenchymal cells in advance: of overt chondrogenesis. The gene expression for type II collagen was highest during the appearance of Meckel's cartilage. There was a switch in collagen protein expression from type I to type II during the appearance stage of Meckel's cartilage. The distribution of the mRNA for type II collagen corresponded well with the pattern of type II collagen protein. The endochondral ossification was observed where there was direct replacement of cartilage by bone.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of surgical induction of anterior disc displacement (ADD) on the distribution of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen fiber arrangement in the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues including articular cartilage of condyle, disc, retrodiscal tissue, and articular eminence. Methods: We used van Gieson staining and Alcian blue critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) method to observe change of collagen fibers on disc and to measure GAG up to 10 weeks in TMJ tissues after surgical induction of ADD on 25 rabbits. Results: CEC measurements for GAG showed 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.6 M, and 0.8 M at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3, 4, and 8 weeks, 10 weeks, respectively. This result indicated that GAGs shifted to highly sulphated ones as time passed. Disruption of collagen fiber arrangement in the disk occurred at 10 days and aggravated at 3 weeks. Conclusion: Our study showed degenerative osteoarthritis changes in rabbit TMJ following surgical induction of ADD up to 10-week period.