• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2003

This study was aimed at investigating the change of blood mineral and enzyme activity during growth period of velvet antler in Korean spotted deer. Samples of blood, obtained from the jugular vein of twenty-five deer(4 to 6 year-old males), were taken in 10 days interval from just after casting to 50 days. Deer were randomly selected from the farm, and samples were analyzed for blood parameters like mineral concentration and enzyme activities. No significant differences found in calcium and phosphorus concentration in blood whereas sodium, potassium and chloride concentration were significantly changed with antler growth. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, $\gamma$-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase during growth of antler, but alkaline phosphatase concentration was increased with growth of antler, and the highest concentration was obtained on the 50 days after casting. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities for the deer tested in this experiment were higher than those of other animals.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.937-949
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• 2008

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.20.1-20.7
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• 2014

Ethanolic leaf extract of Bauhinia variegata has been tested for its possible antioxidant potentials against sodium arsenite induced toxicity in mice. Mice were randomized into two groups of five and fifty mice. Group I consisting of 5 mice without any treatment with food and water ad libitum which served as normal control. Group II mice were fed with sodium arsenite in drinking water at 100 ppm concentration for two monthsthen they were segregated into five groups which were treated differently. Group II a mice received only arsenic as sodium arsenite with drinking water, Group II b were fed chronically 1 : 20 alcohol to distilled water (vehicle), Group II c, d, e mice were orally fed 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of B. variegata leaf extract of once daily for 15 and 30 days respectively along with arsenic. Several toxicity marker enzymes such as gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase and superoxide dismutase along with haematological variables such as glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, creatinine, bilirubin, haemoglobin and sugar in different groups of treated and control mice were studied. Results obtained from the in vivo experiment revealed that administration of sodium arsenite caused a significant increase in some enzymes while decrease in some. A similar trend was also observed with haematological variables. In contrast B. variegata treatment at 150 mg/kg favourably modulated these alterations and maintained the antioxidant status than other two doses i.e. 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg thereby making it a good candidate to be used as supportive palliating measures in arsenic induced toxicity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1033-1039
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• 2006

The metabolic response of Labeo rohita to thermal acclimation was assessed. Advanced fingerlings of L. rohita (average weight $31{\pm}1.4g$) were acclimated to 31, 33 and $36^{\circ}C$ compared with ambient temperatures ($26^{\circ}C$) for 30 days and different enzymes associated with stress response were estimated. Glycolytic enzyme-Lactate dehydrogenase, (LDH, E.C.1.1.1.27), TCA cycle enzyme-Malate dehydrogenase (MDH, E.C.1.1.1.37), Protein metabolizing enzymes-Aspartate amino transferase (AST, E.C.2.6.1.1) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT, E.C.2.6.1.2) of liver, gill and muscle, Gluconeogenic enzymes-Fructose 1,6 Bi phosphatase (FBPase, E.C. 3.1.3.11) and Glucose 6 phosphatase (G6Pase, E.C. 3.1.3.9) of liver and kidney were significantly (p<0.05) different with increasing acclimation temperatures. Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP-70) was expressed in increasing intensity at 31, 33 and $36^{\circ}C$ but was not expressed at $26^{\circ}C$. Results suggest that higher acclimation temperatures enhance metabolism and L. rohita maintains homeostasis between $26-36^{\circ}C$ via an acclimation episode. Such adaptation appears to be facilitated by resorting to gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways for energy mobilization and induction of HSPs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

The anticancer potency of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar albino rats was studied. Single intraperitoneal injection of DEN was administrated to induce liver cancer. After two weeks, phenobarbital (PB) was given orally for fourteen weeks to promote the cancer. The cancer bearing animals treated with ethanolic extract of T.arjuna (400 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Nucleic acids such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were estimated in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals. Certain marker enzymes viz, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'ND) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum, liver and kidney of control and experimental animals. The levels of DNA and RNA were significantly increased in cancer bearing animals. The activities of ALT, AST, ACP, ALP, 5'ND, and LDH were significantly (P<0.001) increased in serum of cancer bearing animals. On the other hand, the levels of ALT, AST were decreased (P<0.001) and ACP, ALP, 5'ND, and LDH were significantly increased (P<0.001) in liver and kidney. These changes were reversed to near normal in drug treated animals. These observations suggest that the ethanolic extract of T.arjuna possess anticancer activity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.903-911
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for preventing preterm delivery in the aspects of blood pressure and hematic parameters. The blood pressure, hematic parameters, relationship between hematic parameters and nutritional intakes and pregnancy outcomes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Diastolic blood pressure was statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. White blood cells (p < 0.005) and alanine amino transferase (p < 0.05) of 3rd trimester in pregnancy were statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. Alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) were statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Inverse relationships between niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc intakes and bilirubin (p < 0.05) were shown. Vitamin A intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood protein, but zinc intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood protein. Vitamin B6 intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood albumin. Calcium intakes (p < 0.005) and iron intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood lactate dehydrogenase. Also, vitamin A intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood glucose. Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (p < 0.005) was statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Birth weight (p < 0.0001) and birth length (p < 0.005) of the neonates were all statistically lower in the preterm delivery group.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

Persimmon is well-known as a Korean traditional medicine for alleviating coughs and enhancing blood circulation; it is also used for treatment of hypertension, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. To evaluate the protective properties of persimmon leaf methanol extract (PLME) and persimmon fruit methanol extract (PFME) administration on acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with or without persimmon extracts for 1 week. Hepatotoxicity was then induced by gavage of 5 g/kg BW ethanol. After 12 hr of ethanol administration, blood and liver were collected and analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity. The results showed PLME and PFME treatments decreased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared with ethanol control. Both PLME and PFME reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, but elevated alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Serum triglyceride (TG) and hepatic cholesterol levels were significantly decreased when treated with PLME and PFME. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in PLME and PFME groups compared with ethanol control. Furthermore, the administration of PLME and PFME significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-red). In summary, PLME and PFME appeared to prevent hepatic injury by accelerating alcohol metabolism by increasing alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, by activating the antioxidative enzyme system against oxidative stress, and by decreasing fat accumulation, which is evidenced by decreased hepatotoxic indices in serum.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced toxicity which damage to liver. Primary researches were gained on the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS, and the data about the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme were listed as many as possible. The effect factors were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD), liver aniline hydroxylase (AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (liver MDA), cytochrome P450 (P450), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytochrome b5 (Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase (GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver (${\gamma}-GCS$), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), serum total protein (TP), serum ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ (${\gamma}-GT$). To investigate the effect of ginseng, the mean difference (MD) between the group of rats induced by toxicity (RH) and the group of rats induced by toxicity with ginseng (RHG) were combined, and the significance of MDs were tested. The combined MDs were checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases, and adjusted by using random effect model and trim and fill method, respectively. The effect about ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, SDH, TP and ${\gamma}-GT$ in plasma factors were significant, and about AD, liver MDA, P450, Cyto b5, GR, GST, GT and ${\gamma}-GCS$ in enzyme factors were significant. The treatment with ginseng supplementation was significantly effected on plasma and enzyme factors of damaged-rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Objectives : Alcohol hangover is a common phenomenon which basically occurs after heavy drinking. Moreover, heavy alcohol consumption leads to acute and chronic diseases. We investigated the effect of herbal mixture (SJ) on alcohol metabolism in serum or/and liver. Methods : 5W-old Sprague Dawley rats were used for the study. To overnight fasted rats, 0.9% saline or SJ extract was administrated per os before alcohol treatment. Then, 40% alcohol was orally administrated to all rats in 30 mins. Ethanol, acetaldehyde concentrations, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were measured by assay kits. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were measured by analyzer. Results : Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations lowered in SJ groups compared with CON group. Especially, acetaldehyde concentration significantly decreased in SJ groups compared with CON group. AST and ALT levels tended to increase in SJ groups compared with CON group but there was no significant difference between CON group and SJ groups. ADH activity in serum was higher in SJ groups than CON group but no significant difference in liver. ALDH activity in both serum and liver showed significantly increased in SJ groups compared with CON group. Conclusions : Treatment of SJ extract showed not only reducing concentration of alcohol and acetaldehyde but also increasing activities of ADH and ALDH. These results suggest SJ may influence in alcohol metabolism via control of metabolic enzyme activities and metabolite. Therefore, SJ, herbal mixture, might have a function of preventing hangover after drinking alcohol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2023

This study confirmed the change in functional composition and alcohol-induced acute liver injury in Aloe arborescens after fermentation. An acute liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day) to C57BL/6J mice for 5 days. A fermented A. arborescens Miller leaf (FAAL) extract was orally administered 30 minutes before ethanol treatment. After fermentation, the emodin content was approximately 13 times higher than that of the raw material. FAAL extract significantly attenuated ethanol-induced aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride increases in serum and liver tissue. Histological analysis revealed that FAAL extract inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration and fat accumulation in liver tissues. The cytochrome P450 2E1, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH), which involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, were effectively regulated by FAAL extract in serum and liver tissues, except for GSH. FAAL also maintained the antioxidant defense system by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression. In addition, FAAL extract inhibited the decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, which promoted alcohol metabolism and prevented the activation of inflammatory response. Our results suggest that FAAL could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced acute liver injury.