• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.12-17
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• 2002

Solvent extraction experiments have been performed to separate copper from $CuCl_2$-$NiCl_2$-$CoCl_2$$ solutions using Alamine336 and LIX84. The complex formation tendency between metal ions and chloride ion had a great effect on the distribution coefficients of Cu, Co and Ni ions and separation factor of Cu to Co and Ni. In the experimental ranges of chloride ion concentration from 0.5 to 4.0 M, LIX84 was superior to Alamine336 in separating copper from cobalt. When the volume percentage of LIX84 and Alamine336 was varied from 5 to 40%, LIX84 was more effective than Alamine336 in separating Cu from Co and Ni in solutions in which the chloride ion concentration was 1.0 M.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.512-515
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• 2008

The removal of iron from neodymium chloride solution was carried out by solvent extraction using Alamine 336 in kerosine. The effect of Alamine 336, hydrochloric acid and chloride ion concentrations on the extraction of Fe were studied. The results showed that Alamine 336 as an extractant for removal of iron was effective and the extraction percentage of iron was increased with increasing hydrochloric acid and chloride ion concentration in aqueous solution. The extraction of 99% of iron is attained at a ratio of A/O = 4 by distilled water. The stripping yield of iron from loaded Alamine 336 decreased with decreasing hydrochloric acid concentration in stripping solution.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2016

The separation behaviour of Mo and W from sulfuric acid solution by solvent extraction with Alamine 336 was investigated as a function of solution pH and extractant concentration. Selective extraction of Mo over W by Alamine 336 was obtained in the pH range of 3-5 with low amine concentration. The mixture of Alamine 336 and acidic extractants improved the separation factor between Mo and W and was in the following order: D2EPHA > PC88A > Decanol > Versatic acid. The stripping efficiency of Mo and W from the loaded mixture of Alamine 336 and D2EHPA was very poor, while complete stripping of Mo and W was possible from the mixture of Alamine 336 and Decanol by using a mixture of $NH_4OH$ and $NH_4Cl$.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

Solvent extraction behaviors of iron(III) from chloride solution at high ionic strength condition between Alamine336 and TBP were compared by using MaCabe-Thiele diagram. Extraction isotherms of iron by the two extractants were obtained by calculating the equilibrium concentrations of iron in both phases from the initial extraction conditions. In calculating the equilibrium concentration of iron, chemical equilibria in the aqueous phase and mass balance together with the solvent extraction reaction were considered. MaCabe-Thiele diagram of iron by 1M Alamine336 indicated that two extraction stages could lead to complete extraction of 0.5M iron from 3M HCl solution at an A/O ratio of 6/5. The extraction power of 1M Alamine336 was found to be the same as 2-3M TBP. MaCabe-Thiele diagram together with the physical properties of the two extractants indicated that Alamine336 is superior to TBP in extracting ferric iron from chloride solution.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2019

The solvent extraction of Tb(III) from hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by employing single organophosphorus (D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272), its mixture with Alamine 336 and ionic liquids with Aliquat 336. The equilibrium pH after the extraction with extractant mixtures and ionic liquids was higher than that by single extractants. Among the mixtures and ionic liquids, only the ionic liquid with Cyanex 272 and Aliquat 336 showed synergism to the extraction of Tb(III). The extraction percentage of Tb(III) by the extractant mixtures was lower than that by single extractant and the extraction order was in the following order : D2EHPA + Alamine 336 > PC88A + Alamine 336 > Cyanex 272 + Alamine 336. The extraction order of Tb(III) by the ionic liquids was Cyanex 272 + Aliqaut 336 > PC88A + Aliquat 336 > D2EHPA + Aliquat 336.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

Solvent extraction reaction of cobalt by Alamine336 from strong hydrochloric acid solution was identified by analyzing the solvent extraction data reported in the literature. Analysis of the data by graphical method revealed that Alamine336 took part in the solvent extraction reaction as a monomer in the concentration ranges, [Co(II)] : 0.0169 - 0.102 M, [Alamine336] ; 0.02- 1.75 M, and [HCl ] : 5 - 10 M. The following solvent extraction reaction and equilibrium constant was obtained from the experimental data by considering the activity coefficients of chemical species present in the aqueous phase. $Co^{2+}+2Cl^{-}+R_3NHCl_{org}=CoCl_3\;R_3NH_{org}$, $K_{ex}=2.21$ The distribution coefficients of cobalt predicted in this study agreed well with those reported in the literature.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

A study on the solvent extraction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency of chromium increased in proportion to extractant concentration. Aliquat 336 of quarternary amine effectively extracted hexavalent chromium and was superior to Alamine 336. And the stabilizers like polyhydric alcohols of octanol, decanol and dodecanol showed the similar effect fur prevention of third phase and a little promotion of extraction efficiency in comparison with non-use of polyhydric alcohols. On the other hand, in solvent extraction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions, the hexavalent chromium was completely extracted at pH range lower than 7 with 1% Aliquat 336 as extractant and 5% decanol as stabilizer and the hexavalent chromium in extractant was completely stripped with 1M sodium hydroxide solution in the stripping step.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.16-22
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• 2018

Inconel713C which of a commercial Ni super alloy have the compositions of 70 wt.% Ni, 12 wt.% Cr, 6 wt.% Al and 4 wt.% Mo. In this study, solvent extraction has been performed to separate Mo from the synthetic leaching solution, formation of Inconel713C alloy similarly and is found the optimum conditions of recovery of Mo from the leaching solution. The effects of some variables, such as the nature and concentration of the extractants, $H_2SO_4$ concentrations, and the presence of impurities were investigated. The extraction percentage of Mo by Cyanex272 is 96% in the condition of pH 1 and 4% of concentration of Cyanex272 but Alamine336 is 99% in the condition of the range of pH 1 to 4 and 1 wt.% of concentration of Alamine336. In the case of Alamine336, the extraction percentage of Mo is increased by increasing of the concentration of Alamine336. The optimum condition of this experiment is pH 1 in aqueous phase, 1% concentration of Alamine336 and activation ratio of $H_2SO_4$ 1:0.5.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.297-303
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• 2009

Solvent extraction experiments of cupric and cuprous chloride with Alamine336 have been performed from HCl solution. In order to identify the solvent extraction reaction, distribution diagram of cupric and cuprous species with HCl concentration was obtained by considering complex formation reaction and the activity coefficient of solutes with Pitzer equation. Analysis of the solvent extraction data by graphical method together with the distribution diagram of copper indicated that solvent extraction reaction of copper with Alamine336 depends on HCl concentration. In strong HCl solution of 3 and 5 M, ${CuCl_4}^{2-}$ and ${CuCl_3}^{2-}$ took part in the solvent extraction reaction as Cu(II) and Cu(I), respectively. When HCl concentration was 1 M, ${CuCl_2}^-$ was extracted into the organic phase in the case of Cu(I) while adduct formation between $Cu^{2+}$ and Alamine336 was responsible for the solvent extraction reaction of Cu(II).

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.929-935
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• 2010

The solvent extraction behavior of Sn(IV) from hydrochloric acid was investigated using Alamine336 (Tri-n-cotylamine) as an extractant. The experimental parameters of the concentration of the HCl solution, chloride ions, extractant, and Sn(IV) were assessed. The results showed that the extraction percentage of Sn(IV) was more than 95% in our experimental range and was only slightly affected by the HCl concentration. The extraction reaction of Sn(IV) by Alamine 336 from the chloride solution was identified as follows: $SnCl_6{^{2-}}+2R_3NHCl_{(org)}=(R_3NH)_2SnCl_{6(org)}+2Cl^-$ and $K=6.3{\times}10^4$. Stripping experiments of Sn(IV) from the loaded organic phase were done by using several stripping agents. A stripping percentage of 90% was obtained with a 2.0 M NaOH solution.