• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 1995

In order to study of characteristics of collected filter as analysis of carbon in airborne particulate matters by Elemental Analyzer, quartz fiber filter and glass fiber filter were used. The results are followed as; There was no difference of confidence in collection rate of airborne particulate matters between quartz fiber filter and glass fiber filter. Airborne particulate matters were collected on both filters evenly and the use of quartz fiber filter is better than glass fiber filter as analysis of carbon by thermal method.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.250-254
• /
• 2007

The reduction efficiency of air cleaner on particulate contaminants such as dust, airborne bacteria and fungi distributed in the office was relatively higher in case of office with workers than office without workers. This result would be attributed to workers' activities and physical characteristics of particulate contaminants. The air cleaner decreased a concentration of airborne bacteria more than airborne fungi, which implicates that difference of dust adsorption between airborne bacteria and fungi would affect an operation efficiency of air cleaner.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.194-201
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the exposure level to dust and airborne microorganisms among employed workers in a clothing shopping center. Materials and Methods: On-site investigation of a clothing shopping center was performed between October and November 2012. The hazardous substances measured in this study are particulate matter(Total dust, respirable dust) and airborne microorganisms (Total airborne bacteria, total airborne fungi). Results: The highest geometric mean levels of particulate matter(total dust, respirable dust) for personal sampling were $1.735(SD:0.883)mg/m^3$ for total dust and $0.0711(SD:0.008)mg/m^3$ for respirable dust, respectively. Those for area sampling were $0.625(SD:0.091)mg/m^3$ for total dust and $0.0718(SD:0.012)mg/m^3$ for respirable dust, respectively. The highest geometric averaged concentrations of airborne microorganisms(Total airborne bacteria, total airborne fungi) were detected at $1,181(SD:105)cfu/m^3$ for total airborne bacteria and $683(SD:114)cfu/m^3$ for total airborne fungi, respectively. Concentrations of particulate matters and airborne microorganism in clothes shopping center did not correlate significantly with environmental factors such as temperature or relative humidity. Conclusions: Exposure levelshave not been established for service workers. Thus, health risk assessment for this group is very difficult. Health guidelines for service workers should be established as soon as possible.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2006

In activity areas of subway workers and passengers in Seoul metropolitan subway lines 1-4, mein concentrations of airborne bacteria were relatively higher in workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas concentrations of particulate matters, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in platform, inside train and driver's seat as compared with other activity areas. This result indicates that little correlation between airborne bacteria and particulate matters was found, which assumed that most airborne particulate matters distributed in subway consisted of mainly inorganic dust like a metal particles. Mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in station precinct and platform exceeded the threshold limit value ($PM_{10}:150{\mu}g/m^3,\;PM_{2.5}:65{\mu}g/m^3$) but those in station office and ticket office were below it. The genera identified in all the activity areas of subway over 5% detection rate were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium, of which Staphylococcus and Micrococcus covered over 50% of total airborne bacteria and were considered as predominant genera distributed in subway.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.325-330
• /
• 2006

Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the level of airborne fungi and environmental factors in Seoul metropolitan subway stations and to provide fundamental data to protect the health of subway workers and passengers. Methods: The field survey was performed from November in 2004 to February in 2005. A total 22 subway stations located at Seoul subway lines 1-4 were randomly selected. The measurement points were subway workers' activity areas (station office, bedroom, ticket office and driver's seat) and the passengers' activity areas (station precincts, inside train and platform). Air sampling for collecting airborne fungi was carried out using a one-stage cascade impactor. The PM and CO2 were measured using an electronic direct recorder and detecting tube, respectively. Results: In the activity areas of the subway workers and passengers, the mean concentrations of airborne fungi were relatively higher in the workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas the concentration of particulate matter, $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in the platform, inside the train and driver's seat than in the other activity areas. There was no significant difference in the concentration of airborne fungi between the underground and ground activity areas of the subway. The mean $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ concentration in the platform located at underground was significantly higher than that of the ground (p<0.05). Conclusions: The levels of airborne fungi in the Seoul subway line 1-4 were not serious enough to cause respiratory disease in subway workers and passengers. This indicates that there is little correlation between airborne fungi and particulate matter.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2007

In order to evaluate the genotoxicity of airborne particulate matter extracted with dichloromethane (APE), the rat microsome mediated (S-9) or DNA repair enzyme treated Comet assays were performed using the single cell gel electrophoresis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. It was found that the cells interacting with APE showed more DNA single-strand breaks relative to untreated cells. The genotoxicity of APE was increased with the treatment of S-9 mixture. Microsome mediated DNA damage was inhibited by CYP1Al inhibitor, quercetin. The APE also showed oxidative DNA damage evaluated by endonuclease III treatment. Oxidative DNA damage of APE was inhibited by antioxidants such as vita- min C and Trolox. We also found that the vegetables or fruits extract may reduce APE-induced genotoxicity by their anti- oxidant activity and CYP1A1 inhibition.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

The effectiveness of the government regulation on tail-pipe emission for diesel vehicles issued in 2003 in Tokyo was evaluated in this study. Variations in annual average concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs associated with airborne particulate matter were investigated in connection with the variation in airborne elemental carbon (EC) concentration in downtown Tokyo, Japan in 2006-2007 and in 1997-1998. The annual average concentrations of EC, seven different PAHs, and 1-nitropyrene were found to have decreased significantly from 1997-1998 to 2006-2007. The most prominent decrease in atmospheric concentration was observed for 1-nitropyrene, which is a representative nitro-PAH originating from diesel vehicles. This indicated that the government control has worked to considerably reduce both atmospheric mutagens and airborne particulate matter. In contrast, the concentrations of two nitro-PAHs, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene, remained the same. These nitro-PAHs are known to be formed by atmospheric nitration of their parent PAHs, and this result suggested factors other than the concentration of parent PAHs and $NO_2$ affects the degree of atmospheric formation of nitro-PAHs.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 1989

The extractable organic matter was extraced from airborne particulates collected in Seoul during 1986. It was fractionated to several fracrtions and mutagenicities of them were tested in Salmonella thyphimurium TA98 by Ames method. The neutral fraction showed the highest indirect acting mutagenicity while the highest direct acting mutagenicity was observed in the acidic fraction. Indirect acting mutagenicity of airborne particulate was attributed to its neutral fraction about 88% in average, to acidic about 10% in average and to basic fraction about 2% in average. Direct acting mutagenicity of airborne particulate was attributed to its neutral fraction about 70%, to acidic fraction about 29% and to basic fraction about 1%. Among five subfractions of neutral fraction, the proportion of mutagenicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon subfraction was 13.2% in indirect acting mutagenicity and 5.0% in direct acting mutagenicity.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2005

A comparison of the analytical data obtained by three $k_0$-NAA software programs was carried out using both the airborne particulate matter collected from an urban site and the certified reference materials of the air filter and urban dust to evaluate the performance of the analysis. The individual $k_0$-NAA standardization methods of three countries, Korea, China and Vietnam which had been modified from the well established $k_0$-program were used for the comparative analysis. The measured concentrations of 30 elements from the two kinds of air samples based on this software were in agreement with each other within about 20% analytical error except for a few elements. By contrast, the results of China and Vietnam were moderately higher than that of Korea due to a systematic error associated with the detection efficiency, gamma peak analysis and geometric effect.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.397-409
• /
• 2004

There has been few studies of either domestic or international to apply CCT-ICP-MS for the precise analysis of As and Cr components associated with airborne particulate matter. To date, the use of CCT-ICP-MS is strongly recommended for the accurate analysis of the toxic trace metals; this is because CCT-ICP-MS technique prevents polyatomic spectral interferences involved in the determination of As and/or Cr components. Taking advantage of CCT-ICP-MS technique, the measurements of about 20 metals were undertaken in this study. The standard reference material (NIST SRM 2783) was used for analytical quality control. To improve analytical accuracy and of acid efficiency, we selected nitric acid based on a test of three kinds of acid for microwave digestion method 1 ) nitric acid. 2) nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. and 3) nitric acid and perchloric acid. When this method was employed, relative errors to SRM values of Al, As, Cr Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn fell below 20%, while those or Ca, Si, and Ti were higher than 20%. The overall results of our study show that the concentrations of As and V determined by CCT-ICP-MS were satisfied with the certificated values within a relative error of 20e1c, whereas those determined by ICP-MS were 10 times higher than the certificated values.