Browse > Article

Assessment of Airborne Bacteria and Particulate Matters Distributed in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Stations  

Kim, Ki-Youn (Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, Ajou University)
Park, Jae-Beom (Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, Ajou University)
Kim, Chi-Nyon (Institute for Occupational Health, College of Medicine, Yonsei University)
Lee, Kyung-Jong (Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, Ajou University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.32, no.4, 2006 , pp. 254-261 More about this Journal
Abstract
In activity areas of subway workers and passengers in Seoul metropolitan subway lines 1-4, mein concentrations of airborne bacteria were relatively higher in workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas concentrations of particulate matters, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in platform, inside train and driver's seat as compared with other activity areas. This result indicates that little correlation between airborne bacteria and particulate matters was found, which assumed that most airborne particulate matters distributed in subway consisted of mainly inorganic dust like a metal particles. Mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in station precinct and platform exceeded the threshold limit value ($PM_{10}:150{\mu}g/m^3,\;PM_{2.5}:65{\mu}g/m^3$) but those in station office and ticket office were below it. The genera identified in all the activity areas of subway over 5% detection rate were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium, of which Staphylococcus and Micrococcus covered over 50% of total airborne bacteria and were considered as predominant genera distributed in subway.
Keywords
subway; airborne bacteria; $PM_{10}$; $PM_{2.5}$; underground; ground;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 김종호, 김신도, 김동술, 김윤신, 신응배 : 서울시 지하철역의 가스상 오염물질 농도의 조사 연구. 대한환경공학회 춘계학술연구발표회 논문집, 56, 1993
2 유정석, 이권수, 김동술, 김신도, 김윤신, 신응배 : 서울 지하철역 내에서의 라돈 농도 분포 및 저감 대책. 대한환경공학회 춘계학술연구발표회 논문집, 57-60, 1993
3 김진경, 백남원 : 서울시 지하철 역사의 실내 공기중 분포하는 먼지의 특성에 관한 연구. 한국환경보건학회지, 30(2), 154-160, 2004
4 Sitzmann, B., Jendall, M., Watt, J. and Williams, I. : Characterization of airborne particles in London by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy. The Science of Total Environment, 241, 63-73, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Chan, L. Y., Lau, W. L., Lee, S. C. and Chan, C. Y. : Commuter exposure to particulate matter in public transportation modes in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 3363-3373, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Pastuszka, J. S., Paw, U. K. T., Lis, D. O., Wlazlo, A. and Ulfig. K. : Bacterial and fungal aerosol in indoor environment in Upper Silesia, Poland. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 3833-3842, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
7 곽현석, 진구원, 이성민, 양원수, 최상준, 박동욱 : 서울 지하철 5, 6, 7, 8호선 승무원석에서 모니터링한 $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}$, 이산화탄소, 일산화탄소 농도의 특성. 한국산업위생학회 하계학술발표회 논문집, 30-31, 2005
8 Donaldson, A. I. : Factors influencing the dispersal, survival and deposition of airborne pathogens of farm animals. Veterinary Bulletin, 48, 83-94, 1978
9 Robertson, J. H. and Frieben, W. R. : Microbial validation of ven filters. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 26, 828-835, 1984   DOI   ScienceOn
10 정윤희, 홍준배, 장윤희 : 생활환경과 실내 공기의 미생물학적 오염에 관한 연구. 한국환경위생학회지, 27(2), 1-9, 2001
11 Praml, G. and Schirl, R. : Dust exposure in the Munich public transportation: A comprehensive 4-year survey in buses and trams. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 73, 209-214, 2000   DOI
12 Furuya, K., Kudo, Y., Okinaga, K., Yamuki, M., Takahashi, S., Araki, Y. and Hisamatsu Y. : Seasonal variation and their characterization of suspended particulate matter in the air of subway stations. Soil and Environment Science, 19, 469-485, 2001
13 김윤신, 이은규, 엽무종, 김기영 : 다중이용시설에서의 실내공기중 미생물 분포에 관한 연구. 한국환경위생학회지, 28(1), 85-92, 2002
14 Wu, P. C., Su, H. J. and Lin, C. Y. : Characteristics of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi at suburban and urban homes in two seasons. The Science of Total Environment, 253, 111-118, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Nevalainen, A., Hyvarinen, A., Pasanen, A. and Reponen, T. : Fungi and bacteria in normal and mouldy dwellings. In: Samson, R.A., Flannigan, B., Flannigan, M.E., Verhoeff, A.P., Adan, O.C.G., Hoekstra, E.S. (Eds.), Health Implications of Fungi in Indoor Environments. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 155-162, 1994
16 Reponen, T. : Bioaerosol and particle mass levels and ventilation in Finish homes. Environment International, 15, 203-208, 1989   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Gorny, R. L., Dutkiewicz, J. and Krysinska-Traczyk, E. : Size distribution of bacterial and fungal b ioaerosols in indoor air. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 6, 105-113, 1999
18 김윤신, 신응배, 김신도, 김동술, 전준민 : 서울시 일부 지하철역내 대기오염물질에 대한 조사연구. 한국환경위생학회지, 20(1), 19-27, 1994
19 Chillrud, S. N., Grass, D., Ross, J. M., Coulibaly, D., Slavkovich, V., Epstein, D., Sax, S. N., Pederson, D., Johnson, D., Spengler, J. D., Kinney, P. L., Simpson, H. J. and Brandit-Rauf, P. : Steel dust in the New York c ity s ubway system a s a source o f manganese, chromium and iron exposures for transit workers. Journal of Urban Health, 82, 33-42, 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Rahkonen, P., Ettala, M., Laukkanen, M. and Salkinoja-Salonen, M. : Airborne microbes and endotoxins in the work environment of two sanitary landfills in Finland. Aerosol Science and Technology, 13, 505-513, 1990   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Fromm, H., Oddoy, A., Piltoy, M., Krause, M. and Lahrz, T. : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and diesel engine emission (Elemental carbon) inside a car and a subway train. The Science of Total Environment, 217, 165-173, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Gomez-Perales, J. E., Covile, R. N., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Fernandez-Brem, A., Gutierrez-Avedoy, V. J., Paramo-Figueroa, V. H., Blanco-Jimenez, S., Bueno-Lopez, E., Mandujano, F., Benabe-Cabanillas, R. and Ortiz-Segovia, E. : Commuters' exposure to PM2.5, CO and b enzene in pub lic t ransport in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1219-1229, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Otten, J. A. and Burge, H. A. : Bacteria. In: Macher, J. (Ed.), Bioaerosols, Assessment and control. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 200-214, 1999
24 Chan, L. Y., Lau, W. L., Zou, S. C., Cao, Z. X. and Lai, S. C. : Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 5831-5840, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Johansson, C. J. and Johansson, P. A. : Particulate matter in the underground in Stockholm. Atmospheric Environment, 37, 3-9, 2003   DOI
26 Birenzvige, A., Eversole, J., Seaver, M., Francesconi, S., Valdes, E. and Kulaga, H. : Aerosol characterisitcs in a subway environment. Aerosol Science and Technology, 37, 210-220, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Yu, I. J., Yoo, C. Y., Chung, Y. H., Han, J. H., Yhang, S. Y., Yu, G. M. and Song, K. S. : Asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway workers during renovation of subway air-conditioning systems. Environmental International, 29, 931-934, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
28 DeKoster, J. A. and Thorne, P. S. : Bioaerosol concentrations in noncomplaint, complaint and intervention homes in the Midwest. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 56, 576-580, 1995
29 김동술, 김신도, 김윤신, 신응배, 이태정 : 서울시 지하철역내 분진 오염원의 정량적 기여도의 결정. 대한환경공학회지, 16(3), 309-319, 1994
30 Gallup, J., Kozak, P., Cummins, L. and Gilman, S. : Indoors mold spore exposure: characteristics of 127 homes in Southern California with endogenous mold problems. Advance in Aerobiology, 51, 139-147, 1987
31 Aarnio, P., Yli-Tuomi, T., Kousa, A., Makela, T., Hirsikko, A., Hameri, K., Raisanen, M., Hillamo, R., Koskentalo, T. and Jantunen, M. : The concentrations and composition of and exposure to fine particles $(PM_{2.5})$ in the Helsinki subway system. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 5059-5066, 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Chillrud, S. N., Epstein, D., Ross, J. M., Sax, S. N., Pederson, D., Spengler, J. D. and Kinney, P. L. : Elevated airborne exposures of teenagers to manganese, chromium, and iron from steel dust and New York city's subway system. Environment and Science Technology, 38, 732-737, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
33 이태정, 김동술, 김신도, 김윤신, 신응배 : 서울시 지하철역의 분진의 농도분포 및 화학적 조성에 관한 연구. 대한환경공학회 춘계학술연구발표회 논문집, 53- 55, 1993
34 박동욱, 윤경섭, 박수택, 하권철 : 서울 일부 지하철 객차와 승강장에서 측정한 $PM_{10}과\;PM_{2.5}$ 농도의 특성. 한국환경보건학회지, 31(1), 1-8, 2005   과학기술학회마을
35 Fromme, H., Oddoy, A., Piloty, M., Krause, M. and Lahrza, T. : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and diesel engine emission (elemental carbon) inside a car and a subway train. The Science of Total Environment, 217, 165-173, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Adams, H. S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. and Colvile, R. N. : Determinants of fine particle personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments, London, UK. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 4557-4566, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn