• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.738-740
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• 2003

A method for identifying the released region and time of Asian dust using the long-range inverse transport model that traces the wind field in the backward direction from positions where Asian dust was observed is described. Initial conditions for the inverse transport simulation were obtained from the time variation of the density distribution of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the air measured at various places in Japan. Based on a concentration of trajectories of the air mass computed by the inverse transport model, the source region of Asian dust clouds observed at meteorological stations in Japan on March 17 to 18, 2002 was estimated. As a result, it was found that dust particles were released at about 6h on March 15 in the neighborhood of Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 1992

Saltation occurs in horizontal flow of solid and gas when the carrier gas velocity is small enough to permit enough to settling of the solid particles within the transport line. So we should examine the pneumatic flow system to lessen the unbured carbon in the power plant. In this paper the saltation velocity was studied on the various solid flow rate in the constant pipe diameter and on the various temperatures of the flow gas. The air velocity in the power plant transport lines was also surveyed in order to compare with the saltation velocity. As the solid flow rate increased in the constant diameter, saltation velocity increased and as the temperater of the flow gas inereased in the transport line, saltation velocity also increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.20-27
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• 2003

In this paper, the fuel transport characteristics during transient condition was studied by using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The quantitative measurement method for the inducted fuel mass into cylinder is studied. The inducted fuel mass into the cylinder was estimated by using calculated air-fuel ratio by hydrocarbon concentration of cylinder and air flow model. In order to estimate the transportation of injected fuel from the intake port into cylinder, the wall wetting fuel model was used. The two coefficient $\alpha$,$\beta$) of the wall-wetting fuel model was determined from the measured fuel mass that was inducted into the cylinder at the first cycle after injection cut-off To reduce an air/fuel ratio fluctuation during rapid throttle opening, the appropriate fuel injection rate was obtain from the wall wetting model with empirical coefficients. Result of air/fuel ratio control, air/fuel excursion was reduced.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2011

Haze phenomena were analyzed to assess the impact of long range transport process on the air quality of Seoul and Busan. We statistically classified haze days observed in both Seoul and Busan into two types of haze cases: stagnant case and long-range transport case, and analyzed the air pollutant levels comparatively for each of the two cases for the period of 2000~2007. The results showed that the long-range transport haze case occurs less frequently with the occurrence frequency of 35.5% than stagnant case with the occurrence frequency of 64.5%. During the observed all haze days, all pollutants have high concentration in comparison with those under other meteorological conditions (Rain, Mist, Dust, Clear, Rain+Mist) except for only $PM_{10}$ of Dust case where its level shows highest among total 6 categorized conditions. The long range transport haze case shows similar levels of $PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$, but higher $SO_2$ and lower $O_3$ compared with stagnant haze cases, suggesting the importance of sulfur chemistry for long range transport haze case and local photochemistry for stagnant haze case. In addition, by employing the NOAA/HYSPLIT-4 backward trajectory model, we subdivided the long range transport haze cases into two different sources: urban anthropogenic high emission areas of central China, and natural emission sources over north China and/or Mongolia. The former long range transport haze case shows higher occurrence (with Seoul 70% and Busan 85%) than the latter haze case (with Seoul 30% and Busan <10%). This is also implying that the long haze phenomena occurred over Korea have been influenced by not only the anthropogenic emissions but also the natural dust emissions. These both emission sources can be good contributors in calculating the source-receptor relationship over Korean atmospheric environment.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

In recent, a rapid growth of the air tourism and leisure industry and the massive amount of investing plan by the national government, the local authorities have drawn new investment of new market entrance companies and increasing investment of current companies which have been diversified their business area. Whereas, few research literature on the asset structure formation which is the base of investment activity has been studied. In this study, we suggest the results of the impact of the asset structure to the managerial outcomes by the analysis of the asset structure of air transport industry, the sea transport industry, and the ground passenger transport industry that have been representing of the air tourism and leisure industry. As results of this study, we suggest the reference point of future invest direction and the way of improving effectiveness of air tourism and leisure industry.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.371-388
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• 2016

International air transport for cargo services is a facilitator for various trade sectors and, by itself, an important service industry. Although international air cargo industry is expected to grow continuously, industry stakeholders complain about legal constraints in the industry and demand more liberalized regime. From its birth at the beginning of the 20th century, the airline industry was tightly regulated by governments with a strong tradition of protectionism. In the past few decades, however, protectionism in the airline industry has steadily declined. Indeed, the airline industry is largely in the process of liberalization. Interestingly, it has been easier to liberalize air cargo service than passenger service. Indeed, states have traditionally shown far more willingness to provide market access for foreign carriers carrying cargo than passengers. Given the impact of air cargo service in a state's wider economy and own characteristics of cargo services (i.e. air cargo traffic is inherently one-way, unlike passenger traffic, which tends to involve round trips), more liberalized approach is necessary for air cargo services. Among three approaches: bilateral, regional (block-based) and multilateral, it is desirable to adopt a multilateral treaty (a new multilateral all-cargo agreement) so as to harmonize and simplify complicated trade regulations on air cargo services.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.15
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• pp.9-34
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2005

This study is based on the assumption of surface transport linkages between Korea and China. Active economic cooperation between South Korea and North Korea are expected within the near future and Russia and China have interested in the land transport linkages in Korean peninsula. How much freight demands between the two countries that has been mainly dependent on air and sea transportation so far may convert the transport mode to surface transportation are estimated. Particularly, freight demands between South Korea and China's three northeast provinces are focused. The sensitivity analysis depends on transport time and transport cost changes is included. The modal shifts is estimated to be more sensitive to the changes in transport costs than those in transport time, suggesting the importance of transport costs of rail and road. Despite the dearth of data on the surface transport operation in North Korea, the attempts made in this study to estimate the demand conversion are hope to provide reference points for potential effects of the rail and road transport connections between China and the Korea peninsula before our discussions expand to the establishment of freight transport network of the northest Asia and, moreover, the Eurasian continent.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.5 no.1 s.14
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• pp.20-26
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• 2002

This study reports the analysis of the pressure drop characteristics for the air-particle flow in powder transport piping system. The pressure drop characteristics of air-particle flow in piping system is not well understood due to the complexity of particles motion mechanism. Particles or powders suspended in air flow cause the increase of the pressure drop and affect directly the transportation efficiency. In this study, the pressure drop in powder transport piping system with straight and curved pipes is analyzed for the interactions of air flow and particle motion. The total pressure drop increases with increasing of the pipe length, the mixture ratio, and the friction factor of particles due to the increasing friction loss by air and particles in a coal piping system. For the coal powders of $74{\mu}m$ size and powder-to-air mass mixture ratio of 0.667, the total pressure drop by the consideration of powders and air flow is $30\%$ higher than that of air flow only.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

Air transport today is a means of transport that is optimized for exchanges between nations. Around the world, has experienced an increase in operating and the number of airline route expansion that has entered into the international aviation agreements in order to take advantage of the air transport efficient, but the possibility of the occurrence of air transport accidents increased. When compared to the accident of other means of transport, development of air transport accidents, not high, but it leads to catastrophe aviation accident occurs. Air Transport accident many international transportation accident than domestic transportation accident, in the event of an accident, the analysis of the legal responsibility of the shipper or the like is necessary or passenger air carrier. Judgment of the legal order of discipline of air transport accident is a classification of the type of air transport agreement. Depending on the object, air transport agreements are classified into the contract of carriage of aviation of the air passenger transportation contract. For casualties occurs, air passenger transportation accident is a need more discussion of legal discipline for this particular. Korean Commercial Code, it is possible to reflect in accordance with the actual situation of South Korea the contents of the treaty, which is utilized worldwide in international air transport, even on the system, to control land, sea, air transport and welcoming to international standards. However, Korean Commercial Code, the problem of the Montreal Convention has occurred as it is primarily reflecting the Montreal Convention. As a cause of liability for damages, under the Commercial Code of Korea and the contents of the treaty precedent is reflected, the concept of accident is necessary definition of the exact concept for damages of passengers in particular. Cause of personal injury or death of passengers, in the event of an accident to the "working for the elevation" or "aircraft" on, the Montreal Convention is the mother method of Korea Commercial Code, liability for damages of air carrier defines. The Montreal Convention such, continue to be a matter of debate so far in connection with the scope of "working for the lifting of" the concepts defined in the same way from Warsaw Convention "accident". In addition, it is discussed and put to see if you can be included mental damage passenger suffered in air transport in the "personal injury" in the damage of the passenger is in the range of damages. If the operation of aircraft, injury accident, in certain circumstances, compensation for mental damage is possible, in the same way as serious injury, mental damage caused by aviation accidents not be able to live a normal life for the victim it is damage to make. So it is necessary to interpret and what is included in the injury to the body in Korea Commercial Code and related conventions, non-economic damage of passengers, clearly demonstrated from the point of view of prevention of abuse of litigation and reasonable protection of air carrier it must compensate only psychological damage that can be. Since the compensation of delay damages, Warsaw Convention, the Montreal Convention, Korea Commercial Code, there are provisions of the liability of the air carrier due to the delayed arrival of passenger and baggage, but you do not have a reference to delayed arrival, the concept of delay arrangement is necessary. The strict interpretation of the concept of delayed arrival, because it may interfere with safe operation of the air carrier, within the time agreed to the airport of arrival that is described in the aviation contract of carriage of passenger baggage, or, these agreements I think the absence is to be defined as when it is possible to consider this situation, requests the carrier in good faith is not Indian or arrive within a reasonable time is correct. The loss of passenger, according to the international passenger Conditions of Carriage of Korean Air, in addition to the cases prescribed by law and other treaties, loss of airline contracts, resulting in passengers from a service that Korean Air and air transport in question do damage was is, that the fact that Korean Air does not bear the responsibility as a general rule, that was caused by the negligence or intentional negligence of Korean Air is proof, negligence of passengers of the damage has not been interposed bear responsibility only when it is found. It is a clause in the case of damage that is not mandated by law or treaty, and responsible only if the negligence of the airline side has been demonstrated, but of the term negligence "for" intentional or negligent "Korean Air's Terms" I considered judgment of compatibility is required, and that gross negligence is appropriate. The "Korean Air international passenger Conditions of Carriage", airlines about the damage such as electronic equipment that is included in the checked baggage of passengers does not bear the responsibility, but the loss of baggage, international to arrive or depart the U.S. it is not the case of transportation. Therefore, it is intended to discriminate unfairly passengers of international flights arriving or departure to another country passengers of international flights arriving or departure, the United States, airlines will bear the responsibility for the goods in the same way as the contents of the treaty it should be revised in the direction.