• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.555-560
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• 2008

Air logistics is getting growing continuously because customers need to increase rapidity and accuracy, but it isn't enough to study the process about air logistics in South Korea. We analyze the AS-IS process and problems by studying previous documents and researching in this field. We offer how to adopt the ways that are solutions concerning AS-IS process and benchmarking e-freight of IATA. Our suggestion reduces stakehoders' work load by using integrated system. We believe it will contribute to improve air logistics process by making simple the process.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 1998

Recently. the interest in Physical distribution has increased in economic geography This paper aims to review and prospect the internatonal physical distribution studies of international trade and international freight flows. And it has examined the changes in methodology of international physical distribution. Author has defined international physical distribution as the physical distribution of international trade and international freight flow The results are as follows : (1) As the methodology of international physical distribution studies developes, the physical distribution should be recognized not only as transportation phenomenon but also as total logistics which is understood as the combination of production and consumption including information flow. (2) The studies about model of international physical distribution flow ill need to study regional relations including urban, in the future. And economic geography and location theory adding culture and behaviour elements will be restructured, because not only state but also multinational corporation appear as trade subject in global economy. (3) The studies for the relation of habor and its hinterland in Physical distribution need to analyze the factors causing habor use with decision-making behaviour of corporation. (4) After oil crisis. as air freight is important, the studies for hinterland and foreland of freight centering international airport are needed because of necessity of light and small freight. flexible Production system, free trade, and high speed freight transportation of freshing food and flowers and so forth.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

The air traffic industry, one of Korea's major industries, has recently experienced increased demand from overseas air passengers, launched a low-cost airline, and increased special freight transportation capacity. These initiatives have had a positive impact on air traffic (for example, profitability); however, air traffic management has become more complex, which has increased the incidence of aviation accidents and created safety hazards. There is an increasing need to collect and analyze aviation data that can proactively respond to aviation accidents. Concatenation of collected aviation data as big data and the development of artificial intelligence technology are gradually expanding aviation safety event analysis from conventional statistical analysis to machine learning-based analysis. This paper surveys the trends of flight safety event analysis to derive aviation safety risk factors by looking at the types and characteristics of aviation data that can be used to predict accidents related to safety in aviation operations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to estimate Korean transportation service index (KTSI), and to explore possible uses of the KTSI. The KTSI was monthly index to represent the level of passenger and freight services by road, railroad, air and maritime modes, which was developed from eight series. Four of these series measure the level of passenger services (passenger-kilometers) by road, railroad. air and maritime modes : monthly data from January 1995 to December 2004. Similarly. the remaining four series measure the level or freight activity (tonnage) by four modes during the same period. Given the weights of modal revenues, component series were aggregated into two indexes (passenger index and freight index) and a composite index using Chained Fisher Ideal index. which was a geometric mean of the Laspeyres index and the Passche index. The Fisher Ideal index is one of the 'superlative' indexes, which diminish 'substitution bias' as current-weighted indexes. As a result, the freight index and the composite index explain economic conditions better than the passenger index. Based on the composite index. the newly estimated KTSI shows an average lag time of one and a half years at peaks and three months at troughs in comparison with domestic business cycles. Nonetheless. the following efforts are needed for more credible and useful estimates; establishment of data collection scheme in time. credibility uplift of used data, development of various indexation methods.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-92
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to research the requirements and effect of the document of carriage in respect of the carriage of cargo by air under the Montreal Convention of 1999, IATA Conditions of Carriage for Cargo, and the judicial precedents of Korea and foreign countries. Under the Article 4 of Montreal Convention, in respect of the carriage of cargo, an air waybill shall be delivered. If any other means which preserves a record of the carriage are used, the carrier shall, if so requested by the consignor, deliver to the consignor a cargo receipt. Under the Article 7 of Montreal convention, the air waybill shall be made out by the consignor. If, at the request of the consignor, the carrier makes it out, the carrier shall be deemed to have done so on behalf of the consignor. The air waybill shall be made out in three original parts. The first part shall be marked "for the carrier", and shall be signed by the consignor. The second part shall be marked "for the consignee", and shall be signed by the consignor and by the carrier. The third part shall be signed by the carrier who shall hand it to the consignor after the goods have been accepted. Under the Article 5 of Montreal Convention, the air waybill or the cargo receipt shall include (a) an indication of the places of departure and destination, (b) an indication of at least one agreed stopping place, (c) an indication of the weight of the consignment. Under the Article 10 of Montreal Convention, the consignor shall indemnify the carrier against all damages suffered by the carrier or any other person to whom the carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the particulars and statement furnished by the consignor or on its behalf. Under the Article 9 of Montreal Convention, non-compliance with the Article 4 to 8 of Montreal Convention shall not affect the existence of the validity of the contract, which shall be subject to the rules of Montreal Convention including those relating to limitation of liability. The air waybill is not a document of title or negotiable instrument. Under the Article 11 of Montreal Convention, the air waybill or cargo receipt is prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract, of the acceptance of the cargo and of the conditions of carriage. Under the Article 12 of Montreal Convention, if the carrier carries out the instructions of the consignor for the disposition of the cargo without requiring the production of the part of the air waybill or the cargo receipt, the carrier will be liable, for any damage which may be accused thereby to any person who is lawfully in possession of that part of the air waybill or the cargo receipt. According to the precedent of Korea Supreme Court sentenced on 22 July 2004, the freight forwarder as carrier was not liable for the illegal delivery of cargo to the notify party (actual importer) on the air waybill by the operator of the bonded warehouse because the freighter did not designate the boned warehouse and did not hold the position of employer to the operator of the bonded warehouse. In conclusion, as the Korea Customs Authorities will drive the e-Freight project for the carriage of cargo by air, the carrier and freight forwarder should pay attention to the requirements and legal effect of the electronic documentation of the carriage of cargo by air.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.383-387
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• 2008

Nowadays, the tendency of world air cargo is noteworthy and air traffic in terms of cargo throughput will no doubt grow significantly in the new Region, with India and China's booming economy and the upcoming Olympics 2008. For example, in the first 11 months of 2006 cargo traffic was increased by 6.3%. First of all, the market of air cargo in Korea grows very quickly and diversifies. It is an essential factor in the process of development of Northeast-Asia as a hub for Air Cargo logistics. However the process of air cargo in Korea is complex as compared with other north-east asia nations. At the same time, it has many problems and causes inconvenience to owners of freight. This paper investigated the process of air cargo in Korea now and analyzed problems of the process. We emphasize that 4PL is the excellent solution from among many alternatives. It is also worthy of notice that EPCglobal network strengthen the role of 4PL. In conclusion, the 4PL system based on EPCglobal network will result in a good success, so it will raise a prestige of air cargo in Korea to a higher position.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2008

The portion of air logistics is getting growing in the global logistics and customer need the rapidity and accuracy for freight delivery. But, the process of air logistics is so complicated because there are too many stakeholders involved in the process. So we suggest the way to make simple the process for improving ability of handling air freights. First, we analyze the AS-IS process and problems by studying previous documents and researching the field. Also we offer how to adopt the ways that are solutions concerning AS-IS process. Second, we suggest integrated information system that will make it simple the air logistics process and mitigate the intensive work load of air cargo. Also we show the reliance about our suggestion by simulation comparing TO-BE process to AS-IS process. We result in that this study will contribute to improve air logistics process by making simple the process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.143-153
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• 2006

This paper annually estimates the economies of density, scale and scope with the data of cost and output of 27 leading air carriers to suggest the political findings and strategies of raising the cost efficiency of our air transport industry. The estimation results and their implications are as follows. First, KAL and Aha would reduce their cost if they could increase international route density. Second, KAL and AAR would reduce their cost if they could expand the network but save their cost more effectively if they could increase international route density rather than expand the network. Third, the minimum efficient scale that minimize average cost of two national flag carriers which operate by the present output ratio among domestic passenger, international passenger and freight appears to be larger than each present output level of KAL and AAR. Meanwhile, it appears that minimum efficient scale of small size low cost carriers which operate domestic-oriented route is much smaller than minimum efficient scale of national flag carriers. Finally, it appears that there exists the diseconomies of scope between domestic passenger and the other outputs, that is, international passenger and freight and therefore save their cost if freight output ratio is higher and domestic passenger output ratio is lower than the Present level.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.503-509
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• 2004

With modem computational fluid dynamics method (CFD), air-charging models of the air brake pipe system and auxiliary reservoir are built. Compared with one-dimension model, no empirical formula is introduced to solve branch pipe fields for two-dimension model. A modified operator-splitting method is presented to solve the coupled equations of pressure and velocity, and numerical simulation shows that it is very stable. Compare the numerical results with empirical data of heavy haul trains in home and abroad so as to prove the correctness of the theory and algorithm presented. This paper gives theoretic reference to the experiments of braking effects of heavy haul trains, and forms a basis for development of complete freight train air brake system simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.175-180
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• 2020

In this study, the freight vehicles were modelled and the flow analysis on the existence or non-existence of a cargo container and the wind deflector were carried out. Based on the driving speed of 100 km/hr, at all models A, B and C, the highest flow rate was shown between 58 m/s and 59 m/s at the top of the model shape. All models A, B and C showed the highest pressure of air resistance between 652Pa and 671Pa at the front of the model geometry. The maximum pressure of model A is considered to be the smallest, with the least flow resistance to speed compared to models B and C. Therefore, it can be seen that model A has an advantageous condition for air resistance in terms of fuel costs. Unlike model B which causes the rapid flow resistance at the cargo compartment, model C can be found to flow a little more smoothly on the streamlined wind deflector. So, the flow air at a streamlined shape is considered to be more advantageous in terms of air resistance than at angular shape. By applying the research analysis result on the air flow in driving according to a cargo container and the wind deflector, it is seen that this study is adequate at the practical efficient design and aesthetic convergence.