• 천문학논총
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.62-75
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• 1991

The small sized telescope can be best used if the control and observation can be made remotely and fully automatically by the aid of computers. We discuss the possible ways of automating the existing telescopes of various designs using personal computers. 'We have specifically designed the parts necessary to automate 16 inch Cassegrain Telescope at Pusan University Observatory. The degree of automation we have set for the present work is the interactive. remote observation including opening and shutting down of dome slit. The observational modes we have in mind are photoelectric photometry and CCD imaging. The basic components of the hardware are interface card for 16 or 32 bit IBM PC family of computers, relay switches for the control of telescope movements, stepping motor controller card for the control of observational equipments, and AID converter unit that accepts signal from sensors for the environment conditions such as temperature, wind speeds, precipitation, etc. We also have designed and built a photoelectric photometer that can be fully controlled by the command of a computer. Such observational equipment is also essential in order that the remote observation can be realized.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2001

The consequence of water system closure and reduced water consumption in Paper Mills is increased white-water conductivity associated with increased total dissolved solids. This leads to difficulties man-aging the wet end chemistry of paper machines, mainly due to stearic hindrance effects on wet end chemical additives. This in turn causes poor productivity and Inefficient chemicals usage. The success of a number of projects is reported. The application and development of new multi-component micro-particle systems which can further assist in achieving a significant degree of system closure or Zero Effluent is described.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1971

This experiment was conducted, how making use of "Seracol 100", a kind of nonionic surface active reagent, during cocoon cooking and silk reeling process which is mainly used in Korea and developed by one of the authors since 1965. Main purpose of the experiment is to investigate the influence of the activity of the reelability aid reagent on various degree of hardness component and various salts which are contained in filature water being used by silk factories now. Specifically, it was tried to determine the effects of the reelability aid reagent added to each sample water of artificially differentiated the degree of hardness component upon sericin solubility. Some of the major findings are summarized as follows. 1. "Seracol 100", with below 5$^{\circ}$dH water, increased sericin solubility in each sample water, but above $10^{\circ}$dH the effect of it shows a significant relationship with the different degree of hardness component. Besides the component (MgCO$_3$)$_4$ㆍMg(OH)$_2$, generally, the higher the degree of hardness in the water, the less the amount of desolved sericin in the water showed. There is little or no difference between 1000 times diluted "Seracol 100" water and 2000 times diluted "Seracol 100" water in terms of sericin solubility. 2. The different kind of degree of hardness component shows a significant relationship with sericin solubility, In case use of "Seracol 100", Mg hardness component affected on the sericin solubility more than Ca hardness. But in the control, contrary to this, that is Ca hardness component did more than Mg hardness, 3. The different kind of salts in degree of hardness component show a significant relationship with sericin solubility. In the control water, nitrate is the greatest among salts affecting on sericin solubility, next chloride and sulfate are in order. In case of "Seracol 100" water, chloride is the least among salts, below $10^{\circ}$dH, next sulfate and nitrate are in order, and above 15$^{\circ}$dH, next nitrate and sulfate are in order. 4. In case of "Seracol 100" water, the more contained heavy metal salts (Fe, Al, Cu, Mn) in the water, the less sericin solubility showed. It is found that there is little or no difference among other salts in terms of sericin solubility. But alkaline metal salt remarkably increased sericin solubility. 5. In case of "Seracol 100" water, tinting of the water was affected by Ca salts more than by Mg salts. Among other salts, only Al and Fe affected on the tinting of the water, specifically, in view of the fact that "Seracol 100" water increase the tinting of Fe salt water, but decrease the tinting of raw silk. It is thought that "Seracol 100" deter Fe$^{+2}$ from absorbing to raw silk by deteriorating the activity of Fe$^{+2}$ . 6. "Seracol 100" have the effect on osmosis of the water, After treatment until 2hrs the osmosis of 1000 times diluted "Seracol 100" water is the greatest, next orders are 2000 times diluted "Seracol 100" and control. From 2 hrs to 6 hrs the osmosis of 2000 times diluted water is the greatest, next orders are 1000 times diluted water and control. After 6 hrs the osmosis of the water is the same order as above. 7. In view of tile fact that "Seracol 100" have the effect to control the degree of hardness during the treatment of cocoon layer in the water, it is thought that, in varying degree of hardness in the water, there is a significant relationship between "Seracol 100" and degree of hardness components in cocoon layer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2014

Cold expansion is an efficient way to improve the fatigue life of an open hole. In this paper, three finite element models have been established to bind the crack growth from an expanded hole and simulated. Expansion and its degree influence are studied using a numerical analysis. Stress intensity factors are determined and used to evaluate the fatigue life. Residual stress field is evaluated using a nonlinear analysis and superposed with the applied stresses field in order to estimate fatigue crack growth. Experimental tests are conducted under constant loading. Results of this investigation indicate expansion and its degree are beneficial to fatigue life and a good agreement was observed between FEM simulations and experimental results.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to obtain the data for age determination following the calcification degree of the third molar in the point of forensic odontology. The orthopantomograms of 1399 male and 2517 female ranging from 7 to 22 years of age were studied. The developmental state of the third molar was divided into 12 stages following the calcification degree and the mean ages of stage was obtained and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. There was remarkable correlation between the development of the third molar and age. 2. There was no significant developmental difference between the right and left third molar. 3. The development of the third molar presents difference between the male and female in the crown formation stages, but it was retarded in female than male in the root formation stages. 4. At the age under 20 years, we can determine the age within the range of * 2 years by means of orthopantomogram.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2001

The importance of development of occupational safety index is truly great. It will contribute to the wise direction of safety program. In present, frequency and severity ratios were the standard measure. These terms express the incidence of major injuries and severity of the major injuries experience, each with relation to the employee-hours of work exposure during the period that is measured. But these measure don't expressed the dangerous feeling degree of worker. In this study, Effective Industrial Safety Index(EISI) was developed using dangerous feeling degree of worker, frequency of injuries, and severity of injury. EISI can be used as an aid for effective safety management in workplace.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aims to examine characteristics and actual conditions of patients using emergency room at farming and fishing villages, solve overcrowding of emergency room at the tertiary hospital and activate local emergency clinics. Methods: It examines department of diagnosis and treatment, vehicles used, sex, age, residential area, visit hour, length of stay, presence or absence of trauma, measures after first aid and degree of severity based on medical records of 6,740 patients using emergency room at farming and fishing villages from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2005. Conclusion : 1. Sex distribution of patients of emergency room was male 54.9% and female 45.1% and age distribution between over 40 and below 50 was most as 15.9%. 2. Transport means to emergency room were 91.4 of private car and others (public transport and going on foot), 7.5 of 119, 129 and police car and 1.0% of ambulance. 3. According to distribution of residential areas of emergency patients, 38.9% were Eup area, 42.1% Myeon area, 11.4% distant area and 7.5% adjacent area. 4. According to distribution of emergency patients by department of diagnosis and treatment, internal medicine was most as 35.8% and 55% of patients visited emergency room from 3:31 p.m. to 11:30 p.m.. 5. According to total hours of diagnosis and treatment of subjects, 51.2% were within 30min. and cases of non-trauma disease were 68.2%. 6. According to degree of emergency of emergency patients, non-emergency cases were 65.3%, urgent cases 27.7% and emergency cases 7.0% and 74.2% of patients returned home after first aid and 20.6% of them hospitalized. In conclusion, characteristics and diversification of patients should be examined and efforts by government and local medical institutions which must organize emergency system and facility and personnel levels suitable to regional conditions are needed in order to prevent overcrowding of emergency center of the tertiary hospital and activate local emergency center.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2009

Purpose: Numerous experimental studies have shown the benefits of treating thermal burns by cooling. Nevertheless, few studies have shown the clinical effect of cooling therapy on thermal burns. This study aimed to identify the clinical effect of immediate cooling therapy. Methods: The research was conducted as a retrospective, case-control study. All patients had thermal injuries characterized as a superficial second-degree burn. In the cooling group, 14 patients had first-aid cooling therapy delivered by either parents, caregivers, general practitioners, local hospitals, and/or Myongji hospital. Included in the study were 22 control patients who were not treated with any cooling therapies. Other clinical factors, such as age, sex, cause of burn injury, and burn area (Total Body Surface Area %), were taken into consideration. The duration of treatment was defined as the time from the occurrence of the injury to the presence of complete re-epithelialization, as confirmed by two surgeons. Results: The duration of treatment in the cooling group was significantly less than that the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Cooling therapy as an initial emergent treatment is clinically effective for superficial second-degree burn injuries.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.115-116
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• 2017

According to the experimental results of researchers recently seen, there is a case where a significant difference between data of several reports and measured powder is detected, and concrete examination on this is necessary. In this study, we compare the actual powdered degree of powdered aid on the report against 20 OPCs that are actually being brought into the raw concrete plant, and the OPC powder also influences the difference of OPC powder's strength characteristics on hardened mortar Was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, doubts were raised on the reliability of the OPC powder degree described on the certificate, and the bending and compressive strength tended to increase as the degree of fineness of the measured OPC increased.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

Although the government financial aid is insufficient and the lack of programs and facilities prevent it from developing and activation in the rural local society, welfare centers for the aged are formed an ever-greater part of the leisure and welfare facility for the aged in rural areas. As a result, the objectives of this study are to investigate and identify the actual conditions of use by the aged and the degree of satisfaction for welfare centers for the aged in Uiseong district. The results of this study are as follows. In the survey sample characteristics based on a total of 303 survey, the percentage of women (55.2%) was much higher than men (44.8%), average age is 73.3 years old. According to the results of the analysis, most important motivation is for health and making friends, and major useful facilities and programs are related to physical activities, sing a song and rehabilitation. From the results of the overall satisfaction, positive promotions and sufficient aid are required for the aged in the rural local society. Further any programs developed internally are required to promote and activate the leisure activity programs for the aged.