• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to confirm the stability of bar gene introduced into petunia plant through Agrobacerium-mediated transformation. Twenty-five transgenic plants T$_{0}$ plants, back cross (BC$_1$) populations to wild type and F$_1$plants between different T$_{0}$ plants were prepared, and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), PCR-Southern blot analysis, and field test with 0.1% Basta treatment were done. The results of PCR, PCR-Southern blot hybridization, and field test indicated that NPTII and bar gene introduced into the genome of petuina plants were stably transmitted to their progenies, and conferred the plants resistance to herbicide, Basta.sta.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2008

Three Arabidopsis cDNAs, MAM1, CYP79F1, and CYP83A1, required for aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were introduced into Chinese cabbage by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The transgenic lines overexpressing MAM1 or CYP83A1 showed wild-type phenotypes. However, all the lines overexpressing CYP79F1 displayed phenotypes different from wild type with respect to the stem thickness as well as leaf width and shape. Glucosinolate contents of the transgenic plants were compared with those of wild type. In the MAM1 line M1-1, accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin significantly increased. In the CYP83A1 line A1-1, all the aliphatic glucosinolate levels were increased, and the levels of gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin were elevated by 4.5 and 2 fold, respectively. The three CYP79F1 transgenic lines exhibited dissimilar glucosinolate profiles. The F1-1 line accumulated higher levels of gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. However, F1-2 and F1-3 lines demonstrated a decrease in the levels of gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin and an increased level of 4-hydroxy glucobrassicin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.505-514
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• 2022

Background: The roots of Panax ginseng contain two types of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins, namely, protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type saponins and protopanaxatiol (PPT)-type saponins. In P. ginseng, the protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase (PPT synthase) enzyme catalyses protopanaxatriol (PPT) production from protopanaxadiol (PPD). In this study, we constructed homozygous mutant lines of ginseng by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the PPT synthase gene and obtained the mutant ginseng root lines having complete depletion of the PPT-type ginsenosides. Methods: Two sgRNAs (single guide RNAs) were designed for target mutations in the exon sequences of the two PPT synthase genes (both PPTa and PPTg sequences) with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transgenic ginseng roots were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The mutant lines were screened by ginsenoside analysis and DNA sequencing. Result: Ginsenoside analysis revealed the complete depletion of PPT-type ginsenosides in three putative mutant lines (Cr4, Cr7, and Cr14). The reduction of PPT-type ginsenosides in mutant lines led to increased accumulation of PPD-type ginsenosides. The gene editing in the selected mutant lines was confirmed by targeted deep sequencing. Conclusion: We have established the genome editing protocol by CRISPR/Cas9 system in P. ginseng and demonstrated the mutated roots producing only PPD-type ginsenosides by depleting PPT-type ginsenosides. Because the pharmacological activity of PPD-group ginsenosides is significantly different from that of PPT-group ginsenosides, the new type of ginseng mutant producing only PPD-group ginsenosides may have new pharmacological characteristics compared to wild-type ginseng. This is the first report to generate target-induced mutations for the modification of saponin biosynthesis in Panax species using CRISPR-Cas9 system.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 2012

작물의 수확량이나 병 저항성을 증가시키는 형질전환 식물체 개발은 세계 식량 부족을 해결하는 좋은 방법이다. 하지만 항생제나 제초제의 사용은 형질전환 작물의 안전에 대해서 일반 사람들의 심각한 우려를 초래한다. 본 연구에서는, 아그로박테리움을 이용한 동시 형질전환 방법을 이용하여 한국의 밀 재배종인 '조경밀'의 유전자인, 고분자 글루테닌 서브유닛[high molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS)] $D{\times}5$가 삽입된 마커프리 형질전환벼를 개발하였다. 각각 $D{\times}5$ 유전자와 하이그로마이신(HPTII) 저항성 유전자만으로 구성된 두 종류의 발현 카셋트(Two expression cassettes)를 독립적으로 아그로박테리움 EHA105에 도입하였고, $D{\times}5$와 HPTII가 도입된 각각의 EHA105 아그로박테리움을 3:1 비율로 혼합하여 벼 캘러스에 접종하였다. 66개의 HPTII 저항성 형질전환체 중에서 벼 게놈에 $D{\times}5$와 HPTII가 모두 삽입된 2개의 형질전환 라인을 획득하였다. $D{\times}5$와 HPTII가 벼 게놈에 도입된 것을 Southern blot을 통해서 다시 확인하였다. 또한, semi-quantitative RT-PCR을 통해 형질전환벼 $T_1$ 세대 종자의 밀 $D{\times}5$ 전사여부를 확인하였고 결국, $D{\times}5$ 유전자만을 가지는 마커프리 형질전환벼를 $T_1$ 세대에서 선발할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 두 종류의 발현 카셋트를 사용한 아그로박테리움 동시 접종 시스템이 마커프리 형질전환벼를 생산하기 위한 효과적인 전략이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2000

Amaranthus hypochondriacus의 저장 단백질을 encoding 하는 AmA1 유전자를 RT-PCR 방법을 이용하여 분리하고 특성화하였다. AmAl 유전자를 담배에 형질전환 시키기 위해 CaMV 35S promoter와 3'NOS를 가지고 있는 식물 발현 vector에 subcloning 하고 이 재조합 vector를 이용하여 Agrobacterium-mediated형질전환 방법을 이용하여 담배에 도입시켰다 신초는 0.1 mg/L NAA, 1.0 mg/L BA, 100 mg/L kanamycin 그리고 250 mg/L cefotaxime이 첨가된 MS 선발 배지에서 선발했고, 선발된 신초는 식물 생장 조절제를 첨가 하지 않고 200 mg/L kanamycin과 250 mg/L cefotaxime이 첨가된 MS배지에서 뿌리를 유도하였다. 선발된 담배의 게놈내의 AmA1 유전자의 존재는 PCR 방법과 hybridization을 이용하여 확인되었고, AmA1 유전자의 발현은 RT-PCR방법과 Southern blot hybridization을 사용하여 확인되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2004

복합스트레스 내성 유전자 NDP kinase 2 유전자를 도입시킨 형질전환 감자를 개발하기 위하여 이 유전자를 산화스트레스에 의해 발현이 강하게 유도되는 SWPA2 프로모터 또는 enhanced CaMV 35S 프로모터에 연결한 벡터를 제작한 후 각각 Agrobacterium 매개로 형질전환 하였다. 기관발생 경로에 의해 kanamycin 저항성 식물체를 재분화 시킨 후 Southern 분석으로 외래 유전자가 안정적으로 감자 게놈내로 삽입되었음을 확인하였다. 형질전환 감자 식물체의 잎 조직을 대상으로 10 $\mu$M methyl viologen에 대한 내성 검정을 조사하여 산화스트레스 내성 형질전환 감자 식물체를 2 개체씩 선발하였다. 선발된 식물체는 건조, 고온 등의 여러 가지 환경스트레스 내성 분석을 실시할 예정이며 이로부터 복합재해에 내성을 지닌 감자 품종을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2008

Indole glucosinolates (IG) play important roles in plant defense, plant-insect interactions, and stress responses in plants. In an attempt to metabolically engineer the IG pathway flux in Chinese cabbage, three important Arabidopsis cDNAs, CYP79B2, CYP79B3, and CYP83B1, were introduced into Chinese cabbage by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of CYP79B3 or CYP83B1 did not affect IG accumulation levels, and overexpression of CYP79B2 or CYP79B3 prevented the transformed callus from being regenerated, displaying the phenotype of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) overproduction. However, when CYP83B1 was overexpressed together with CYP79B2 and/or CYP79B3, the transformed calli were regenerated into whole plants that accumulated higher levels of glucobrassicin, 4-hydroxy glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin than wild-type controls. This result suggests that the flux in Chinese cabbage is predominantly channeled into IAA biosynthesis so that coordinate expression of the two consecutive enzymes is needed to divert the flux into IG biosynthesis. With regard to IG accumulation, overexpression of all three cDNAs was no better than overexpression of the two cDNAs. The content of neoglucobrassicin remained unchanged in all transgenic plants. Although glucobrassicin was most directly affected by overexpression of the transgenes, elevated levels of the parent IG, glucobrassicin, were not always accompanied by increases in 4-hydroxy and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. However, one transgenic line producing about 8-fold increased glucobrassicin also accumulated at least 2.5 fold more 4-hydroxy and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. This implies that a large glucobrassicin pool exceeding some threshold level drives the flux into the side chain modification pathway. Aliphatic glucosinolate content was not affected in any of the transgenic plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.818-823
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• 2012

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool season forage plant that is not well suited to extreme heat, salts, or heavy metals. To develop transgenic tall fescue plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress, we introduced an alfalfa Hsp23 gene expression vector construct through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration and expression of the transgene were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, northern blot, and western blot analyses. Under normal growth conditions, there was no significant difference in the growth of the transgenic plants and the non-transgenic controls. However, when exposed to various stresses such as salt or arsenic, transgenic plants showed a significantly lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than control plants. The reduced accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances indicates that the transgenic plants possessed a more efficient reactive oxygen species-scavenging system. We speculate that the high levels of MsHsp23 proteins in the transgenic plants protect leaves from oxidative damage through chaperon and antioxidant activities. These results suggest that MsHsp23 confers abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tall fescue and may be useful in developing stress tolerance in other crops.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the efficiency of the protocol of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber to introduce phytoene synthase-2a carotene desaturase (PAC genes); 2) demonstrate the integration of PAC genes into the genome of putative transgenic cucumber based on growth on selection medium, PCR and Southern analysis; 3) evaluate the expression of PAC genes in transgenic cucumber based on the analysis of RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization. Out of 5,945 cotyledonary-node explants inoculated with Agrobacterium, 65 (1.1%) explants produced 238 shoots. Integration of PAC genes into the genome of the cucumber was demonstrated based on the analysis of gDNA-PCR, 21 out of the 238 plants regenerated; while 6 plants proved positive for Southern blot hybridization. Transgene expression was demonstrated based on analysis of RT-PCR, 6 plants proved positive out of the 6 plants analyzed; while 4 plants out of 6 proved positive during Northern blot hybridization. This study successfully demonstrated the production of transgenic cucumber, integration, and expression of the PAC gene in cucumber.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

본 연구는 대목용으로 이용되는 박에 있어서 형질전환에 이용 가능한 품종을 선발하고 재분화 효율 및 형질전환 효율을 높이기 위하여 수행되었다. 3 mg/L BA가 첨가된 MS배지에서 덩굴마름병 저항성 순계계통의 평균 신초형성 수는 0 ~ 7.3개였으며 3종류의 상용 품종의 신초형성 수는 2.0 ~ 6.5개였다. 덩굴마름병 저항성 순계 계통의 재분화율은 품종 간 편차가 상용품종에 비하여 컸다. 형질전환 효율을 검정하기 위해 GFP와 gus발현을 조사한 결과 공동배양 과정 중에 GFP가 67%와 100% 로 높은 일시적인 발현을 보였다. 식물체 재분화는 BA와 2.4-D를 조합한 배지조합에서 자엽의 절단부위에서 신초가 발생하였으며, 4주 후 BA를 단독으로 1 mg/L 처리한 배지에서 한 개의 절편체에서 발생하는 신초의 개수 및 신초의 신장도 좋았다. 캘러스의 발생은 1 mg/L BA와 2,4-D를 0.1 mg 첨가한 배지에서 가장 활발하게 분화하였다.