• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.636-641
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• 2017

Water is an essential resource for human survival. According to the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050, rapid industrialization and a global population increase by approximately two billion will likely increase global water use by 55% in 2050. However, water depletion has been getting worse than before and has been happening more quickly, as Earth's water resources are limited. The present study proposes water management measures by using the virtual water theory which enables water consumption measurement and the confirmation and recognition of water scarcity problems, and will support the development of counter-measures. As a method for estimating the value of agricultural water, virtual water theory was used to calculate the amount of agricultural water input for domestic rice and to apply prices of agricultural water in the United States and China to Korean water prices. When the Chinese price was applied to Korean water prices, the value of agricultural water represented 0.3% of the Korean rice producer's price. When the US price was applied to Korean water prices, the value of agricultural water represented 1.6% of the domestic rice producer's price. The study exposes the percentage of the value of agricultural water in agricultural product prices, as well as how this scare resource may affect future prices. In the future, if there are water charges to effectively manage agricultural water, this study, which uses the virtual water theory, can be used as a preliminary research.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative enzymes and isozymes between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible varieties at the booting stage under cold water stress $(13^{\circ}C)$ in japonica rice. Total SOD, CAT, POX, and GR activities on the basis of protein were found to be important factors to defend cold water stress. Especially, SOD and CAT activities showed distinctive differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible varieties. Chilling-tolerant varieties were higher than chilling-susceptible varieties for SOD and CAT activities. One of eight isozyme bands for SOD was a inducible isoform. Three isozymes for CAT and one isozyme for POX were closely correlated with defense to cold water stress. Total GR activities except Stejaree 45 on the basis fresh weight and POX were increased by cold water stress, but there was no difference between chilling-tolerant and -sus­ceptible varieties.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2022

Water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows wild throughout Korea. As of 2020, 24,819 tons (51.7% of open field, 48.3% of facility) are produced in 1,278 ha (59.9% of open field, 40.1% of facility) nationwide. Water dropwort, which is rich in nutrients such as vitamins and iron, is mainly cultivated by vegetative propagation method using local traditional species, however, seed propagation and breeding of cultivars are insufficient so far. Since securing, propagating and continuous characterization of various genetic resources are required to breed new cultivars, this study was conducted to compare the main characteristics of domestic genetic resources and to improve their utilization. Growth characteristics such as plant height, fresh weight, plant type, and flowering date were investigated for the 89 varieties of genetic resources owned by Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services after vegetative propagation in the individual pots. Also, the morphological image information of leaves and flowers was constructed. Genetic resources were collected nationwide and originated in 30 regions including Hwaseong, Siheung and Jeju. Their plant types could be classified into straight, intermediate and creeping types according to their morphological characteristics, and at this time, the number of intermediate types accounted for the largest proportion. Flowering was carried out under high-temperature and long-day conditions in summer. According to the flowering date, they could be classified into early, middle and late flowering varieties, and at this time, the middle flowering varieties occupied the largest proportion. As a result of the investigation of vegetative growth characteristics, varieties with long plant height, heavy fresh weight and thick stem thickness were identified. Along with this result, it is thought that classification and selection of genetic resources for various purposes will be possible through additional investigations such as analysis of components and antioxidant activity. Moreover, it is judged that such results can be used as basic data for breeding new water dropwort cultivars in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.801-818
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1999.02b
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• pp.801-829
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• 1999

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.43-60
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• 2007

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 1995

Most countries have problems regarding the quantity and quality of their fresh water resources, and many countries are suffering from the e(feces of pollution of their inland and coastal waters. Italy is one of the country in which water supply is extremely uneven, and there are wide areas where it represents a real emergencies during periods of drought. All the watershed's water resources, however, are subjected to considerable anthropogenic pressure such as organic load with heavy metals. The high values of organic materials are accounted for mainly by runoff and percolation waste water from urban and agricultural land extensively ma- nured with effluents (rom livestock farming, while high concentration of heavy metals are found in watersheds of national and interregional significance. More than 35% of the underground water bearing strata of certain basins are already contaminated by pollution boih industrial and agricultural pollutants. In these connection, the problems and new measures of water resources in Italy are overviewed.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2000

The grid-based KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model(Kim, 1998; Kim, et al., 1998) which predicts temporal variation and spatial distribution of overland flow, subsurface flow and stream flow was evaluated at two watersheds. This model adopts the single overland flowpath algorithm and simulates surface and/or subsurface water depth at each cell by using water balance of hydrologic components. The model programmed by C-language uses ASCII-formatted map data supported by the irregular gridded map of the GRASS(Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS and generates the spatial distribution maps of discharge, flow depth and soil moisture of the watershed.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.2063-2077
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• 1970

The Purpose of this study is to give the hydrologically basic data for the development of water resources in Korea and a quantity of daily average precipitation and its frequency in a year are investigated to study the presumption which is affected to river flow. Characteristics of precipitation is poor as source of water resources compared with its efficiency. So, because of such characteristics of precipitation, river flow also is in harmony and distribution of river flow comes to the result of irregularity, that is, range of river coefficiet between the quantity of maximum river flow and others river flow is big, and it is insufficient as source of water resources. Yearly river flow being expressed by daily unit indicates the ratio(%) of distribution to total yearly river flow, and the model of hydrograph is drawn up. The gives the basis to make yearly water balance sheet. This study is not completed, yet but in forth-coming days, the water will try continuously to give more correct basis for the development of water resources according to a great deal of data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2020

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) is a highly mountainous and remote region covering 45% of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) with around 1.8 million population is vulnerable to climate change and socio-economic growth makes water resources management and planning more complex. To understand the water scarcity in the region this study is carried out to project water supply and demand for agricultural and domestic sector under various climate-socio-economic scenarios in five sub catchments of GB i.e., Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar and Shyok for a period of 2015 to 2050 using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. For climate change scenario ensembled mean of three global climate models (GCMs) was used under three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and agricultural Land Development (LD) scenarios were combined with climate scenarios to develop climate-socio-economic scenario. Our results indicate that the climate change and socio-economic growth would create a gap between supply and demand of water in the region, with socio-economic growth (e.g. agricultural and population) as dominant external factor that would reduce food production and increase poverty level in the region. Among five catchments only Astore and Gilgit will face shortfall of water while Shyoke would face shortfall of water only under agricultural growth scenarios. We also observed that the shortfall of water in response to climate-socio-economic scenarios is totally different over two water deficient catchments due to its demography and geography. Finally, to help policy makers in developing regional water resources and management policies we classified five sub catchments of UIB according to its water deficiency level.