• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2015

Arsenic (As) contamination of agricultural soils resulting from mining activity has caused major concern due to the potential health risk. Therefore the current study was carried out to investigate the relationship between fractionation of As in soil and rice uptake and to provide a basic information for adequate management of As contaminated agricultural soil. Twenty agricultural soils and rice affected by the abandoned mining sites were collected. Soil chemical properties and As concentrations (total and sequential extracted) in soils were determined and As concentrations in polished rice were analyzed. The average concentration of As in non-specifically adsorbed (F1), specifically adsorbed (F2), amorphous hydrous oxides of Fe and Al (F3), crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al (F4) and residual phase (F5) were 0.08, 1.38, 10.34, 3.26 and $10.98mgkg^{-1}$, respectively. Both soil pH and available phosphorus were positively correlated with the concentrations of As in F1 and F2. These results indicate that increasing the soil pH and available phosphorus can significantly increase the easily mobile fractions of As (F1 and F2). The average concentration of As in polished rice was $0.09mgkg^{-1}$. The concentrations of As in F1 and F2 showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of As in polished rice. Therefore soil pH and available phosphorus affect the distribution of As fractionation in soils and thus affect As bioavailability.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.141-147
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• 1992

This study is directed for the development of a computer aided safety assessment system for agricultural irrigation structures, The developed system is composed of four subsystems that incorporate database, structural analysis, safety assessment, and postprocess, which are made to be interfaced systematically. It is developed in the user-friendly menu driving form with pull-down type interaction on a personal computer. The main algorithm of safety assessment of deteriorated structures is a rational rating system based on the reliability method. From this study, it may be stated that the proposed rating and safety assessment system provide an effective tool and thus it can be widely used in practice for the assessment of safety and load carrying capacity of existing deteriorated or damaged agricultural irrigation structures.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.61-74
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• 2008

This research aims to examine and analyze behavior of consumers in pursuit of safety the basis of data Korea Consumer Agency in 2007 2,000 male and females older than 20 years old in Korea. In particular, this study investigates the impact of and life styles of consumers in pursuit of safety. Results of this research could be summarized as follows. First of all, Korean consumers tend to place emphasis on factors such as price and freshness rather than safety in the purchase of vegetables, meats, rice, and fruit.Second, the safety consciousness of consumers is high among female young consumers among consumers showing intermediate positions for the issue of opening domestic markets for foreign agricultural products. Third, this study also examines the impact of life styles on consumers' behavior in pursuit of safety. Such behavior is high among consumers emphasizing values on family and current consumption and showing negative attitudes opening domestic markets for imported foreign agricultural products. Finally, behavior in pursuit of safety is high among female, high school graduated, family-oriented consumers and valuing leisure and showing negative attitudes opening domestic markets for foreign agricultural products. However, safety consciousness of consumers do not generate direct impact on patterns of pursuing safety.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.347-353
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• 2018

Red pepper is widely used as a spicy flavor ingredient in the food industry and many households. The objective of this study was to assess the total aerobic bacteria count, coliforms count and incidence of Escherichiacoli, Salmonella spp., Escherichiacoli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus in red pepper and red pepper cultivated soil. The total aerobic bacteria number in red pepper and soil were in the range of 2.97 to 8.13 and 5.91 to 7.65 log CFU/g, respectively. The coliforms in red pepper and soil were in the range of 1.87 to 6.71 and 0.67 to 6.16 log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli was detected in 3 of 54 soil samples. In 3 out 63 red pepper and 53 of 54 soil samples, B. cereus was detected, while Salmonella spp., E.coli O157:H7, and L.monocytogenes were not detected. The results from this study provide an important basic information associated with the microbiological safety of fresh vegetables. Continuous caution is needed to prevent the contamination of pathogenic microorganisms during its farming.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2008

This paper examines the impact of reliability on consumers' demand for environmentally friendly agricultural products using ordered logit model. We survey 100 housewives living in the capital region and five metropolitian cities cross sectional data in 2007. This paper especially estimates the impact of instrumental factor, such as history tracking system, provision of information, safety assurance and labelling of brands on the consumers' demand. The main results show that provision of information and safety assurance affect consumers' demand more confident than others. In order to motivate consumers to buy more environmentally friendly agricultural products, the safety should be assured and more information on production and marketing channel should be labelled.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2011

As part of safety evaluation of 2A (amono acid), PAT (phosphinotricin Acetyl-transferase), CtrI (Carotene desaturase) and PSY (phytoene synthase), the expressed proteins inserted to ${\beta}$-carotene Biofortified rice were tested for antigencity test. As a result, the group of administering high-concentration PAT, the expressed protein, showed a great content of total WBC; however, other expressed proteins did not show much difference. Against ASA (Active Systemic Anaphylaxis) test, the group of administering high-concentration PAT, the expressed protein, showed mild or medium degree of symptoms, but there was no dead entity. According to the result of the PCA (Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis test), the group of administering high-concentration PAT, 2A, PSY, and mixture of expressed proteins indicated positive response in low anti-serum concentration, and the group of administering the clinical concentration of mixture indicated mild positive response. However, because the group of administering the clinical concentration of expressed proteins, PAT, 2A, PSY, and CtrI, did not show positive response, it is thought that IgE is not generated. Further studies are needed to verify the safety of ${\beta}$-carotene Biofortified rice.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

In recent years, many agricultural scientists are studying on eco-friendly farming methods. Among of lots of the methods, the natural insecticides are highly motivated and interested due to their safety and biodegradable issues, and readily available source of bioinsecticides. In this study, the crude extract of custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) seed and its three fractions which were separated based on polarity indexes were examined for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae Sulzer and Nilaparvata lugens S.. The crude extract (Aceton/MeOH) showed strong insecticidal activities against both insects at 3.00 mg/mL ($LD_{50}$=0.45mg/mL for M. persicae S. and 1.42 mg/mL for N. lugens S.). Furthermore, simple fractionation with hexane, chloroform, and water lead to increase three-folds insecticidal activity on chloroform fraction ($LD_{50}$=0.13mg/mL for M. persicae S. and 1.14 mg/mL for N. lugens S.). The results suggest that A. reticulata extracts might be used to control for M. persicae effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2014

In this study, we monitored the residues of organophosphate pesticides (OP) in eight fruit vegetables grown in Korea, and assessed risk levels of acute and chronic exposure of OP through the consumption of fruit vegetables. Chlorpyrifos, EPN, methidathion and phosphamidon in eight fruit vegetables were detected in this study. The results of cumulative assessment of national estimated short term intake for acute exposure of OP were due to the following order; eggplant, tomato, squash and cucumber. Total theoretical maximum daily intake calculated at first step of chronic exposure assessment for registered OP in Korea was 76.14%, compared with acceptable daily intake ADI) based on chlorpyrifos. In addition, total national estimated maximum daily intake calculated at second step of chronic exposure assessment was 13.949%, compared with ADI. Third chronic assessment was conducted by probabilistic approach using OP residues detected in eight fruit vegetables and showed that total exposure risk was very low, corresponding to 0.0001% compared to ADI. Based on those finding, the risk of organophosphate pesticides in fruit vegetables was considered quantitatively negligible. In future, further investigation to expand the target should be followed to do more accurate and detailed risk assessment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Azadirachta Indica extract(AIE) and Sophorae radix extract(SRE) are widely used as environment-friendly organic materials of plant origin in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the in vitro micronucleus(vitMN) tests of two samples of AIE and SRE were conducted to evaluate their genotoxicity using the Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cell. This study was composed of two parts; cytochalasin B(cyto B) test and non-cyto B test. Mitomycin C and colchicine were used as positive controls. As a result, the incidence of micronucleus(MN) in all AIE and SRE treated groups increased in dose-dependent manner, but were less than 2.2% in 1,000 binucleated cells. In addition, there were no significant increases of MN incidence in all AIE and SRE treated groups, compared with the negative control group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we suggest that AIE samples and SRE samples used in this study may have no genotoxicity in the in vitro micronucleus test using the CHL cells. In our previous study, we reported that AIE and SRE did not cause genotoxicity in Ames test. According to the genotoxicity battery system, we concluded that AIE and SRE used in this study have no genotoxic effects to humans.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.73-83
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• 2020

Agricultural drought is a natural phenomenon that is difficult to observe and quantitatively express, and agricultural water use is high and usage patterns are diverse, so even if there is a lack of rainfall. The frequency and severity of agricultural drought are increased during the irrigation period where the demand for agricultural water is generated, and reasonable and efficient management of agricultural water for stable water supply is required. As one method to solve the water shortage of agricultural water in an unstructured method, it is necessary to analyze the appropriate supply amount and supply method through simulation from the intake works to the canals organization and paddy field. In this study, irrigation efficiency was analyzed for irrigation systems from April to September over the past three years from the Musu Reservoir located in Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do and Pungjeon Reservoir located in Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do. SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) was used to collect agricultural water, and irrigation efficiency analysis was conducted using adequacy indicators, and water supply vulnerability. The results of the agricultural water distribution simulation, irrigation efficiency and water supply vulnerability assessment are thought to help the overall understanding of the agricultural water supply and the efficient water management through preliminary analysis of the methods of agricultural water supply in case of drought events.