The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science (농약과학회지)

The Korean Society of Pesticide Science (한국농약과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Acute and Chronic Exposure Assessment of Organophosphate Pesticides through the Consumption of Fruit Vegetables

과채류 섭취를 통한 유기인계 농약의 급성 및 만성노출평가

  • Park, Byung-Jun (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Gil, Keun-Hwan (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Son, Kyeong-Ae (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Im, Geon-Jae (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoon, Hyunjoo (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Hun (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Doo-Ho (Planning & Coordination Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ihm, Yangbin (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Paik, Min-Kyoung (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 박병준 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 길근환 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 손경애 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 임건재 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 윤현주 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 박경훈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김두호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기획조정과) ;
  • 임양빈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 백민경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과)
  • Received : 2013.12.05
  • Published : 2014.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we monitored the residues of organophosphate pesticides (OP) in eight fruit vegetables grown in Korea, and assessed risk levels of acute and chronic exposure of OP through the consumption of fruit vegetables. Chlorpyrifos, EPN, methidathion and phosphamidon in eight fruit vegetables were detected in this study. The results of cumulative assessment of national estimated short term intake for acute exposure of OP were due to the following order; eggplant, tomato, squash and cucumber. Total theoretical maximum daily intake calculated at first step of chronic exposure assessment for registered OP in Korea was 76.14%, compared with acceptable daily intake ADI) based on chlorpyrifos. In addition, total national estimated maximum daily intake calculated at second step of chronic exposure assessment was 13.949%, compared with ADI. Third chronic assessment was conducted by probabilistic approach using OP residues detected in eight fruit vegetables and showed that total exposure risk was very low, corresponding to 0.0001% compared to ADI. Based on those finding, the risk of organophosphate pesticides in fruit vegetables was considered quantitatively negligible. In future, further investigation to expand the target should be followed to do more accurate and detailed risk assessment.

본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 재배된 과채류 8작물 중 유기인계 농약의 잔류량을 모니터링 한 후 급성 및 만성 노출평가를 시행하고 독성등가치를 이용하여 누적 및 통합노출량을 산출하고 그 위해성을 확인하였다. 과채류 8종에서 검출된 유기인계 농약은 chlorpyrifos, EPN, methidathion, phosphamidon 4종이었다. 급성평가인 NESTI의 누적량은 가지, 토마토, 호박, 오이 순으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, 만성 노출평가의 제1단계로 과채류 8종의 총 TMDI는 ADI의 76.14%에 해당하였으며, 만성 노출평가의 제2단계인 NEDI의 총 노출량은 ADI 대비 13.949%에 해당하였다. 만성 노출평가의 제3단계로 과채류 8종 섭취에 따른 노출량을 확률적으로 평가한 결과, 총 노출량이 ADI 대비 0.0001%로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 우리나라 일반인이 과채류 8종을 섭취함으로써 유기인계 농약에 노출되는 수준은 매우 안전한 것으로 확인되었다. 향후 대상작물을 농산물 전체로 확대하고 대상집단을 어린이와 같은 subgroup으로 추가할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Boon, P. E., H. Van der Voet, M. T. M. Van Raaij and J. D. Van Kleveren (2008) Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Dutch diet. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46:3090-3098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.083
  2. Douglass, J. S. and D. R. Tennant (1996) Estimation of dietary intake of food chemicals. In Food Chemical Risk Analysis, Chapman & Hall.
  3. Do, Y. S., J. B. Kin, S. H. Kang, N. Y. Kim, M. N. Eon and M. H. Yoon (2013) Probabilistic Exposure Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products in Gyeonggido. The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science 17(2):117-125. https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2013.17.2.117
  4. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2007) Reasoned opinion on the potential chronic and acute risk to consumers' health rising from proposed temporary EU MRLs. According to regulation (EC) No 396/2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in food and feed of plant and animal origin.
  5. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2009) Scientific opinion on risk assessment for a selected group of pesticides from the tiazole group to test possible methodologies to assess cumulative effects from exposure through food these pesticides on human health.
  6. EPA (Environment Protection Agency) (2002) Guidance on cumulative risk assessment of pesticide chemicals that have a common mechanism of toxicity. Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC.
  7. EPA (Environment Protection Agency) (2006) Organophosphorus cumulative risk assessment-2006 update
  8. Janssen, M. M. T (1997) Contaminants. In Food Safety and Toxicity, CRC Press, 58-60.
  9. Jensen, A. F., A. Petersen and K. Granby (2003) Cumulative risk assessment of the intake of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in the Danish diet. Food Addit Contam 20(8):776-785. https://doi.org/10.1080/0265203031000138240
  10. MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drugs Safety) (2005) Food ingestion factors for dietary exposure: 2001 NHNS.
  11. KHIDI (Korea Health Industry Development Institute) (2004) Dietary intake and risk assessment of contaminants in Korean foods.
  12. KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) (2006) The third Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005 -Nutrition survey (I).
  13. KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) (2007) Development of food and nutrient database -Food portion/weight database.
  14. Ferrier, H., G. Shaw, M. Nieuwenhuijsen, A. Boobis and P. Elliott (2006) Assessment of uncertainty in a probabilistic model of consumer exposure to pesticide residues in food. Food Additives and Contaminants 23(6):601-615. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030600573244
  15. FAO/WHO (1997) Food consumption and exposure assessment of chemicals. In Report of a FAO/WHO consultation.
  16. FQPA (Food Quality Protection Act) (1996) US Public Law 104-170.
  17. FSA (Food Standard Agency) (2002) Risk assessment of mixtures of pesticides and similar substances, UK.
  18. Lee, H. M., J. Y. Han, E. K. Yoon, H. M. Kim, I. G. Hwang, D. M. Choi, K. B. Lee, K. P. Won, I. S. Song, S. E. Park and D. C. Shin (2001) Cumulative risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in the diet. J. Fd Hyg. Safety 16(1):21-26.
  19. Lee, M. G. (2003) Estimation of cumulative dietary risk of pesticides sharing acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 12(1):43-50.
  20. Lozowicka, B., M. Jankowska. and P. Kaczy iski (2012) Pesticide residues in brassica vegetables and exposure assessment of consumers. Food Control, 25:561-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.017
  21. Luo, Y and M. Zhang (2009) Multimedia transport and risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides and a case study in the northern San Joaquin Valley of California. Chemosphere 75:969-978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.005
  22. MacBean, C. (2012) The Pesticide Manual. Sixteenth Edition. British Crop Production Council, Hampshire, UK.
  23. Park, B. J., K. A. Son, M. K. Paik, J. B. Kim, S. M. Hong, G. J. Im and M. K. Hong (2010) Monitoring of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in fruit vegetable and human exposure assessment. Korean Journal of Pesticide Science, 14(2):104-109.
  24. Tucker, A. J. (2008) Pesticide residues in food - Quantifying risk and protecting the consumer. Trends in Food Science & Technology 19:S49-S55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.07.010

Cited by

  1. Decline patterns and risk assessment of 10 multi-class pesticides in young sprout amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus) under greenhouse growing conditions vol.24, pp.32, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0135-7
  2. 식품섭취량을 활용한 우리나라 식이 패턴 분석 - 김치류 및 주류 중심으로 vol.34, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2019.34.3.251
  3. 2019년 유통 임산물 중 산나물류와 약초류, 과실류 13종의 농약 및 중금속 잔류 실태 vol.35, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2020.35.4.341