• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.723-743
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• 2022

Beef muscles from mature cows and bulls, especially those originating from the extremities of the carcass, are considered as underutilized due to unsatisfactory palatability. However, beef from culled animals comprises a substantial proportion of the total slaughter in the US and globally. Modern consumers typically favor cuts suitable for fast, dry-heat cookery, thereby creating challenges for the industry to market inherently tough muscles. In general, cull cow beef would be categorized as having a lower extent of postmortem proteolysis compared to youthful carcasses, coupled with a high amount of background toughness. The extent of cross-linking and resulting insolubility of intramuscular connective tissues typically serves as the limiting factor for tenderness development of mature beef. Thus, numerous post-harvest strategies have been developed to improve the quality and palatability attributes, often aimed at overcoming deficiencies in tenderness through enhancing the degradation of myofibrillar and stromal proteins or physically disrupting the tissue structure. The aim of this review is to highlight existing and recent innovations in the field that have been demonstrated as effective to enhance the tenderness and palatability traits of mature beef during the chilling and postmortem aging processes, as well as the use of physical interventions and enhancement.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.134-137
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• 2021

본 연구는 스마트 유지보수 기술이 반영된 디지털 트윈 및 빅데이터 기반 항만 인프라 관제시스템을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 항만 인프라에서 취득되는 센싱 데이터, 영상 데이터 등 이기종 데이터들을 빅데이터화하고, 디지털 트윈 기반의 관제시스템에 가시화한다. 가상 세계의 핵심 요소인 데이터들을 결합해 물리적 세계 및 프로세스로 표현하고, 이를 바탕으로 노후도 및 재해위험도를 평가할 수 있도록 지원한다. 이를 위해 빅데이터의 의미와 필요한 데이터 확보, 가공, 저장, 분석 및 활용의 단계별로 반영하여야 할 사항들을 도출하고, 이를 현재의 IT자원과 연계하기 위한 방법들을 정의하고자 한다.

• 청정기술
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 수산화물 전구체로부터 HT-$LiCoO_2$ 분말을 제조하였다. 사용된 $Co(OH)_2$는 ${\alpha}$상 및, 또는 ${\beta}$ 상의 수산화물이며 여러 조건에서 침전법으로 제조되었다. 제조시에 $[OH^-]/[CO^{2+}]$ 농도 비와 숙성시간을 조절함으로써 원하는 특성을 지닌 $Co(OH)_2$ 제조가 가능하였다. 침전법으로 합성한 $Co(OH)_2$와 LiOH를 메탄올 수용액을 이용하여 혼합한 후 이어서 증발, 건조 그리고 숙성 조작에 의하여 HT-$LiCoO_2$의 전구체를 합성하였다. 숙성기간에 tailor-made ${\beta}$-phase $Co(OH)_2$는 CoOOH로 변환되면서 고용체를 형성한다. 이 같은 결과로 HT-$LiCoO_2$가 낮은 온도($600^{\circ}C$), 짧은 시간(10분)에 합성이 가능하게 된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1080-1091
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• 2018

The eggshell, which is a complex and highly ordered structure, is very important factor for food safety and egg marketing. This study investigated the changes in eggshell structure and shell components in relationship to hen age. For this study, we examined the histological change of the endometrium of the 30-, 60-, and 72-wk-old commercial layers, and analyzed the ultrastructure and ionic composition of their eggshells. The results showed that histological deformation, fibrosis, atrophy and elimination of micro-villi in the uterus endometrium were found through microscopic observation that was associated with increasing hen age. Concentration of blood-ion components such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, and $Cl^-$ ions did not change with age. Along with the results from the ultrastructure analysis of the eggshell, the palisade layer ratio and the density of mammillary knobs were significantly decreased in older hens. In addition, the type B mammillary knobs were frequently observed with increasing hen age. In the mineral element assay from the eggshell, $Ca^{2+}$, $S^{2-}$, and $Co^{2+}$ significantly decreased with increasing hen age, whereas $Na^+$, $K^+$, and $V^{2+}$ significantly increased. Therefore, the damages of endometrial tissue inhibit the processes of ion transmission and the crystallization of eggshell formation, resulting in a large and non-uniform mammillary knob formation. This means the conditions of endometrial cells affect the formation of the eggshell structure. In conclusion, hen aging causes the weakness of the eggshell and degrades the eggshell quality.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2009

Objective : While many factors contribute to aging, changes in calcium homeostasis and calcium related neuronal processes are likely to be important. High intracellular calcium is toxic to cells and alterations in calcium homeostasis are associated with changes in calcium-binding proteins, which confine free $Ca^{2+}$. We therefore assayed the expression of the calcium binding proteins calretinin and calbindin in the central auditory nervous system of rats. Methods : Using antibodies to calretinin and calbindin, we assayed their expression in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body and auditory cortex of young (4 months old) and aged (24 months old) rats. Results : Calretinin and calbindin staining intensity in neurons of the cochlear nucleus was significantly higher in aged than in young rats (p<0.05) The number and staining intensity of calretinin-positive neurons in the inferior colliculus, and of calbindin-positive neurons in the superior olivary nucleus were greater in aged than in young rats (p<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that auditory processing is altered during aging, which may be due to increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration, consequently leading to increased immunoreactivity toward calcium-binding proteins.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the pitch, which is produced during SDA petroleum upgrading process, as a pavement paving material. In order for the purpose, the physical and chemical properties of the pitch are analyzed, and then the various plasticizers are applied in the pitch. METHODS : Two types of pitch are selected from oil refinery companies, which are owned the SDA petroleum upgrading process. Also, two types of asphalt binders, PG 64-22 and PG 58-22, are employed to compare with the pitch because these two types of asphalt binders are currently used as paving materials. For the chemical property of the pitch, the composition of SARA (Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, Asphaltene), the elementary composition, and the functional group are analyzed. For the physical property of the pitch, the basic material property tests, such as penetration test, softening point test, flash point test, ductility test, and rotational viscometer test, are performed. Also, the DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) test and the BBR (Bending Beam Rheometer) test are conducted using asphalt binder specimens obtained by both short term aging (Rolling Thin Film Oven, RTFO) and long term aging (Pressure Aging Vessel, PAV) processes. The rheological property of each pitch type is evaluated as a function of temperatures and loading cycles. PG 64-22 asphalt binder is used as a control material. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The Pitch may not be suitable for the pavement paving material without modifications, but the pitch can be used as alternatives of modified addictive or asphalt. If low molecular component, such as saturate and aromatic components, are added in the pitch based on the development of various plasticizers, it has a strong possibility for the pitch to be used as a alternative. However, in order to verify the performance property of the pitch, further research is needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

Background: The ginseng berry has various bioactivities, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, we have revealed that the active antiaging component of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol, has the ability to stimulate longevity via gene activation. Despite the many known beneficial effects of ginseng, its effects on skin aging are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginseng and the ginseng berry on one of the skin aging processes, melanogenesis, and age-related pigment lipofuscin accumulation, to elucidate the mechanism of action with respect to antiaging. Methods: The human melanoma MNT1 cell line was treated with ginseng root extract, ginseng berry extract, or syringaresinol. Then, the cells were analyzed using a melanin assay, and the tyrosinase activity was estimated. The Caenorhabditis elegans wild type N2 strain was used for the life span assay to analyze the antiaging effects of the samples. A lipofuscin fluorescence assay was performed during 10 passages with the syringaresinol treatment. Results: A 7-d treatment with ginseng berry extract reduced melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity more than ginseng root extract. These results may be due to the active compound of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol. The antimelanogenic activity was strongly coordinated with the activation of the longevity gene foxo3a. Moreover, the ginseng berry extract had more potent antiaging effects, caused a life span extension, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that these antimelanogenic effects and antiaging effects of ginseng berry mediate the activation of antioxidation-FoxO3a signaling.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a critical hormone produced in the hypothalamus, is essential for regulating reproductive processes. It has also been demonstrated the presence of GnRH and its receptors (GnRHR) in ovarian and uterine tissues, but little was known about the regulation mechanism of their expression in these organs and ovarian aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GnRHR in the ovary and uterus of mice, particularly after high-dose gonadotropin treatments and in relation to aging. Quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that pituitary gland had the highest GnRHR expression in both young and aged mice. In addition, liver expression was higher in young mice, whereas thymus expression was higher in aged mice. GnRHR mRNA was present in the ovaries of both young and aged mice but nearly undetectable in the uterus of aged mice. We next examined the expression of GnRHR in the ovary and uterus in response to high-dose administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). After PMSG administration, GnRH mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the ovary but increased in the uterus. The expression of GnRH mRNA in these organs showed opposite trends to that of GnRHR expression. These results suggest the involvement of GnRH in age-related reproductive decline and the potential effects of high-dose gonadotropin treatments on reproductive organ function.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2007

Currently, portable equipment for recycling of waste asphalt concrete (ASCON) has been used. However, any air pollution control devices are not attached in the simple portable one. Thus, a lot of air pollutants have been produced from recycling processes of waste ASCON which resulted from aging of paved roads or repavement of roads. This study deals with a preliminary result of concentration analysis of air pollutants obtained from a pilot and a real recycling processes of waste ASCON using simple portable recycling equipment. Air pollutants were taken from 4 steps of the pilot recycling process including an initial heating by liquid petroleum gas (LPG), intermediate heating and melting (H&M) process, final H&M process, and pavement processes using recycled ASCON at the recycling site. Also, air pollutants were taken front 4 steps of the real recycling processes including an initial H&M, final H&M and mixing, loading of recycled ASCON to dump trucks, and at the recycling site after leaving the loaded dump trucks for real pavement sites. The air pollutants measured in this study include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, particulate matter (PM: PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, TSP (total suspended particulate)). The identified concentrations of VOCs increased with increasing time or degree for H&M of waste ASCON. In particular, very high concentrations of the VOCs at the status of complete melting, which is exposed to the air, of the waste ASCON just before paving tv the recycled ASCON at the recycling site. Also, considerable amount of VOCs were identified from the recycling equipment after the dump trucks leaded by recycled ASCON leaved the recycling site for the pavement sites. The relative level of formaldehyde exceeded 80% of the aldehydes Identified in the recycling processes. This is because the waste ASCON is exposed to direct flame of LPG during H&M processes. The PM concentrations measured in the winter recycling processes, such as the loading and rotation processes of waste ASCON into/in the recycling equipment for H&M, were much higher than those in the summer ones. In particular, the concentrations of coarse particles such as PM7 and PM10 during the winter recycling were very high as compared those during the summer one.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.424-432
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• 2014

The defining feature of Parkinson's disease is a progressive and selective demise of dopaminergic neurons. A recent report on Parkinson's disease animal model demonstrates that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) dependent cell death, also named parthanatos, is accountable for selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Parthanatos is a programmed necrotic cell death, characterized by PARP1 activation, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation, and large scale DNA fragmentation. Besides cell death regulation via interaction with AIF, PAR molecule mediates diverse cellular processes including genomic stability, cell division, transcription, epigenetic regulation, and stress granule formation. In this review, we will discuss the roles of PARP1 activation and PAR molecules in the pathological processes of Parkinson's disease. Potential interaction between PAR molecule and Parkinson's disease protein interactome are briefly introduced. Finally, we suggest promising points of therapeutic intervention in the pathological PAR signaling cascade to halt progression in Parkinson's disease.