• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.686-702
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill., has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases, and has proven its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract (SF) on inflammatory and oxidative stress in particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SF in PM2.5-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of SF, the expression of genes involved in the generation of inflammatory factors was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of SF against PM2.5 in the zebrafish model. RESULTS: The results indicated that SF treatment significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced release of NO and PGE₂, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. SF also attenuated the PM2.5-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, reducing their extracellular secretion. Moreover, SF suppressed the PM2.5-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from the cytosol into nuclei and the degradation of inhibitor IκB-α, indicating that SF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, SF abolished PM2.5-induced generation of ROS, similar to the pretreatment of a ROS scavenger, but not by an inhibitor of NF-κB activity. Furthermore, SF showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in PM2.5-treated zebrafish larvae. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against PM2.5 through ROS-dependent down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that SF can be a potential functional substance to prevent PM2.5-mediated inflammatory and oxidative damage.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.27-45
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• 2018

본 연구는 중장년에게 있어 성공적 노화의 예측요인으로 입증된 신체적 인지적, 심리적, 사회적 요인과 성공적 노화 간의 구조적 관계를 통해 중장년에게 의미있는 성공적 노화의 선행요인을 규명하는 것을 연구목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 신체적 인지적, 심리적, 사회적 요인의 대표변인으로 주관적 건강상태, 인지기능, 자아존중감, 사회적 지지를 상정하였다. 연구대상은 대한민국 대표 기업공시채널 KINO(http://kind.krt.co.kr)에 등록된 유가증권, 코스닥, 코넥스 기업에 종사하는 근로자 359명을 대상으로 하였으며, SPSS 23.0과 Amos 21.0, M-plus 6.12 프로그램을 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 본 연구에서 설정한 성공적 노화 간의 구조적 관계에 대한 모형의 적합도는 RMSEA=.059, TLI=.932, CFI=.944로 적합도 지수의 기준값을 모두 충족시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주관적 건강상태와 사회적지지만이 성공적 노화에 영향을 미치는 예측변수로 나타났으나 인지기능과 자아존중감은 성공적 노화에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체적, 심리적, 사회적 요인 중 사회적 요인인 사회적 지지가 중장년의 성공적 노화에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 성공적 노화에 있어 기존 선행연구와 배치되는 결과이며 생애주기에 따라 성공적노화에 미치는 영향요인이 다름을 시사한다. 즉, 중장년은 사회적 관계망 내에서 자신의 역할을 인식하며, 일을 통해 본인의 정체성과 의미를 확립하고 있음에 따라 사회적 지지가 성공적 노화를 촉진시키는데 있어 가장 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 무엇보다도 우리나라의 상황적 맥락이 반영된 중장년을 대상으로 성공적 노화의 모형을 탐색하였다는데 큰 의의가 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2005

Nowadays it has been strongly required to control emissions from vehicles specially in diesel engines because of increasing number of vehicle in korea. This research aims to provide with some of deterioration factors on vehicles for emissions characteristics and the test was done on an electronically controlled heavy-duty diesel engine under severe driving conditions such as 1200 driving hours, 220,000 km driving distance and a full load. Under various driving conditions, CO, HC, $NO_{x}$, PM and Soots emissions were estimated under D-13 mode and D-3 mode respectively. CO emission was not changed until 500 running hours, and as engine aging is progressed THC was not changed until 500 running hours but it decreased to about $33\%,\;NO_{x}$ decreased constantly but on the other hand PM increased up to $6.9\%$ during the aging process.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1992

The present study was investigated to elucidate the effects of chlorambucil the heart tissue of various-aged rats. The male rats ranging from 3 to 36 months were used. The cytochemical and biochemical changes in myocardium of the rats were studied in the aspect of free radical roles in aging process. With the goals of evaluating the potential roles of free radicals in aging process, evidence was shought for alterations of myocardial lipid peroxide levels in control and chlorambucil treated rats. The result are summarized as follows: 1. Cytochemical studies showed that the activities of $Mg^{++}$-ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase increased with age. However, these enzyme activities were decreased with treatment of chlorambucil, when compared with control group. Interestingly it was observed that chlorambucil treatment increased the activity of acid phosphatase from 6 months upto 18 months, and decreased after 18 months. 2. The lipid peroxide level in myocatdium was increased with age; chlorambucil-treated group was higher than that of control group. 3. Age-dependent increase in activities of monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase and catalase was observed. But the increase of catalase activity was higher than that of monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity in control group. However, in chlorambucil-treated group, age-dependent decrease of these enzyme activities was observed, and catalase activity was more significant particularly with regard to other enzymes. In consequently, the morphological alterationsof myocardium due to chlorambucil treatment was exclusively observed. We demonstrate that this alteration is occured by lipid peroxidation upon chlorambucil treatment.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.132-135
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• 2009

The population over 65 years of age in Korea will be 10.3% of the entire population in 2008 indicating that Korea is already in an aging society. In addition, it is expected that Korea will be in an aged society in 2018 (population over 65 years of age : 14.3%) and that it will be in a post-aged society in 2026 (20.8%). Consequently, aged workers may also increase. It is well-known that the possibility to work longer and to live better is highly related to the work ability of individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the work ability of each age group using the Work Ability Index(WAI) in the shipbuilding industry, and to assess the effects of social psychological stress, drinking characteristics, smoking characteristics, etc. on the WAI score. The results showed no significant difference on the effects of aging, drinking, and smoking characteristics. Interestingly, a statistical analysis on the effects of social psychological stress revealed a significant difference by stress levels. The difference of the average WAI score between the healthy group and the high risk group was about 10 points. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the stress level is an influential factor on WAI.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

The durability prediction of emission control components, especially 02 sensor and catalytic converter, is getting more important as emission regulation is getting stricter and vehicle durability mileage requirement is also extended from 80,000 ㎞ to 160,000 km in Korean market. And the duration of vehicle mileage accumulation to get vehicle exhaust emission deterioration factor for certification is required to be shorter in order to reduce the vehicle development time. Since most of the vehicle emission development tests are done on chassis dynamometer and aging bench by using vehicle aging modes, real road condition and in-use driving patterns must be reflected into them to predict the vehicle emission level and to meet emission regulation especially at high mileage. In order to get the frequent driving pattern of vehicle and the aging characteristic of emission components, a vehicle was tested by changing drivers and driving roads around Seoul. Real road driving patterns were analyzed and compared with those of the certification modes which are well known in automotive industry.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2024

Due to their stem-like characteristics and immunosuppressive properties, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer remarkable potential in regenerative medicine. Much effort has been devoted to enhancing the efficacy of MSC therapy by enhancing MSC migration. In this study, we identified deubiquitinase BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) as an inhibitor of MSC migration. Using deubiquitinase siRNA library screening based on an in vitro wound healing assay, we found that silencing BAP1 significantly augmented MSC migration. Conversely, BAP1 overexpression reduced the migration and invasion capabilities of MSCs. BAP1 depletion in MSCs upregulates ERK phosphorylation, thereby increasing the expression of the migration factor, osteopontin. Further examination revealed that BAP1 interacts with phosphorylated ERK1/2, deubiquitinating their ubiquitins, and thus attenuating the ERK signaling pathway. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of BAP1 in regulating MSC migration through its deubiquitinase activity, and suggests a novel approach to improve the therapeutic potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.292-304
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• 1999

The lengthened average span of human life by virtue of recent developments in medicine has caused the Population of elders to increase. The development of modern industrial society has transformed family structure from the large family system to that of a nuclear family. Due to the shift in family structure, the problem of support for the aged has surfaced as a nursing problem as well as a social problem. With regard to this problem, this study aims to investigate the adolescent's understanding of elders and aging. By identifying their understanding and classifying their attitude patterns, this study will help the nursing assessment of the support of elders in the family. This study employed Q-methodology and the research was conducted from December 1998 to May 1999. One method of the research included deep interviews with elders, those who are in their 50's. 40's or 30's. and the adolescent. 183 Q-Populations taken from literary works such as poems or novels were also formed as another method. Finally. 36 Q-cards were made after consultation with Professors of the nursing department. The subjects of the P- sample were 30 high sohoolboys/girls - who were in first, second, and third years. The result showed that 3 factors provided an explanation for 59.14% of the whole variables: the first factor, 41.37%; the second factor. 11.49%, and the third factor. 6.28%. These three factors were analyzed and categorized as three types. Twenty subjects out of the 30 were included in Type 1: Respecting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'The declining age is a perfect time to prosper completing a worthy life' ; 'Getting old. one needs financial stability' and 'Elders wish the best for their children' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'It is better to die than to live as an older person' ; 'Elders are insignificant' ; and 'Getting old is the worst unhappiness that tortures human.' Four subjects were included in Type 2. Resenting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Aging is a process of dying that nobody can escape from'. 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; and 'When you set older. you regret about the life in the Past.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'When You get older. You should stand aloof greed and worldly things' 'When You got older, You become generous and gentle' ; and 'When You set he gets old. You change to become a comfortable and warm person.' Six out of 30 subject were included in Type 3 Caring Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; 'Elders wish the best for their children' ; and 'Elders deserve to be treated with filial respects.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows 'Elders are insignificant' ; 'Elders have freedom and plenty of free time.' and 'Elders are alienated form and drove out of the society.' The above-mentioned results show that most adolescents in Korea recognize aging as the time of fruition and development: it is a time of benefiting and giving back to society. Aging can also be seen as a time of generosity and magnanimity and the time of respect and favorable treatment from society. despite the change of modern society and the ostensible transformation of a family system. Their recognition seems deeply rooted in the traditional confucian values and the dual family system which is Peculiar especially to the Korea - one which maintains both the superficial form of nuclear family and the substantial mode of the enlarged family system. In sum, many Korean adolescents attribute the meaning of the elderly and aging to the type of the respect with the elderly and the type of the elderly's caretaking.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2015

Background Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice. Methods Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta ($250{\mu}g$) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$), and CD31. Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EGF was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, VEGF and EGF expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, TGF-${\beta}1$ expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in EGF on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA. Conclusions Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model via increased EGF release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3312-3318
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• 2014

천연물 유래 자외선차단제 개발을 위해 미세조류 추출물 및 mycosporine-like amino acids(MAAs)의 활용가능성을 연구하였다. Chlamycomonas hedleyi 추출물과 추출물 분획물인 MAAs가 각각 7% 포함된 자외선차단크림을 제조하고 인체 적용시험을 실시하였다. 이를 통하여 자외선차단지수(SPF) 및 자외선 A차단지수(PFA)를 평가하였다. Ch. hedleyi 추출물과 MAAs 함유 자외선 차단 크림의 자외선 차단지수는 각각 9.07 및 9.42로 나타났으며, 자외선 A차단지수는 각각 2.43과 2.41로 측정되었다. 자외선 A차단지수가 모두 2 상으로 측정되어 두가지 자외선 차단크림의 자외선 A차단등급은 [PA+]으로 분류되었다. 이상의 연구결과는 미세조류 추출물 및 MAAs 함유 자외선차단제가 자외선을 효과적으로 막지 못하지만, 무기자외선 차단제가 혼합되면 만족할만한 자외선 차단효과를 보일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.