Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.5.3312

Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and Protection Factor of UVA (PFA) of the Sunscreen Containing Microalgal Extracts and MAAs  

Moh, Sang Hyun (Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd.)
Suh, Sung-Suk (South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Cho, Moon Jin (Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd.)
Song, Mi Young (Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd.)
Hwang, Jinik (South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Park, Mirye (South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Lee, Taek-Kyun (South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society / v.15, no.5, 2014 , pp. 3312-3318 More about this Journal
Abstract
For the sunscreen development from natural resources, a possible usage of microalgal extracts or mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was investigated. Sunscreens containing 7% of microalgal extracts or MAAs derived from microalgae, Chlamydomonas hedleyi, were prepared and they were applied to human research. Through this clinical research, the values of Sun Protection Factors, Sun Protector Factor (SPF) and Protection Factor of UVA (PFA), of sunscreen containing microalgal extracts or MAAs were determined: SPF values of microalgal extracts and MAAs indicated 9.07 and 9.42, respectively, while PFA ones did 2.43 and 2.41. Due to more than 2 of PFA value in both sunscreens, they can be classified into [PA+]. Taken together, although sunscreen containing microalgae-derived extracts or MAAs does not effectively protect UV irradiation, its capacity can be satisfied if inorganic UV-protecting compounds are added.
Keywords
Chlamydomonas hedleyi; Mycosporine-like amino acids; PFA; SPF; Sunscreen;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 R. P. Sinha, P. Richter, J. Faddoul, M. Braun, D.-P. Hader, Effects of UV and visible light on cyanobacteria at the cellular level, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 1 (2002) 553-559. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B203955A   DOI
2 S. P. Singh, M. Klisch, R. P. Sinha and D-P. Hader. "Genome mining of mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) synthesizing and non synthesizing cyanobacteria: a bioinformatics study". Genomics, 95, 120-128, 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.10.002   DOI   ScienceOn
3 E. M. Middleton and A. H. Teramura. "The role of flavonol glycosides and carotenoids in protecting soybean from ultraviolet-B damage". Plant Physiol. 103, 741-752, 1993. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1104/ pp. 103. 3. 741   DOI
4 L. Daya-Grosjean and A. Saraisn. "The role of UV induced lesions in skin carcinogenesis: an overview of oncogene and tumor suppresor gene modifications in xeroderm pigmentosum skin tumors". Mutation Res., 571, 43-56, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.013   DOI   ScienceOn
5 I. Y. Oh, S. Y. Kim, J. M. Suk, S. W. Jung, J. O. Park, K. H. Yoo, K. Li, B. J. Kim and M. N. Kim. "Sun protection factor (SPF) assessment of the sunscreen composed of natural substances". J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea. 39(2), 141-148, 2013.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
6 J. K. Lee, J. S. Sin, J. H. Kim, J. H. Eom, H. S. Kim and K. L. Park. "Evaluation of phototoxicity for cosmetics and alternative method". J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea. 31(3), 245-251, 2006.   과학기술학회마을
7 J. K. Lee, J. H. Kim, K. T. Nam and S. H. Lee. "Molecular events associated with apoptosis and proliferation induced by ultraviolet-B radiation in the skin of hairless mice. J. Dermatol". Sci., 32, 171-179, 2003 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-1811(03)00094-X   DOI   ScienceOn
8 V. O. Melnikova and H. N. Ananthaswamy. "Cellular and molecular events leading to the development of skin cancer". Mutation Res., 571, 91-106, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.015   DOI   ScienceOn
9 S. E. Ullrich. "Mechanism underlying UV-induced immune suppression". Mutation Res., 571, 185-205, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.059   DOI   ScienceOn
10 J. M. Shick, W. C. Dunlap. "Mycosporine-like amino acids and related gadusols: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and UV-Protective Functions in Aquatic Organisms". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 64, 223-262, 2002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.155802   DOI   ScienceOn
11 W. F. Vincent and S. Roy. "Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and aquatic primary production: damage, protection and recovery". Environ. Rev. 1, 1-12, 1993. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a93-001   DOI
12 J. Jagger. "physiological effects of near-ultraviolet radiation on bacteria". Photochem. Photobiol. Rev. 7, 1-75, 1983. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4505-3_1   DOI
13 R. P. Sinha and D-P. Hader. "Photobiology and ecophysiology of rice field cyanobacteria". Photochem. Photobiol. 64, 887-896, 1996. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb01852.x   DOI   ScienceOn
14 R. P. Sinha, M. Klisch, A. Groniger, D-P. Hader. "Responses of aquatic algae and cyanobacteria to solar UV-B". Plant Ecol. 154, 221-236, 2001. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012986500543   DOI   ScienceOn
15 S. P. Singh, S. Kumari, R. P. Rastogi, K. L. Singh and R. P. Sinha. "Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs): chemical structure, biosynthesis and significance as UV-absorbing/screening compounds". Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 46, 7-17, 2008.
16 C. S. Cockell and J. Knowland. "Ultraviolet radiation screening compounds". Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 74, 311-345, 1999. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0006323199005356   DOI   ScienceOn
17 A. Oren and N. Gunde-Cimerman. "Mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids: UV protectants or multipurpose secondary metabolites?". FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 269, 1-10, 2007. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00650.x   DOI   ScienceOn
18 H. Nakamura, J. Kobayashi and Y. Hirata. "Separation of mycosporine like amino acids in marine organisms using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography". J. Chromatogr. 250, 113-118, 1982. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673   DOI
19 A. Oren. "Mycosporine-like amino acids as osmotic solutes in a community of halophilic cyanobacteria". Geomicrobiol. J. 14, 231-240. 1997. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490459709378046   DOI   ScienceOn
20 I. Yakovleva, R. Bhagooli, A. Takemura and M. Hidaka. "Differential susceptibility to oxidative stress of two scleractinian corals: antioxidant functioning of mycosporine-glycine". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 139, 721-730, 2004. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.08.016   DOI   ScienceOn
21 E. P. Balskus and C. T. Walsh. "The genetic and molecular basis for sunscreen biosynthesis in cyanobacteria". Science. 329, 1653-1656, 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1193637   DOI   ScienceOn
22 K. Y. Kang. "R&D trends of functional cosmetics". KIC news, 13(4), 1-10, 2010.
23 F. de la Coba, J. Aguilera, F. L. Figueroa, M. V. deGáalvez and E. Herrera. "Antioxidant activity ofmycosporine-like amino acids isolated from three redmacroalgae and one marine lichen". J. Appl. Phycol. 21,161-169, 2009.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9345-1   DOI   ScienceOn