• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-196
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• 2015

Because of our aging population, there is increasing concern about the impact of dementia and age-related cognitive decline. Intense research efforts on effective dietary interventions for the prevention or amelioration of dementia and age-related cognitive decline have indicated that dairy products affect physiological health and potentially healthy brain function during aging. Milk is a rich source of proteins and peptides with nutritional and immunotropic activities. The preparation of biologically active proteins and peptides generally requires enzymatic degradation, chemical modification, or the addition of specific co-factors. Milk-derived preparations are widely available in the food industry in the form of hygiene products and infant formulas. However, milk-derived products could also be applied as preventive or therapeutic measures for a wide-range of pathological conditions not only in neonates and infants but also in adults, including the elderly. Because they have no adverse side effects, milk-derived proteins and peptides could be used as a supplementary treatment for dementia and age-related cognitive decline.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is a negative factor that induces skin damage, inflammation, and aging. UVB irradiation induces the inflammatory response through interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in keratinocytes. In addition, it induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which plays an important role in collagen 1 degradation in the extracellular matrix. We investigated the antiaging effects of five kinds of berry in human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells using juice of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blueberry wild (Vacciniun angustifolium) and cultivar (Vacciniun corymbosum), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott), and mulberry (Morus abla). HaCaT cells irradiated with UV-B exhibited increased ROS generation, as well as IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 gene expression, when compared to the control cells that were not irradiated with UV-B. However, pre-treatment of berry juice before UV-B irradiation significantly down-regulated the UV-B-induced ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine and MMP-1 expression. The results suggest that all berries have anti-aging effects including lowering inflammatory cytokine levels, ROS generation, and MMP-1 expression in HaCaT cells during UV-B irradiation.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2019

The 500 MW Korean standard coal-fired power plant is the largest standardized power plant in Korea and has played a pivotal role in domestic power generation for over 20 years. In addition to the aging degradation due to long term operation, the probability of failure of power generation facilities is increasing due to frequent startup and stop caused by the lower utilization rate due to air pollution problem caused by coal-fired power plants. Among them, steam piping plays an important role in transferring high-temperature & pressure steam produced in a boiler to turbine for power generation. In recent years, failure of steam piping of large coal-fired power plant has frequently occurred. Therefore, in this study, failure analysis of high pressure piping weld was conducted. We identify the damage caused by high stress due to abnormal supporting structure of the piping and suggest improved supporting structure to eliminate high stress through microstructure analysis and piping stress analysis to prevent the occurrence of the similar failure of other power plant in the case of repetitive damage to the main steam piping system of the 500 MW Korean standard coal-fired power plant.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.42-56
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• 2017

In Korea, which has three sides of the sea, various waterfront spaces are being developed and developed along with various coastal landscapes. However, there are a lot of cases that do not consider the regional characteristic of the coast or the characteristic of the coastal landscape. In many cases, the street facilities cause the landscape degradation and the use inconvenience because of incongruity with the scenery, aging and lax management. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect the specificity of the coastal landscape in planning and directing the street facilities, harmonizing with the surrounding natural environment, and consideration of sustainability. However, there is no research or planning index for sustainable street facilities considering the coastal characteristics. Therefore, this study suggests plan elements to improve the sustainability of the street facilities on the shore and proposes them as basic plan elements, and suggests what kind of improvements should be made to improve the sustainability of coastal facilities in Korea. Based on the plan elements derived from the plan, we checked the problems and complementary points of coastal street facilities in Korea by analyzing the current status of the street facilities around the Jeju Island beach from a sustainable point of view, and suggested plan indicators that should be supplemented to improve sustainability. We surveyed the street facilities such as walkway blocks, benches, pagoda, drinking fountain, trash cans, bicycle shelters, fences, guide maps, streetlights, and shower rooms in 10 beaches in Jeju Island. This study analyzed the sustainability characteristics of the each factor of these facilities by surveying the reflectivity of the 23 plan indicators from the six aspects derived from the sustainability planning factor as conformity, partial reflection, non - reflection, and nonconformity. The results of the analysis showed that the functional aspect was the highest with 68.3%, the material aspect (53%), the landscape aspect (22.3%), the productive aspect (14.7%) and the morphological aspect (12.2%), and maintenance / management (10.6%). In addition, the facilities with the lowest fitness in each aspect are bicycle shelter in landscape aspect, bicycle storage box and trash can in form aspect, shower room in material aspect, trash can in functional aspect, showroom, guide maps and drinking fountain in product aspect, showroom In maintenance aspect. In order to improve the sustainability of coastal facilities in the future, it is necessary to complement the administrative and landscape aspects. In coastal facilities, it is necessary to consider the sustainability planning index, especially for showers, taking into account the specificity of beaches. Consideration should be given to various aspects of sustainability for bike shelters and trash facilities. Through this study, we have proposed the plan elements to systematize, supplement, and improve the planning index for sustainability improvement in coastal facilities planning.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.358-367
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of water infiltration and flexural strength changes in dental porcelain with glazing treatment. The block specimens were prepared as experimental materials, using feldspar type commercial dental porcelain; then, these were fired at $940^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute. The fired specimens were polished with a dimension of $40{\times}5.5{\times}5mm$. The specimens were distributed to two experimental groups: with and without glazing treatment specimens (n=5), and they were immersed in a solution of pH 7 for 3, 7, and 20 days at $40^{\circ}C$ after fabrication. To evaluate the flexural strength changes with water infiltration treatment in specimens with and without glazing, the 3-point flexural test was performed, using a universal testing machine until failure occurred. Starting powder and fired specimens consisted of amorphous and leucite crystalline phase. The Vickers hardness of fired specimens was more than 1.6 times higher than that of the enamel of natural teeth. According to porosimeter results, the specimens without glazing treatment exhibited a porosity of about 14.7%, whereas the glazed specimens exhibited the lowest porosity at about 1.1%. The average flexural strength of glazed specimens was higher than the flexural strength of specimens without glazing treatment (p<0.05). The flexural strength of all specimens with and without glazing treatment deteriorated with accelerated aging in the solution. In addition, significant differences between these two treatment groups were observed in all of the specimens treated at various water infiltration periods (p<0.05). The exposure of internal pores and micro-cracks in the surface due to polishing of the fired specimens influenced mechanical behaviors. Especially, the flexural strength in specimens without glazing treatment has shown significant degradation with the infiltration of water. Therefore, this study suggests that glazing processes can improve mechanical properties of dental porcelain.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Background: The DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay is a newly developed cancer diagnostic test which quantifies the serum fibrin degradation products (FDP), produced during fibrinolysis, by antibody reaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of DR-$70^{TM}$ Immunoassay in screening malignant tumor. Methods: Sample subjects were 4,169 adults, both male and female, who visited the health promotion center of a general hospital from March 2004 to April 2005 and underwent the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay test and other tests for cancer diagnosis. The patient group was defined as 42 adults out of the sample subjects who were newly diagnosed with cancer during the same time period when the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay test was performed. Final confirmation of a malignant tumor was made by pathological analysis. Results: The mean DR-$70^{TM}$ level was $0.83{\pm}0.65{\mu}g/ml$ (range: 0.00 (0.0001)${\sim}7.42{\mu}g/ml)$ in the control group (n=4,127) as opposed to $2.70{\pm}2.33{\mu}g/ml$ (range: $0.12{\sim}9.30{\mu}g/ml)$ in the cancer group (n=42), and statistical significance was established (p<0.0001, Student t-test). When categorized by the type of malignant tumor, all cancer patients with the exception of the subgroups of colon and rectal cancer showed significantly higher mean DR-$70^{TM}$ levels compared with the control group (p<0.0001, Kruscal-Wallis test). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed ${\geq}1.091{\mu}g/ml$ as the best cut-off value. Using this cut-off value, the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay produced a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 70.1%, a positive predictability of 69.4%, and a negative predictability of 69.2% (1). Conclusion: A significant increase in the mean DR-$70^{TM}$ value was observed in the cancer group (thyroidal, gastric, breast, hepatic and ovarian) com pared with the control group. In particular, the specificity and sensitivity of the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay was relatively high in the subgroups of breast, gastric, and thyroidal cancer patients. There is need for further studies on a large number of malignant tumor patients to see how the DR-$70^{TM}$ level might be changed according to the differentiation grade and postoperative prognosis of the malignant tumor.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.513-524
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 157$\pm$6g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dry powders of two different vegetables consumed frequently by Korean-radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and onion(Allium cepa L.), ethanol extracts and juices from equal amount of each dry powder. All the powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion decreased total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma and liver. Above all, onion ethanol extract decreased them most remarkably. It was thought that organosulfur compounds and flavonoids extracted from onion by ethanol inhibited biosynthesis and absorption of lipid and promoted degradation of lipid. Radish powder also decreased them by increasing fecal excretions of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol most effectively. Catalase and glutathine peroxidase(GSH-px) activities in red blood cell(RBC) were most remarkably increased by radish powder and onion powder respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and GSH-px activities in liver were most remarkably increased by onion ethanol extract, radish powder and onion ethanol extract respectively. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities in liver were most effectively decreased by ethanol extracts of radish and onion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of controls. Above all, onion powder decreased them most effectively. It was thought that vitamin E and high flavonoids in onion powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC SOD, catalase and GSH-px activities and inhibiting XOD activities effectively. Flavonoids in onion ethanol extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting three antioxident enzyme activities and inhibiting XOD activities most remarkably. Also flavonoids and high vitamin C in radish powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC catalase most remarkably and inhibiting XOD activities. In conclusion, radish and onion were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting of lipid peroxidation in animal tissue. From these data, radish and onion can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and in delaying aging. As ethanol from onion were most effective in lowering lipid level and promoting three antioxident enzymes, and inhibited lipid peroxidation as did we should try to utilize onion skin which is discarded though reported to have abundant flavonoids. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 513~524, 2001)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family, which plays a critical role as a core member of the mammalian cell cycle machinery. D-type cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) bind to and activate the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, which can then phosphorylate the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene products. This phosphorylation in turn leads to release or derepression of E2F transcription factors that promote progression from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Among the D-type cyclins, cyclin D3 encoded by the CCND3 gene is one of the least well studied. In the present study, we have investigated the biochemistry of the proteolytic mechanism that leads to loss of cyclin D3 protein. Treatment of human prostate carcinoma PC-3-M cells with lovastatin and actinomycin D resulted in a loss of cyclin D3 protein that was completely reversible by the peptide aldehyde calpain inhibitor, LLnL. Additionally, using inhibitors for various proteolytic systems, we show that degradation of cyclin D3 protein involves the $Ca^{2+}$-activated neutral protease calpain. Moreover, the half-life of cyclin D3 protein half-life increased by at least 10-fold in PC-3M cells in response to the calpain inhibitor. We have also demonstrated that the transient expression of the calpain inhibitor calpastatin increased cyclin D3 protein in serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells. These data suggested that the function of cyclin D3 is regulated by $Ca^{2+}$-dependent protease calpain.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2016

Animal glue is a traditional material used extensively as adhesive and binder in mother-of-pearl, wooden structure, traditional painting, etc. Analysis of animal glue is usually performed with IR(infrared spectroscopy) based on the IR absorption of functional group. But, it has a limitation in confirming animal glue when a sample consists of several materials because of overlapping of the absorption band. Py/GC/MS(pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) is a useful tool in analyzing the constituent of polymeric materials like animal glue by identifying their pyrolysate with very small amount of sample. In this study, confirmation of animal glue in a Dancheong sample was tried with this method. Characteristic pyrolytic compounds of animal glue and tung oil used in Dancheong were identified. Dancheong sample painted with Noerok as a coloring material, animal glue and tung oil was prepared and it was possible to find characteristic peaks of animal glue after thermal degradation and artificial weathering experiment. From this, we found that animal glue can be detected using py/GC/MS in cultural heritage samples consisting of several materials and in different condition. IR was also tried to analyze Dancheong sample and the results were compared with those of py/GC/MS for the detection of animal glue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

Schisandrae fructus [Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon] is a medicinal herb widely used for treating various inflammatory and immune diseases in East Asian countries. The Schisandrae Semen essential oil (SSeo) from this plant has pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities. Nevertheless, the biological activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of the potential anti-cancer effects of this oil remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathways by SSeo in human leukemia U937 cells and evaluated the underlying molecular mechanism. Exposure to SSeo resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition due to apoptosis, which was verified by DNA fragmentation, the presence of apoptotic bodies, and an increase in the sub-G1 ratio. Induction of apoptotic cell death by SSeo was correlated with the down-regulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family (including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), cIAP-1, and surviving) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and with up-regulation of death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5, depending on dosage. SSeo treatment also induced Bid truncation, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and concomitant degradation of activated caspase-3 target proteins such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, these findings suggest that SSeo may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for use in the control of human leukemia cells. Further studies are needed to identify its active compounds.