• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2023

This study aimed to understand social interactions by observing the courtship and attack behavior between individuals of 15 (6 females and 9 males) Reeves' turtle (Mauremys reevesii) in captivity in the Wolchulsan National Park. CCTV was installed in the study area from May 18, 2020 to October 19, 2020 and recorded 3 days a week (24 hours/day) for a total of 64 days and analyzed at intervals of 10 minutes per hour. Male turtle courtship was observed 884 times in total, with the heaviest females receiving the highest courtship frequency (357 times) and the smallest females receiving the least courtship (3 times). Of a total of observed 259 aggressive behaviors, 30 were for female to female, 81 for male to male, and 148 for female to male. Dominance hierarchy identified based on the result ranked females higher overall than males, and the larger the body, the higher the ranking. This study was the first in Korea to confirm individuals with high probability of reproduction through the frequency of courtship in the Reeves' turtle and investigate dominance hierarchy according to attack behavior. Our results can be used as reference behavioral data for managing and protecting the endangered Reeves' turtles and will help us understand their social structure.

• Mood & Emotion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

Suicide is a complex behavior associated with various neurobiological and psychosocial factors. It is considered that genetic polymorphism combined with environmental stress such as child-adolescent trauma make differences in neurobiological systems, which cause psychiatric disorders or pessimistic personality, impulse-aggressive behaviors, lack of judgment, and finally result in suicidal behavior. Much progress in the neurobiology of suicide has been made over the several decades. There seems to be a hereditary disposition to suicide independent of psychiatric disorder. The changes in neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neurotrophic factors, cytokines, lipid metabolisms related with their genetic polymorphism can contribute to disturbance of signal transductions and neuronal circuits vulnerable to suicide. It is likely that the main factors are dysfunctions of serotonin (5-HT) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Our understanding about the neurobiology of suicide is still limited. However, clinical practice could be assisted by neurobiological findings capable of making the detection of risk populations with higher sensitivity and the development of new treatment interventions. The settlement of biological markers in suicidal behaviors and their relationships is required.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2011

Rearing density is a major factor in welfare production and health of broiler chicks. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rearing density on the behavioral characteristics of Korean native chicks. In the study, 20, 30, and 40 chicks per pen (3.17 $m^2$) were used in each treatment and randomly allotted to 6.3 bird/$m^2$, 9.5 bird/$m^2$, and 12.6 bird/$m^2$ density, respectively. The broilers' behavior was recorded for 12 hours continuously during 1 to 8 weeks of age. The time budgets (standing, sitting, and walking) and frequencies of certain behaviors (drinking, feeding, preening, scratching, dust bathing, flapping, aggressive pecking, and pecking) in the broilers were checked during the day. The behavioral characteristics in the early period (1 to 4 weeks) were compared to the later period (5 to 8 weeks) to know the changes in each behavior as the chicks matured. It was observed that 40 chicks per pen showed significant decrease in feed intake and body weight. Corticosterone hormone was higher in the order of 12.6 bird/$m^2$ > 9.5 bird/$m^2$ > 6.3 bird/$m^2$ (p<0.05). The behaviors of standing and sitting were the highest in groups of 30 and 40 respectively. The walking behavior was gradually decreased as rearing density increased. The frequencies of the other behaviors also decreased in a high density treatment; especially for feeding, drinking, preening, and pecking. These tendencies widened the gaps of behaviors as time passed. It was concluded that a group of 20 chicks (6.3 bird/$m^2$) was the proper rearing density among these three treatments. Broilers in the lower rearing density showed more activity than that with higher density and therefore this environment may lead to better welfare condition.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of a community-level metabolic syndrome self-care management program. Methods: Data included baseline demographics, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol collected at 15 public health centers in Seoul from January to March, 2010. A data obtained(584 men and 410 women) from Metabolic Syndrome Management Program in Seoul was analyzed using Paired t-test and Linear mixed model. Results: The group with 6-month intervention resulted in significant decrease in abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar, and triglyceride. In moderate intervention group with 3-month follow-up showed tendency that abdominal circumference(-1.27(${\beta}$)) and diastolic blood pressure(-1.66(${\beta}$)) are significantly reduced. In the group with aggressive intervention, the more counseling led to significant reduction in abdominal circumference(-0.22(${\beta}$)). Conclusions: These results indicate that a self-care for metabolic syndrome management can improve metabolic syndrome status over a short-term period. Further structured research is needed to develop a systematic program on health behaviors focusing on exercise, diet, and intervention.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.173-196
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• 2012

The relationship of the teacher's recommendation and performance in gifted programs for the selected student by teacher's observations and nominations was analyzed in this study. The teacher's recommendation for 9 students selected by teacher's observations and nominations in institute of Science gifted Education of C National University of Education was analyzed for this purpose. The students were categorized into 4 groups depending on the description style and contents of the teacher's recommendation and 1 student was selected from each group for analysis. It was shown that the student, a1 who was described with cognitive characteristics of the gifted in episode style in the teacher's recommendation showed the aggressive task adherence and problem solving ability. The student, a2 who was described with emotional and social characteristics in episode style attended at the class in active attitude, but the student solved the problem by the assistance of the colleagues or the teacher. The student, b1 who was listed superficially in the teacher's recommendation showed the excellent problem solving ability based on the task adherence, experiment design ability and experiment manipulation ability. The student, b2 who was listed in superficially in the teacher's recommendation attended at the class in positive and upright attitude, but the task solving was lagged behind. It is concluded from the above results that the description on the cognitive area is necessary for the teacher's recommendation to have the usefulness in selecting gifted students.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.178-192
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• 2006

The buffer overflow attack is the single most dominant and lethal form of security exploits as evidenced by recent worm outbreaks such as Code Red and SQL Stammer. In this paper, we propose microarchitectural techniques that can detect and recover from such malicious code attacks. The idea is that the buffer overflow attacks usually exhibit abnormal behaviors in the system. This kind of unusual signs can be easily detected by checking the safety of memory references at runtime, avoiding the potential data or control corruptions made by such attacks. Both the hardware cost and the performance penalty of enforcing the safety guards are negligible. In addition, we propose a more aggressive technique called corruption recovery buffer (CRB), which can further increase the level of security. Combined with the safety guards, the CRB can be used to save suspicious writes made by an attack and can restore the original architecture state before the attack. By performing detailed execution-driven simulations on the programs selected from SPEC CPU2000 benchmark, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed microarchitectural techniques. Experimental data shows that enforcing a single safety guard can reduce the number of system failures substantially by protecting the stack against return address corruptions made by the attacks. Furthermore, a small 1KB CRB can nullify additional data corruptions made by stack smashing attacks with only less than 2% performance penalty.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

This study analyzes traffic data which are collected by VDS(Vehicle Detection System) to research the relationship between spacing distribution and vehicles' relative speed. The collected data are relative speed between preceding and following vehicles, passing time and speed. They are also classified by lane and direction. For the result of the analysis, in the same platoon, we figure out that mean of spacing is 40m, which can be a value to determine section A to D. To compare spacing according to time interval, this study splits time intervals to peak hour and non-peak hour by peak hour traffic volume. In conclusion, vehicles in peak hour are in car following because most drive similar speed as preceding vehicle and they have relatively small spacing. On the other hand, non-peak hour's spacing between vehicles is bigger than that of peak hour. This implies driver's behaviors that the less spacing, the more aggressive and want to reduce their travel time in peak hour, whereas most drive easily in non-peak hour and recreational trip purpose because of less time pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to undrstand the emotional and behavioral sequela in the abused child caused by phygical abuse. To achieve the purpose. the emotional and behavioral differences between not or less abused children group and severely abused children group were compared in this study. The subjects in this study were 61 male children who were selected among children under custody at 4 child-welfare institutions in Seoul. A violence scale in CTS(Conflict Tactics Scale) developed by Straus(1979) was modified and used as a research tool to measure the children's physical abuse. The Korean text of Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) was also used to measure the emotional and behavioral problems of abused children. The results of this study were as follows : 1) The total scores of behavioral problems in physically abused children were significantly higher than those in control group. 2) The comparison of behavioral problems has shown significant differences between two groups in social withrawal. somatic symptom, emotional disturbance, obsessive-depressive behavior, hyperactivity and psychotic-sexual factors. However. there were no differences in aggressive and delinquent factors. The above results presents us the profile of children's emotional and behavioral problems caused by physical abuse, and can be used as a framework for the treatment protection and preservation of abused children in the course of social work practice.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of North Korea's cyber attack against South Korea since 2009 based on major international security theories and suggest South Korea's policy option. For this purpose, this paper applied the behavioral domain and characteristics of 'cyber power' and 'coercion dynamics' model, which are attracting attention in international security studies. The types of cyber attacks from North Korea are classified into the following categories: power-based incarceration, leadership attacks and intrusions, military operations interference, and social anxiety and confusion. In terms of types and means of cyber power, North Korean GPS disturbance, the Ministry of Defense server hacking and EMP are hard power with high retaliation and threat and cyber money cashing and ransomware are analyzed by force in the act of persuasion and incentive in the point of robbing or asking for a large amount of money with software pawns. North Korea 's cyber attack has the character of escape from realistic sanctions based on the second nuclear test. It is important for South Korea to clearly recognize that the aggressive cyberpower of North Korea is changing in its methods and capabilities, and to ensure that North Korea's actions result in far greater losses than can be achieved. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the cyber security and competence to simultaneously attack and defend through institutional supplement and new establishment such as cyber psychological warfare, EMP attack preparation, and enhancement of security expertise against hacking.