• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.817-825
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify suitable polynomial regression for modeling the average growth trajectory and to estimate the relative development of the rib eye area, scrotal circumference, and morphometric measurements of Guzerat young bulls. Methods: A total of 45 recently weaned males, aged 325.8±28.0 days and weighing 219.9±38.05 kg, were evaluated. The animals were kept on Brachiaria brizantha pastures, received multiple supplementations, and were managed under uniform conditions for 294 days, with evaluations conducted every 56 days. The average growth trajectory was adjusted using ordinary polynomials, Legendre polynomials, and quadratic B-splines. The coefficient of determination, mean absolute deviation, mean square error, the value of the restricted likelihood function, Akaike information criteria, and consistent Akaike information criteria were applied to assess the quality of the fits. For the study of allometric growth, the power model was applied. Results: Ordinary polynomial and Legendre polynomial models of the fifth order provided the best fits. B-splines yielded the best fits in comparing models with the same number of parameters. Based on the restricted likelihood function, Akaike's information criterion, and consistent Akaike's information criterion, the B-splines model with six intervals described the growth trajectory of evaluated animals more smoothly and consistently. In the study of allometric growth, the evaluated traits exhibited negative heterogeneity (b<1) relative to the animals' weight (p<0.01), indicating the precocity of Guzerat cattle for weight gain on pasture. Conclusion: Complementary studies of growth trajectory and allometry can help identify when an animal's weight changes and thus assist in decision-making regarding management practices, nutritional requirements, and genetic selection strategies to optimize growth and animal performance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.979-988
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• 2022

The effects of seasonal differences and crating densities on the preslaughter losses, breast meat quality, and physiological indices of broilers were determined. A total of 600 broilers aged 35 days were divided into 10 treatment groups based on five crating densities (10.3, 11.5, 12.8, 14.1, 15.4 birds·m^-2) with two seasons (i.e., summer and winter) to give six replicates and were placed at various locations in the truck. The birds were transported in crates having dimensions of 1.0 m × 0.78 m × 0.26 m. The transportation distance was 20 km for 40 minutes (average 30 - 50 km·h^-1) during the early morning. The results revealed that broilers transported at densities of 14.1 and 15.4 birds·m^-2 recorded lower (p < 0.05) pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), and muscle redness compared to those at densities of 11.5 birds·m^-2. Furthermore, higher (p < 0.05) cooking loss was found in birds stocked at more than 14.1 birds·m^-2 compared to the other treatments. However, no effect (p > 0.05) with different crating densities on body weight loss, carcass traits, glucose, lactate, or muscle yellowness was observed. Crating density of 14.1 birds·m^-2 showed lower (p < 0.05) cortisol contents compared with birds at 10.3 and 15.4 birds·m^-2. Winter transportation had higher (p < 0.05) relative breast meat weight, cooking loss, muscle redness, and cortisol contents whereas summer transportation had higher (p < 0.05) glucose and lactate contents in the blood plasma of broilers. In conclusion, the stocking of 12.8 birds·m^-2 is recommended to minimize stress responses and undesirable changes that could negatively affect muscle quality.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-129
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• 2013

Objective : Most disease of the aged comprise chronic illness, hence the diet is important. Yet, the study on diet methodology for the remedy of the aged folks' aliments is scarce. The diet for the aged must be easy to digest- in regard to the physiological features of the aged, delightfully chewable, while meeting the expectation and guaranteeing nutrition-supply and remedial efficacy. Material and Method : This study is designed to accomplish following things with the Yang-lo-bong-chin-seo, a text on maintaining and upbringing the health for the aged: (1) classify the food recorded in the text in terms of cooking methods, (2) then sort the main ingredients in remedial herbal rice porridge(Yak-sun-jook) in food material science manner, (3) evaluate the cooking methods of the porridge for each and various symptoms, and (4) assess the features of each ingredient of the porridge, the value of it both in oriental medicine's and nutrition's scope. Results : 1) Among 64 main dishes recorded in Yang-lo-bong-chin-seo, rice porridge composes the majority, which is 64%. Stew and soup account for 60% of side dishes. 2) In 15 food cures, 43 remedial herbal rice porridges(Yak-sun-jook) were recorded. 3) Yak-sun-jook utilizes most chinese herbs as its food material. 4) Yak-sun-jook is made more with vegetable ingredients than animal ingredients and consist highly of chinese herbs. 5) Main ingredients in the porridges are effective in disease cure in addition to sufficient, well-balanced nutrition. 6) Cooking method of the porridge is grinding chinese herbs into powder or boiling them for a long time. Conclusion: All forementioned steps build the informational foundation - for this purpose the information be utilized - for making possible the development and the devising of pragmatic and feasible Remedial herbal rice porridge(Yak-sun-jook).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.373-379
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting change in consumers' consumption tendency and the perception of aged meat. This study compared 2012 and 2019 results from beef consumer surveys. The importance of quality judgment criteria, taste determinants, and the perception that marbling is harmful to health were analyzed using regression analysis through the backward elimination method. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the importance had increased for recognizing freshness, juiciness, tenderness, and ripening period, and for knowing that marbling was harmful to the health. Also shown was that the intention to purchase aged meat had an influence on whether the consumer favorably perceived the freshness, tenderness, and ripening period. This study analyzed how consumers' consumption tendencies changed to cope with these changes in consumer preferences. The basic data of the research analyzed consumption propensity, the intention to consume beef, and what factors influence the perception of mature meat. It is thought that there is a need to raise awareness about aged meat for diversification of consumer preferences and rational production and consumption in the future.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.721-727
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hydrocolloids on the changes in physical properties of a model ice cream. The model ice cream contained water, sugar, skin milk powder, com oil, and 4 different hydrocolloid stabilizers (gelatin, pectin, hydroxyethylstarch, locust bean gum), was manufactured in a batch type freezer. The following physical characteristics of ice cream were examined: flow behavior, overrun, air cell size, ice crystal size, and melt resistance. With regard to flow behavior, all of aged mixes had a lower apparent viscosity relative to the mix before aging, and ice cream mix containing locust bean gum had the highest viscosity. Air cell size was observed to range from 20 to $38\;{\mu}m$, and ice cream with locust bean gum showed the largest size. There was an inverse correlation between overrun and air cell size. The ice crystal sizes of all samples ranged from 25 to $35\;{\mu}m$. Ice cream with added pectin contained the smallest ice crystal size, which was significantly difference from other stabilizers (p<0.05), and resulted in superior melt resistance with increased melting time compared to other samples.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2007

An in vitro study was carried out to investigate the differences in rumen microbes and fiber degradation capacity between sheep and goats. Three local male sheep and three Inner Mongolia male cashmere goats (aged 1.5 to 2 years; weight 25.0 to 32.0 kg) were each fitted with a permanent rumen cannula used to provide rumen fluid. Cycloheximide was used to eliminate rumen anaerobic fungi. The results showed that the quantities of fungal zoospores in the culture fluid of the control group were significantly greater in the sheep than in the goats; however, bacteria and protozoa counts were significantly higher in goats than in sheep. The digestibility of straw dry matter did not differ significantly between the two species before elimination of fungi, but tended to be higher for sheep (55.4%) than for goats (53.3%). The results also indicated that bacteria counts increased significantly after elimination of anaerobic fungi; however, the digestibility of straw dry matter significantly decreased by 12.1% and 8.6% for sheep and goats respectively. This indicated that the anaerobic fungi of the rumen played an important role in degradation of fiber.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sodium selenite and zinc-L-selenomethionine on performance and egg Se concentration in laying hens. Two hundred and twenty-four CP Browns aged 71 weeks were divided according to a $2{\times}3$ factorial in a completely randomized design. One more group without additional Se supplementation was used as a negative control. Each treatment consisted of four replicates and each replicate contained eight laying hens. The dietary treatments were T1: basal diet; T2, T3 and T4: basal diets plus 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg Se from sodium selenite/kg, respectively; T5, T6 and T7: basal diets plus 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg Se from zinc-L-selenomethionine/kg, respectively. The findings revealed that feed conversion rate/kg eggs, egg production, egg weight, Haugh units and eggshell thickness were not affected by source and level of Se (p>0.05). Increasing level of dietary Se significantly increased (p<0.05 the Se content of eggs. Zinc-L-selenomethionine markedly increased p<0.05 egg Se concentration as compared with sodium selenite. The results indicated that Se source did not influence performance of laying hens. However, zinc-L-selenomethionine increased p<0.05 egg Se concentration more than sodium selenite.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.505-509
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values of the economic traits measured from the cows (aged 15 months or older) using ultrasound and to use them as the information for the selection of stock animals at the farm level. The means and standard deviations of longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score were $54.11\;cm^2{\pm}9.06$, $3.57\;mm{\pm}2.45$ and $2.65{\pm}2.88$, respectively. While the linear regression coefficients of longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score for age (in months) were all positive (0.3532, 0.0868 and 0.0833), the quadratic regression coefficients of them for age (in months) were all negative (-0.0023, -0.0005 and -0.0006), and as the body condition score increased longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score increased collectively. The heritability estimates for the longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score were 0.39, 0.48 and 0.13, respectively and the estimated annual genetic gains for the longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score were 0.00334 $cm^2$, -0.0073 mm and 0.0043 score, respectively, which were not significantly different from zero.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1987

A study was conducted to observe the effects of dexamethasone sodium 21 phosphate injection in different amounts, intervals and times on the fluctuation of the parasitized erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the T. sergenti carrier calves. A total of 31 calves including 15 Holstein and 16 Korean native male calves aged 6-12 months (125-300kg) was used. Results observed were as follows. 1. The calves injected 0.2mg/kg body weight two and three times in 48 hour intervals and 5 times in 24 hour intervals observed that 2 out of 2 heads, 3 out of 6 heads, and 4 out of 5 heads, respectively were substantially increased parasitized erythrocytes in the blood for 3-11 days after the first injection and continued to 2-10 days. 2. However, the calves injected once with 0.1mg/kg body weight and all control calves showed no visible change of the parasitized erythrocytes in the blood during the experimental period. 3. The animals injected over 2 times with 0.2mg/kg body weight tended to be decreased the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration and PCV for 2-3 days after first injection and continued about one week. 4. All animals injected the dexamethasone were observed the neutrophilic leukocytosis, eosinopenea and lymphopenea until 48 hours after injection.