• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effect of household types on the occurrence of chronic diseases depending on gender and to identify the factors associated with chronic disease occurrence in one-person households. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using the data of 15,949 adults with the age of 19 years or older from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015). Results: For male, the risk of chronic disease occurrence was higher in one-person households than in multi-person households, and the same held true after adjusting for the confounding factors. For female, no significant relationship was found between household types and chronic disease occurrence. Factors associated with chronic disease occurrence were age, employment state, marital state, smoking, perceived stress, and depression in male, and age, employment state, physical activity, and obesity in female. Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor the disparity in health depending on household types in male. Additionally, providing a gender specific chronic disease prevention and health enhancement program is required.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-49
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• 2011

Social capital theory provides a robust framework for analyzing economic well being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social capital on the economic satisfaction of retirees in Korea. The data from the first wave of KLoSA(Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging) were used(n=1,628). SPSS 12.0 was used for descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The major findings were as follows: First, after controlling for gender, age, region, housing tenure, and personal income, the social capital of the retirees, including cognitive social capital(trust and reciprocity) and structural social capital(emotional and economic familial support, and a well-developed social network), contributes to increases in their economic well-being. Second, the degree of effect social capital has on well-being varied by gender and age; the effect was also different according to gender, regardless of the person's age. These empirical results provide a basis for the institution of policies that help bolster economic wellbeing for retirees by creating conditions that increase social capital in this group.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of consumer problems involving the use of online game services in Korea. This study analyzed the consumer damage cases by age and type that were reported to the Korea Consumer Protection Board (KCPB). The results of this study are as follows: The online game complaints varied by age. In the case of children, most complaints involved phone charging online game fees without parents' consent. There were similarities in the victimization of teens and children according to reason for complaint, handling result and type of damage. However, based on method of charging, mobile phone and credit card payments were causes in the case of teen victimization. Meanwhile, complaints among adults showed more complexity than the previous two groups such as cases relating to online game companies illegally seizing game items and game accounts, and charging fees for unused services caused by identity theft. By type of charging method, most complaints involved phone and mobile phone payments. According to the analysis result of online game victims, the monetary damage of consumers did not differ among socio-demographic variables such as age, residence, gender and occupation but there was difference in the method of charging. In the handling period, differences could be seen by age, year, gender and type of damage.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effect of employment status upon the subjective health status. Methods: The data of the study were from the 11th Korean Labor Panel Data, obtained by using a face to face interview method. These data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: There was a significant, statistical difference on the subjective health status according to employment status. The subjective health status of non-regular workers was lower than that of the regular workers. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of all subjects were economic status, age, gender, education, marital status, drinking, employment status, and egular work time. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of workers were age, economic status, gender, and education. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of non-regular workers were age, economic status, marital status, gender, education, and regular work time. Conclusion: These results indicate an association between the subjective health status and employment status. The subjective health status may be affected by instability of temporary employment. The additional research to clarify the role of employment instability is recommended. Research on social policy to resolve health inequalities is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.131-140
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the color of jacket. dress shirt, necktie. and perceiver's gender on image perceptions of male, and to examine how clothing color preferences varies according to perceiver's gender and age. The stimuli of 8 pictures of male and the semantic differential scale were used to evaluate image perception. Subjects were 192 males and females in Seoul. The colors of jacket gave significant influences on perception of potency. elegance, preference, and manliness. The colors of dress shirt gave a significant influence on perception of manliness, the necktie's colors gave influences on elegance and visibility. Perceiver's gender did not give significant influences on the image perception. Visibility had an interaction effect by the colors of jacket and dress shirt. Potency and preference evaluation had interaction effects by the colors of jacket. dress shirt. and necktie. White dress shirt had positive effects on the perception of potency and preference in the case of matching with dark blue jacket and red necktie, and blue shirt had a positive effect on the perception of potency and preference in matching with dark blue jacket and blue necktie. The preference of dark grey suit and black shirt showed significant differences according to gender. Dark blue suit, white shirt, and blue shirt had significant differences according to the age group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.333-344
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in health habits, perceived stress, depression, and suicidal thinking by gender for elderly people who are living alone and elderly people who are living with others. Method: The study participants were 4,051 people aged 65 years and over who were surveyed in the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005. The relationship among outcomes and living arrangement by gender in elders was assessed using multiple logistic regression while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Older men living alone were less likely to have breakfast and more likely to perceive stress and think of suicide than older men living with family or others. On the other hand, older women who live alone were less likely to perceive stress than older women who live with others. Age, educational level, income, and number of diseases were significantly associated with each individual outcome. Conclusion: This study showed that living alone has a significant impact on physical health habits and psychological health of elderly people, especially for older men. Therefore, living arrangement should be considered in developing a health promotion program for elders as well as age, gender, education, and income.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to assess gender differences in the processes of intergenerational transmission of marital instability. This study revealed gender differences in the intergenerational transmission of marital instability. The fit indices suggest that the hypothesized model fit better for the female sample. Parental divorce marital quality and marital commitment were significant predictors of marital instability for both genders. Parental divorce was a strong predictor of marital quality for women only. While the path between age difference and marital quality for females was strong the same association disappeared for their male counterparts.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.21-41
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• 2018

This study determined the characteristics of meal-related time use among employees living in one-person and multi-person households by conducting a comparison focused on gender and age differences. Among the questionnaires distributed to employees during the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, 19,692 were used for final analysis. The results were as follows: First, the one-person households had shorter meal-related time use than did the multi-person households, except for the time spent having snacks and beverages. Second, meal-related time use was generally longer in non-working days than in workdays. Third, gender differences in meal-related time use were observed, with the more significant ones being the differences in time devoted to meal preparation and dishwashing. Fourth, in both the one-person and multi-person households, women spent a longer amount of time preparing meals and washing dishes than did men, but this difference was greater in multi-person households. Fifth, old individuals spend a longer time preparing meals and washing dishes than did young individuals. Policies must be enforced to improve the quality of diets in one-person households. Such households should also be provided nutrition education to increase their awareness of the importance of healthy and regular meals. Another essential requirement of policy is the provision of gender equality education for both the one-person and multi-person households.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2009

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between types of gender role identity and health behaviors in 500 adults. Method: Data was collected with self-reporting questionnaire forms from April 23 to May 4, 2007. using the Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory and Health Behavior Assessment Tool. Results: The mean (SD) was 2.65 (0.42) for gender role identity, and 2.61 (0.38) for health behaviors. The subjects were classified into four gender role identity types; 30.4% in undifferentiated, 27.8% in androgyny, 22.4% in masculinity, and 19.4% in femininity. Four gender role identity types of subjects showed significant different levels of health behaviors (F=40.33, p<.001). The androgyny type subjects reported the highest mean of health behaviors scores, and the undifferentiated type subjects had the lowest mean. There were significant differences in health behaviors according to subjects' general characteristics, such as age, marital status, perceived health status, and smoking (p<.005). Conclusion: There is a need to make changes in family, school, and society toward better environments for helping adults develop desirable gender role identity. In addition, the gender role identity in adults has to be considered in establishing healthy lifestyles and developing health promotion programs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.251-268
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• 2014

Applying the data from 64 single(26 men and 38 women) and 71 childless married men and women(37 men and 34 women) aged between 30 and 45, this study is to understand their future fertility intention. For this purpose, ideal and real number of children that participants plan to have were compared using paired t-test. Second, demographic variables(sex, age, marital status), child care related variables(thoughts about caring children, child care value), individual characteristics(gender role attitude, relation orientation) and social context variables(perceived economic condition, recognition of low fertility policies) were included in a stepwise regression model to explain expected number of children participants plan to have in the future. Results showed that ideal number of children participants wish to have was significantly higher than real number of children they expect to have in the Korean society. The stepwise regression model explained 35% of the variance of the dependent variable. Among four types of variables, child care related variables most powerfully explained expected number of children study participants plan to have in the future. Finally, age, child care value, gender role attitude, and relation orientation significantly explained expected number of children in the future.