• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 1994

A immunological survey of paratuberculosis in dairy and Korean native cattles was conducted by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), complement fixation test(CFT), agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and intradermal skin test(ID). Over all prevalence of pararuberculosis in cattles was 6.7%(109/1633) by ID, 7.5(205/2719) by AGID, 9.3% (245/2641) by CFT and 13.4%(363/2719) by ELISA. Prevalence in dairy cattle was higher than that of Korean native cattle. Of 70 ELISA-positive cattle, 23(28.6%) and 48(68.6%) cattles were classified as positive in the AGID and positive or suspect in CFT, respectively. Of 92 ELISA-suspect cattle, 32(34.9%) and 48(52.2%) cattles were classified as AGID-positive and CFT-positive or suspect, respectively. It was concluded that paratuberculosis is widespread in cattle of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 1982

The activity, properties, and distribution of midgut protease during metamorphosis in Pieris rapae L. are determined using spectrophotometer, ultracentrifuge and agar gel electrophoresis. Proteolytic activity of midgut reaches the peak just before ecdysis in 5th instar and prepupal stages each but 1 day after ecdysis in pupal stage. Also, optimum pH of midgut protease is pH 8.0 in 5th instar stage, pH 6.5 in prepupal stage, and pH 8.5 immediately before emergence respectively. Protease is found mostly in midght tissue in 5th instar stage but thereafter until just before emergence the enzyme only in lumen contents, suggesting that protease is synthesized in midgut tissue during larval stage and then released into lumen during pupation period.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 1992

For the photoproduction of molecular hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria in outdoor conditions, we constructed automatically controlled semi-continuous culture system. When the amount of hydrogen gas produced can be measured by a gas meter with a pulse generator, the same amount of substrate consumed for hydrogen production could be supplied by micro pump related with timers. Using the apparatus, we examined hydrogen production with immobilized cells of Rhodopseudomonas sPhaeroides B6 in outdoor conditions. In spite of severe fluctuation of weather and illumination, the culture was maintained under good control with regard to hydrogen productivity. It was possible to automate the semi-continuous outdoor culture of photosynthetic bacteria for hydrogen production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2000

This study was carried out to provide the fundamental information for development of proper vaccination program against infectious bursal disease(IBD) to the local chicken farms. The antigen detection was peformed from 8 samples of bursa of Fabricius with agar gel precipitation(AGP) and indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA), And also, the antibodies in serum samples were detected by the various serological methods such as commercial ELISA assay, AGP and virus neutralization(VN) test. 1. The antigen detection rates were 25% for AGP which is 2 out of 8 farms and 10 out of 40 bursas, and 25% which Is 2 out of 8 farms and 20% 8 out of 40 bursas for IFA, respectively. 2. The mean titer of maternal antibody (>3,000) existed until 10 days of the age with ELISA-GMT. 3. The antibody positive rates which are over 80% showed until 5 days of the age with ELISA and at 10 days of the age with AGP except one, but none of them showed from 1 day of the age. This report came to conclusions that both the protective maternal antibody titers and the antigen positive rates were significant until at the 10 days of the age.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1999

Chrysanthemums showing leaf mottling were collected from three southern locations in Korea in 1998. Two kinds of viruses were isolated from the leaves and were identified as tomato aspermy virus ch-TAV) and chrysanthemum virus B (ch-CVB), according to their host range, morphology, intracellular location, agar gel double diffusion test, and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analysis. The purified ch-TAV was spherical particles of approximately 29 nm in diameter and ch-CVB was filamentous particles of 685 nm long. Inclusion bodies were not observed in ch-TAV and/or ch-CVB infected chrysanthemum. ch-TAV showed positive serological reaction with TAV antiserum (ATCC-127) but not with CMV-pepper antiserum. In dsRNA analysis, four kinds of viral dsRNA were observed on ch-TAV and one viral dsRNA was shown on ch-CVB. Rate of co-infection with TAV and CVB in commercial chrysanthemums was 20.9%. On the other hand, infection with CVB alone was 97.2%. However, chrysanthemums naturally infected with TAV alone were not found.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 1985

The agar gel precipitation(AGP), indirect hemagglutination(IHA) and indirect enzyme immunoassay(IEIA) tests were used to detect antibodies in pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus cellulosae in Jeju. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Sera collected from pigs naturally infected with Cysticcrcus cellulosae did not react in AGP test. 2. In the IHA test for swine cysticercosis, the peak titers observed were between 1:20 and 1:160 and non-specific reaction was recognized with a few samples among control sera. 3. In the IEIA test, optical density(OD) values were obtained the best results under the condition of OPD-substrats are reacted at room temperature for 5minutes. The OD values of greater than 0.2 were determined as positive and the high titers in positive sera ranged from 1:40 to 1:1,080. 4. Antibodies to swine cysticercosis were detected by IHA and IEIA tests but the latter was more sensitive and specific than the former. 5. In the preparation of Cystisercus antigens, saline extract which was prepared the precipitate of internal membrane treated ultrasonicator were better results than other antigens for serological tests. 6. Amounts of protein in antigens was not related in direct proportion to results of serological reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified hemagglutinin of swine influenza virus (H1N1) as antigen was developed for detection of antibody to avian influenza virus (AIV). The sensitivity and specificity of a developed and commercial available ELISA kits were compared with those of agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using sera collected from chickens under condition of field exposure. The concentration of antigen, serum dilution and concentration of enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody in developed ELISA (S-ELISA) were 0.5ug/100ul, 1:200 and 0.03ug/100ul, respectively. The correlation coefficients between S-ELISA and commercial ELISA and HI titers were 0.419 and 0.533, respectively. A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was not found between HI and ELISA titers. The S-ELISA was found to be as more sensitive and specific than the AGP test, showing 86.8% sensitivity and 85.3% specificity. It is suggested that the ELISA using the SIV as antigen may be useful method as an investigating tool for AIV serological surveillance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.515-520
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• 2013

Bacterial communities derived from cheonggukjang and raw rice straw collected from a Mireuksan farm and a Heungup cheonggukjang in Gangwon province were investigated using both culture-based method and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Pure cultures, which were isolated from raw rice straw and cheonggukjang and cultured on tryptic soy agar plates (53-76 colonies per plate), were identified by analysis of 16S rRNA sequences. The traditional culture-based method and analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA by DGGE revealed that for samples collected from the Mireuksan farm, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis were the predominant species in the raw rice-straw and cheonggukjang, respectively. For samples collected from the Heungup cheonggukjang, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was the predominant species in both raw rice straw and cheonggukjang. Other microorganisms, including members of Pantoea, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Acinetobacter, were also present in the raw rice-straw and cheonggukjang, as were bacteria that could not be cultured.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

The antimicrobial substances from Rhodiola sachalinensis were extncted, isolated and identified. The highest level of antimicrobial activity and its yield were obtained in methanol extract. The minimum inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract were 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL on agar plate and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL in broth media for four gram positive and four gram negative microbials. The methanol extract was fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol, orderly. The separate was developed on the TLC plate with different solvent system ratio of chloroform and methanol. Nine substances were isolated from chloroform and methanol mixture(9:1, v/v). Among them, three isolates showed antimicrobial activity. Three substances separated by HPLC were identified by GC/MS(EI) spectrum and $^1$H, /sup13/C-NMR spectrum. They were gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activities of each substances were shown gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol orderly.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 1999

The chemical and gelling properties of porphyran from Porphra yezoensis collected from Buan and Wido in Korea at different months of the year were studied. Crude porphyran was prepared by hot-water extraction and further purified by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation, Crude porphyran and porphyran were modified by alkali treatment to eliminate sulfate. The yields of alkali-modified crude porphyran (AMCP) and porphyran(AMP) were between $4.9\~10.9\%$ and $4.0\~6.7\%$ of the dried algae weight and were maximum in February for Buan and January for Wido, respectively. Gel strength of AMCP were highest in February ($790g/cm^2$) for Buan and January ($740 g/cm^2$) for Wido. Alkali modification increased 3,6-anhydro galactose content and the molar ratio of galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose of AMCP and AMP showed 1 : 0,8$\~$1.1. GLC and FT-IR measurement of AMP showed that most of sulfate residues were combined to C-6 of galactose, Thus, results of this study suggest that crude porphyran extracted from Porphra yezoensis produces an agar of a reasonably good quality after alkali treatment.