• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.547-550
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• 2000

The yeast Williopsis californica was shown to secrete a unique broad-spectrum killer toxin (Wicaltin) with antifungal activity against 14 yeast genera, including yeast-like and mycelial forms of the human pathogens Candida albicans and Sporothrix schenkii. Agar diffusion bioassays indicated that its activity was more pronounced than the antifungal potential of frequently used antimycotics; 0.07 pmol Wicaltin showed the same toxicity as 0.2 pmol miconazole and 29 pmol clotrimazole. Since the toxin's primary target would appear to be the yeast cell wall, Wicaltin may be attractive in combatting clinically relevant yeast and fungal infections.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1973

Biological determination of Pivampicillin hydrochloride was examined and an available method has been established. Unhydrolyzed Pivampicillin hydrochloride has no antibacterial activity, but it exhibits an antibacterial activity hydrolyzed with liberation of ampicillin by nonspecific enzymes present in blood and tissues from various species in vitro and in vivo. Using these properties, Pivampicillin hydrochloride can be determined as ampicillin by use of an agar-diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis as the assay organism.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1997

Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Xanthium strumarium L. was tested against 25 strains of bacteria, yeast and fungus. The crude ethylacetate extract exhibited strong growth inhibition to the tested strains with the exception of partial Gram-negative bacteria. The property of antimicrobial compound was very stable under heat treatment at $120^{\circ}C$, but it was unstable in acid (pH 3.0) and alkali (pH 10.0) treatment. The antimicrobial compounds were purified by boiling water extraction, ethylacetate extraction, charcoal column chromatography, silica gel column chro- matography and reverse phase HPLC. The purified compound A and B were detected in a single peak (each above 98% purity) through the HPLC analysis. The compound A and B showed a strong growth inhibition against Gram-negative and positive bacteria in the agar diffusion method. When tested by the FDA method using the esterase, compound A mainly inhibited the growth of bacteria and compound B showed the growth inhibition of both bacteria and yeasts.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

Yam was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Antibacterial activity of each extract was investigated. 1. Methanol extract of Yam was examed against to antibacterial effects on S. mutans KCTC 5316, P. gingivalis KCTC 5352, S. aureus KCTC 1927 by means of agar diffusion method. 2. The methanol extract of Yam was showed very powerfull antibacterial activity on S. mutans, but not showed on P. gingivalis, and S. aureus. 3. The MIC of Yam hexane fraction was 0.25 mg/ml for S. mutans KCTC 5316. 4. The Yam hexane fraction strong inhibited the growth of S. mutans, in the culture medium at concentration of 0.25 mg/ml.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 1978

Escherichiae-like organisms were isolated from rectal specimens of 56 children who were either in preschool age or in elementary school. The isolated strains were subjected to tests to screen enteropathogens producing heat-labile enterotoxin and susceptibility test to various antibiotics by disc diffusion method on agar plates. Production of heat-labile enterotoxin by the strains was assyed in the sensitive and reproducible cultured adrenal tumor cell system. The assay was sterodogenesis of the cell in the presence of heat-labile enterotoxin. Among 56 strains, gave positive reaction in the test of toxin production. This meant that about 10% of the children population objected to the study harbored the toxigenic strain of enteropathogenes. Some of these toxigenic strains were resistant to the antibiotics employed in the test. This study suggested that considerable population in Korea may harbor entertoxigenic E. coli as a part of intestinal normal flora. The toxigenic strains which are resistant to antibiotics may bring issue of public health in the future.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2003

Effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against Candida albicans was examined under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The GSE was extracted in ethanol. In-vitro results from an agar diffusion susceptibility assay showed the GSE inhibited C. albicans growth. This anticandidal effect was at dose-dependency. In experiments with animals, mice that received the GSE (0.5 mg per mice), intravenously (i.v.), before i.v.-infection wish viable C. albicans yeast cells survived longer than diluent (buffer)-received control mice. In contrast, when GSE was given to mice after the mice were infected with the yeast cells, these mice showed a similar survival rate as compared to control mice that received no treatment with the GSE. Taken together, these data indicate that GSE has prophylactic effect but not therapeutic effect against disseminated candidiasis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2005

Ethyl acetate extracts of traditional medicinal herbs were screened for their antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur through the liquid growth inhibition method with 96 well plate and the paper disk agar diffusion assay. Among the 91 kinds of herbal solvent extracts, borneolum (borneo-camphor, No. 56) was finally selected as the best antifungal effective medicinal herb. The MIC value of No. 56 against M. furfur was 0.3 mg/ml ($8.2{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml) and it was three times more efficient than midazole which is the known antifungal agent in clinical medicines.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1997

Three strains of W isolated from tobacco, tomato and Pepper plants in Korea were characterized based on biological response, serological relationship, and peptide mapping of the capsid Proteins. The strains designated as TMV-common, TMV-Pepper, and TMV-tomato could be distinguishable by different visual symptoms on 3 varieties of tobacco, one variety of tomato and Pepper for each among 27 plant specieces. Serological relationships were examined by agar gel double diffusion test. Only traceable or weak reaction was observed in the incompatible antigen-antibody combinations. The Pepper strain, however, showed trace in reaction with other two antisera. Peptide maps of the capsid proteins digested by V8 protease or by trypsin were also distinguishable, suggesting differences in composition and/or sequence of the amino acids among the strains.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 1982

Authors encountered a case of bovine viral leukosis in a young cattle (10 months old) with the following findings; Main clinical symptoms observed were emaciation, digestive disorder, and marked enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. Biopsied specimen of the lymph nodes revealed characteristic histological picture of bovine leukosis. A severe degree of leukocytosis (108,000/cmm) accompanied by marked lympocytosis (96%=103,680/cmm) was detected from the hematological examination of peripheral blood. Most of the lympocytes(94%=101,520) were large-sized, immature, and abnormal in their morphology. In addition, a pronounced anemia (1.78 million/cmm) without regenerative evidence of erythrocyte was noted. The serum of the patient showed positive reaction against gp antigen of bovine leukosis virus in agar-gel diffusion test.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.765-769
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• 2005

The essential oil fraction of Ostericum koreanum was analyzed by GC-MS. Inhibiting activities of this oil and its main components were tested by the broth dilution assay and disk diffusion test against one antibiotic-susceptible and two resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed thirty-four compounds; the main components were $\alpha$-pinene (41.12%), $\rho$-cresol (17.99%) and 4-methylacetophenone (7.90%). The essential oil of O. koreanum and its main components were significantly effective against the tested antibiotic-susceptible strains as well as against the resistant strains of the two Salmonella species, with MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) ranging from 2 mg/mL to 16 mg/mL. The anti-Salmonella effects of the oils were dose-dependent on $M\"{u}ller-Hinton$ agar plates in this experiment. Additionally, checkerboard titer test results demonstrated significant combined effects of streptomycin and O. koreanum oil or cresol, one of the main components of this oil, against the two streptomycin resistant strains of S. typhimurium, with FICIs ranging from 0.12 to 0.37.