• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.820-828
• /
• 2019

A highly reliable conductive adhesive obtained by transient liquid-phase sintering (TLPS) technologies is studied for use in high-power device packaging. TLPS involves the low-temperature reaction of a low-melting metal or alloy with a high-melting metal or alloy to form a reacted metal matrix. For a TLPS material (consisting of Ag-coated Cu, a Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 solder, and a volatile fluxing resin) used herein, the melting temperature of the metal matrix exceeds the bonding temperature. After bonding of the TLPS material, a unique melting peak of TLPS is observed at 356 ℃, consistent with the transient behavior of Ag₃Sn + Cu₆Sn₅ → liquid + Cu₃Sn reported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The TLPS material shows superior thermal conductivity as compared with other commercially available Ag pastes under the same specimen preparation conditions. In conclusion, the TLPS material can be a promising candidate for a highly reliable conductive adhesive in power device packaging because remelting of the SAC305 solder, which is widely used in conventional power modules, is not observed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dissolution components during corrosion of amalgams and to identify surface corrosion products in the modified Fusayama artificial saliva. Four type of amalgam alloys were used: low copper lathe cut amalgam alloy (Cavex 68), low copper spherical amalgam alloy (Caulk Spherical Alloy), high copper admixed amalgam alloy (Dispersalloy) and high copper single composition amalgam alloy (Tytin). Each amalgam alloy and Hg were triturated according to the manufacturer's direction by means of mechanical amalgamator (Capmaster, S.S.White), and then the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 10mm in diameter and 2.0mm in height and condensed with compression of 150kg/$cm^2$ using oil pressor. The specimens were removed from the mold and stored at room temperature for 7 days and cleansed with distiled water for 30 minutes in an ultrasonic cleaner. The specimens were immersed in the modified Fusayama artificial saliva for the periods of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The amounts of Hg, Cu, Sn and Zn dissolved from each amalgam specimen immersed in the artificial saliva for the periods of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months were measured using Inductivity Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICPQ-1000, Shimadzu, Japan) and amount of Ag dissolved from amalgam specimen was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Atomic Absorption/Flame emission spectrophotometer M-670, Shimadzu, Japan). A surface corrosion products of specimens were analysed using Electron Spectroscopy Chemical Analyser (ESCA PHI-558, PERKIN ELMER, U.S.A.). The secondary image and back scattered image of corroded surface of specimens was observed under the SEM, and the corroded surface of specimens was analysed with the EDX. The following results were obtained. 1. The dissolution amount of Cu was the most in high copper admixed amalgam(Dispersalloy) and the least in high copper single composition amalgam(Tytin). 2. Sn and Zn were dissolved during all the experiment periods, and dissolution amounts were decreased as the time elapsed. 3. Initial surface corrosion products were ZnO and SnO. 4. Corrosion of ${\gamma}$ and ${\gamma}_2$ phase in low copper amalgams was observed and Ag-Cu eutectic alloy phase was corroded in low copper spherical amalgam(Caulk Sperical Alloy). 5. Corrosion of ${\gamma}$ and $\eta$' phase in high copper amalgams was observed and Ag-Cu eutectic alloy phase was corroded in high copper admixed amalgam(Dispersalloy). 6. Sn-Cl was produced in the subsurface of low copper amalgams and high copper admixed amalgam.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2009

In the present study the effect of cooling rate during solidification on the microstructural characteristics of Al-xAg (x = 31, 33, 35 at.%) in-situ binary eutectic composites has been investigated. To provide a wide range of cooling rate three different casting techniques, i.e. conventional casting, injection casting, and melt spinning have been used. The observed microstructure is very much dependent on the cooling rate. The fcc ${\alpha}$-Al and hcp $Ag_2Al$ phases exhibits an orientation of (111)Al//(0001)$Ag_2Al$, [1-10]Al//[11- 20]$Ag_2Al$. The microstructure of the melt-spun samples contains Widmanstatten structure resulting from solid-state transformation and nano scale two-phase structure resulting from solid-state phase separation. The microstructure of injection-cast samples contains eutectic structure and solid state phase-separated structure. On the other hand, conventional-cast samples exhibit a microstructure consisted of plate-type eutectic structure.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated porcelain firing process on the corrosion rates of the dental alloys. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cr-Co, Cr-Ni and Pd-Ag alloys were used for this study. Each metal supported porcelain consisted of 30 specimens of 10 for 7, 9 and 11 firing each. Disc-shaped specimens 10 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness were formed by melting alloys with a propane-oxygen flame and casted with a centrifuge casting machine and then with the porcelain veneer fired onto the metal alloys. Corrosion tests were performed in quintuplicate for each alloy (after repeated porcelain firing) in Fusayama artificial saliva solution (pH = 5) in a low thermal-expansion borosilicate glass cell. Tamhane and Sheffe test was used to compare corrosion differences in the results after repeated firings and among 7, 9 and 11 firing for each alloy. The probability level for statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}$=0.05. RESULTS. The corrosion resistance was higher (30 mV), in case of 7 times firing (Commercial). On the other hand, it was lower in case of 11 times firing (5 mV) (P<.05). Conclusion. Repeated firings decreased corrosion resistance of Pd-Ag, Cr-Co and Cr-Ni alloys. The Pd-Ag alloy exhibited little corrosion in in vitro tests. The Cr-Ni alloy exhibited higher corrosion resistance than Cr-Co alloys in in vitro tests.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 1998

실용치과재료로 사용되고 있는 Ag-Pd-Cu 3 원계 합금의 시효석출과정을 Pd 및 Cu의 용질 농도의 조성비가 약 1.7인 합금과 이 합금에서 2wt%Au의 첨가합금에 미치는 영향을 조사 분석하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. Ag-25Pd-15Cu 3원 합금은 ${\alpha}$의 단일상에서 ${\alpha}_1$ (Cu-rich), ${\alpha}_2$(Ag-rich) 및 PdCu 규칙상에 의해서 경화반응이 진행되며 연속승온시효에 의하면 $100{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 저항증가와 $300{\sim}500^{\circ}C$의 저항감소라고 하는 2단계 변화에 의해서 경화곡선이 얻어졌다. 또한 본 합금의 시효과정은 ${\alpha}{\to}{\alpha}+{\alpha}_2+PdCu{\to}{\alpha}_1+{\alpha}_2+PdCu$이고 2상분리 반응에 경화되며 최고경화는 ${\alpha}_1,\;{\alpha}_2$ 및 PdCu 규칙상의 혼합영역에서 나타났다. 이들 석출반응은 입계반응이고 반응의 진행과 함께 경도값은 상승하고 경화촉진에 기여하였다. 또한 Nodule은 미세한 lamella조직을 나타내고 이들 ${\alpha}_2$와 PdCu상과의 미세한 혼합상의형성이 시효경화에 기여하는 주된 원인이 되었다. 과시효는 lamella의 조대화와 PdCu상의 ${\alpha}2$상으로의 용해에 따른 정량적 감소에 대응하였다. 석출상은 thin lamella구조의 잘 방위된 미세한 판상석출물로서 이들 미세 판상석출물은 AuCu($L1_0$)type의 face-centered tetragonal(fct)의 초격자구조였다. 규칙화된 미세한 판상석출물은 stair-step mode로서 twinning에 의해 형성되며 이것은 시효에 의해 $L1_0$ type의 PdCu 규칙상과 같은 초격자 형성시 정방비틀림 때문이라고 생각된다. 이들 twinning lamella는 귀금속원소에 의해 형성된 $L1_0$ type의 PdCu 규칙상과 같기 때문에 이들 합금의 부식저항에도 기여하였다. Ag-25Pd-15Cu합금은 전반적으로 양호한 내식성을 나타내며 Pd.Cu=1인 합금에서보다도 Pd함량이 높은 Pd/Cu=1.7에서 내식성이 보다 우수한 것은 Pd 함량이 내식성에 기여하였고 2%Au의 첨가에 의해서 부식성을 개선할 수 있었다.

• 공학논문집
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 1998

생체적합성이 뛰어난 Hydroxyapatite(HAp)를 Wet Chemical Process로 만든 후 Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD)를 이용하여 Ti-6Al-4V의 표면에 coating 시켰다. 그런후 5ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, 100ppm의 $AgNO_3$용액으로 HAp의 Ca이온과 Ag이온을 치환시켰다. 본 논문에서는 Ag-HAp로 coating된 Ti-6Al-4V를 만들어 항균효과와 생체적합성을 연구하였다. 먼저 생체 대체재료 이식수술시 감염이 큰 2가지 종류의 bacteria (P. Aeruginosa, S. Epidermidis)로 항균 test를 하였고, 그 결과 20ppm의 $AgNO_3$로 처리한 Ti-6Al-4V에서 우수한 항균성이 관찰되었다. 또한 생체적합성 연구을 위해 osteoblast와 macrophages로 생체적합성 실험을 하여 SEM으로 관찰한 결과, 5ppm과 10ppm의 $AgNO_3$로 처리한 Ti-6Al-4V 에서 좋은 생체적합성을 보였다. HAp의 Ca 이온에 치환된 Ag 이온의 항균원리를 관찰하기 위하여, 가장 일반적인 bacteria인 E. coli를 Ag-HAp로 처리한 후 transmission electron microscope (TEM)으로 관찰하였다. Ag-HAp로 처리한 E. coli에서 cell wall과 cytoplasm이 파괴된 것이 관찰되었고, cytoplasm에서는 검은점이 발견되었다. 이 검은점을 Energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX)로 분석한 결과 미량의 Ag이온이 검출되었다. 이로써 Ag 이온이 효과적으로 Bacteria를 파괴하여 항균효과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과재료학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 포세린 소성과정 동안 금속하부구조물의 경도가 하강하는 문제점을 개선하기 위해 모의소성 시 산화처리 단계에서 서냉(bench cooling) 대신 급랭(ice-quenching)으로 합금을 냉각시킴으로써 나머지 소성단계 동안 경화효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예측하고, 이를 확인하기 위해 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 Pd-Ag-Sn-Au계 금속-세라믹용 합금을 사용하여 실험을 진행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 산화처리 후 stage 0으로 냉각한 시편과 산화처리 후 급랭한 시편을 glaze까지 모의소성한 결과, 두 시편 모두 소성 첫 단계에서 경도가 상승한 후 지속적으로 경도가 하강하였으나, 산화처리 후 급랭한 시편의 최종 경도가 더 높게 나타났다. 소성 첫 단계에서 일어난 경도의 상승은 면심입방구조의 Pd-Ag-rich 기지에서 면심정방구조의 Pd3(Sn, Ga, In)상의 석출로 인해 기지와 석출물간의 계면에 생성된 격자변형에 기인하였다. 모의소성과정에 따른 경도의 하강은 석출물이 조대화됨에 따라 석출물과 기지사이의 계면의 면적이 감소되어 격자 뒤틀림이 해소된 것에 기인하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.392-398
• /
• 2020

Producing solar grade silicon using an inexpensive method is a key factor in lowering silicon solar cell costs; the direct electrochemical reduction of SiO₂ in molten salt is one of the more promising candidates for manufacturing this silicon. In this study, SiO₂ granules were electrochemically reduced in molten CaCl₂ (850℃) using Ag-Si eutectic droplets that catalyze electrochemical reduction and purify the Si product. When Ag is used as the working electrode, the Ag-Si eutectic mixture is formed naturally during SiO₂ reduction. However, since the Ag-Si eutectic droplets are liquid at 850℃, they are easily lost during the reduction process. To minimize the loss of liquid Ag-Si eutectic droplets, a cylindrical graphite container working electrode was introduced and Ag was added separately to the working electrode along with the SiO₂ granules. The graphite container working electrode successfully prevented the loss of the Ag-Si eutectic droplets during reduction. As a result, the Ag-Si eutectic droplets acted as stable catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of SiO₂, thereby producing one-dimensional Si rods through a mechanism similar to that of vapor-liquid-solid growth.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 1995

$Fe_{87}Zr_{7}B_{6}$(at.%)조성의 합금에 Fe에 대해 비고용원소인 Ag를 B와 1.0at.% 치환한 $Fe_{87}Zr_{7}B_{5}Ag_{1}$(at.%) 조성의 비정질리본을 액체급냉법으로 제조하여, 연자 기특성을 조사하였다. 급냉응고된 비정질리본의 연자기특성을 향상시키기 위하여 $300~600^{\circ}C$에서 $50^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 열처리한 후, 비정질리본의 연자기특성 및 미세조직의 변화를 조사하였다. 열처리방 법은 진공분위기에서 무자장중 열처리하여 상온까지 노냉했다. $Fe_{87}Zr_{7}B_{5}Ag_{1}$ 비 정질리본을 $400^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 등온열처리하였 때, 보자력$(H_{c})$ 15 mOe, 초투자율$(\mu_{i})$ 288,000(1kHz, 2mOe) 그리고 철손$(W_{c})$ 50 W/kg(100kHz, 1,000G)이라는 Co계 비정질합금에 필적할 수 있는 대단히 우수한 연자성재료가 개발되었다. 이와 같은 우수한 연자기특성은 Fe 와 비고용원소인 Ag 를 소량 첨가함에 따라 열처리에 의해 2~3 nm 크기의 미세한 Fe-rich cluster 형성에 따른 전기저항의 증가, 자왜의 감소 그리고 자구(domain) 크기의 감소에 기인한다고 생각된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2010

The many vessels are built with FRP(Fiber-Reinforced Plastic) material for small boats and medium vessels. However, FRP is impossible to be used for recyclable material owing to environmental problems and causes large proportion of collision accidents because radar reflection wave is so weak that large vessels could not detect FRP ships during the sailing. Hence, Al alloy comes into the spotlight to solve these kinds of problems as a new-material for next generation instead of FRP. Al alloy ships are getting widely introduced for fish and leisure boats to save fuel consumption due to lightweight. In this study, it was selected 6061-T6 Al alloy which are mainly used for Al-ships and carried out various electrochemical experiment such as potential, anodic/cathodic polarization, Tafel analysis, potentiostatic experiment and surface morphologies observation after potentiostatic experiment for 1200 sec by using the SEM equipment to evaluate optimum corrosion protection potential in sea water. It is concluded that the optimum corrosion protection potential range is -1.4 V ~ -0.7 V(Ag/AgCl) for 6061-T6 Al alloy, in the case of application of ICCP(Impressed current cathodic protection), which was shown the lowest current density at the electrochemical experiment and good specimen surface morphologies after potentiostatic experiment for Al-Mg-Si(6061-T6) Al alloy in seawater environment.