• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-137
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• 1995

The Mesozoic Geumsan granitic rocks of various composition are distributed in the Geumsan district, the central part of the Ogcheon Fold Belt. About 40 ore deposits of $CaF_2{\pm}Au{\pm}Ag{\pm}Cu{\pm}Pb{\pm}Zn$ are widely distributed in this district and are believed to be genetically related to the granitic rocks. Based on their petrography and geochemistry, the granitic rocks in this district can be classified into two groups ; the Group I( equigranular leucocratic granite, porphyritic biotite granite, porphyritic pink-feldspar granite, seriate leucocratic granite) and the Group II(seriate pinkfeldspar granite, equigranular alkali-feldspar granite, equigranular pink-feldspar granite, miarolitic pink-feldspar granite, equigranular biotite granite). Interpreted from their isotopic dating data and geochemical characteristics, the Group I and the Group II are inferred to be emplaced during the Jurassic(~184Ma), and the Cretaceous to the early Tertiary period(~59Ma), respectively. Both Group I and Group II generally belong to magnetite-series granitoids. The Cretaceous granitic rocks of Group II are more highly evolved than those of the Jurassic Group I. The Rb-Sr variation diagram suggests that the granitic rocks of the Jurassic Group I and of the Cretaceous Group II be evolved mainly during the processes of fractional crystallization and partial melting, respectively.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2005

Let ${\cal{L}}$ be a commutative subspace lattice on a Hilbert space ${\cal{H}}$ and X and Y be operators on ${\cal{H}}$. Let $${\cal{M}}_X=\{{\sum}{\limits_{i=1}^n}E_{i}Xf_{i}:n{\in}{\mathbb{N}},f_{i}{\in}{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_{i}{\in}{\cal{L}}\}$$ and $${\cal{M}}_Y=\{{\sum}{\limits_{i=1}^n}E_{i}Yf_{i}:n{\in}{\mathbb{N}},f_{i}{\in}{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_{i}{\in}{\cal{L}}\}.$$ Then the following are equivalent. (i) There is an operator A in $Alg{\cal{L}}$ such that AX = Y, Ag = 0 for all g in ${\overline{{\cal{M}}_X}}^{\bot},A^*A=AA^*$ and every E in ${\cal{L}}$ reduces A. (ii) ${\sup}\;\{K(E, f)\;:\;n\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{N}},f_i\;{\in}\;{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_i\;{\in}\;{\cal{L}}\}\;<\;\infty,\;{\overline{{\cal{M}}_Y}}\;{\subset}\;{\overline{{\cal{M}}_X}}$and there is an operator T acting on ${\cal{H}}$ such that ${\langle}EX\;f,Tg{\rangle}={\langle}EY\;f,Xg{\rangle}$ and ${\langle}ET\;f,Tg{\rangle}={\langle}EY\;f,Yg{\rangle}$ for all f, g in ${\cal{H}}$ and E in ${\cal{L}}$, where $K(E,\;f)\;=\;{\parallel}{\sum{\array}{n\\i=1}}\;E_{i}Y\;f_{i}{\parallel}/{\parallel}{\sum{\array}{n\\i=1}}\;E_{i}Xf_{i}{\parallel}$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1984

Pseudomonas stutzeri IAM 12097이 생산(生産)하는 Exo-maltotetraohydrolase의 gel filtration에 의하여 추정(推定)된 분자량(分子量)은 60,000이었고, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에 의하여 추정(推定)된 분자량(分子量)은 63,000이었으며 등전점(等電點)은 PH 4.8이었다. 최적(最適)pH는 6.6, PH안정(安定)범위는 $6.0{\sim}10.5$, 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $45{\sim}50^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$이하(以下)에서는 안정(安定)하였으며, $55^{\circ}C$이상(以上)에서는 급격하게 불활성화(不活性化)되었다. 본효소(本酵素)는 $Ag^+,\; Hg^{++},\;I_2,\;{\beta}-cycoldextrin$에 의하여 완전(完全)히 저해(沮害)되었고 EDTA, ${\rho}-CMB$, IAA에 의하여 약간 저해(沮害)되었다. soluble starch, amylopectin, amylose에 대(對)한 Michaelis constant(Km)는 각각(各各) 7.70mg/ml, 6.17mg/ml, 5.56mg/ml이었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.491-503
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• 2017

The effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were evaluated on growth inhibition of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in host ARPE-19 cells. The number of tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) was counted after treatment with TKIs. T. gondii protein expression was assessed by western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was performed using Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) and T. gondii GRA3 antibodies. The TKIs were divided into 3 groups; non-epidermal growth factor receptor (non-EGFR), anti-human EGFR 2 (anti-HER2), and anti-HER2/4 TKIs, respectively. Group I TKIs (nintedanib, AZD9291, and sunitinib) were unable to inhibit proliferation without destroying host cells. Group II TKIs (lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, and AG1478) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to control pyrimethamine ($5{\mu}M$) at $20{\mu}M$ and higher, without affecting host cells. Group III TKIs (neratinib, dacomitinib, afatinib, and pelitinib) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to pyrimethamine at $1-5{\mu}M$, but host cells were destroyed at $10-20{\mu}M$. In Group I, TgHSP90 and SAG1 inhibitions were weak, and GRA3 expression was moderately inhibited. In Group II, TgHSP90 and SAG1 expressions seemed to be slightly enhanced, while GRA3 showed none to mild inhibition; however, AG1478 inhibited all proteins moderately. Protein expression was blocked in Group III, comparable to pyrimethamine. PDCD4 and GRA3 were well localized inside the nuclei in Group I, mildly disrupted in Group II, and were completely disrupted in Group III. This study suggests the possibility of a vital T. gondii TK having potential HER2/4 properties, thus anti-HER2/4 TKIs may inhibit intracellular parasite proliferation with minimal adverse effects on host cells.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.389-398
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• 1998

옥남 금-은 광상은 소백산육괴 선캠브리아기 율리층의 흑운모편암 및 천매암 내에 발달하는 함금-은 능망간석맥으로 산출된다. 광맥의 상호 구조에 근거하여 5회의 광물 침전기 (stage)가 인지되며, 각 시기는 특징적인 광물 조합을 나타낸다. 함금-은 맥(광화 3기)에서의 정출 광물은 맥의 연변부로부터 내측으로 가면서 다음과 같이 변화한다: 유비철석+황철석 (암색 능망간석 밴드 내)$\Rightarrow$섬아연석+황동석+방연석+에렉트럼 (담색 능망간석 밴드 내)$\Rightarrow$ 방연석+함은 광물 (정동 부위). 유체포유물 자료에 의하면, 광화유체의 온도 및 염농도는 시간에 따라 전반적으로 다음과 같이 감소했음을 지시한다: 광화 I기 (석영맥 광화작용), $345^{\circ}{\sim}240^{\circ}C$, 3.4~7.8 wt.% NaCl 상당농도; 함망간 탄산염기 (II 및 III), 3130-2070C, 2.3-8.7 wt.% NaCl; 광화 4기 (석영맥 광화작용), $328^{\circ}{\sim}213^{\circ}C$, 3.6~5.4 wt.% NaCl. 광화유체는 냉각 희석 상태의 순환강우의 혼입과 주기적으로 반복된 버등을 통하여 진화한 것으로 사료되며, 유체포유물 자료와 지질 증거에 의하면 광화작용 중 양력은 90~340 bar이었다. 금은 함은량이 높은 에렉트럼 (21~29 atom.% Au)으로 산출되며 주로 $300^{\circ}{\sim}240^{\circ}C$ 사이의 온도에서 침전되었다. 열역학적 검토에 의하면, 금은 pH의 증가와 더불어 온도, 유황분압 및 산소분압의 감소에 의해 침전하였으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.318-324
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• 1998

A ${\beta}$-galactosidase with high transgalactosylic activity was purified from a Bacillus species, registered as KFCC10855. The enzyme preparation showed a single protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 150 kDa on SDS-PAGE and gave a single peak with the estimated molecular mass of 250 kDa on Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, suggesting that the enzyme is a homodimeric protein. The amino acid and sugar analyses revealed that the enzyme is a glycoprotein, containing 19.2 weight percent of sugar moieties, and is much more abundant in hydrophilic amino acid residues than in hydrophobic residues, the mole ratio being about 2:1. The pI and optimum pH were determined to be 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Having a temperature optimum at $70^{\circ}C$ for the hydrolysis of lactose, the enzyme showed good thermal stability. The activity of the enzyme preparation was markedly increased by the presence of exogenous Mg (II) and was decreased by the addition of EDTA. Among the metal ions examined, the most severely inhibitory effect was seen with Ag (I) and Hg (II). Further, results of protein modification by various chemical reagents implied that 1 cysteine, 1 histidine, and 2 methionine residues occur in certain critical sites of the enzyme, most likely including the active site. Enzyme kinetic parameters, measured for both hydrolysis and transgalactosylation of lactose, indicated that the enzyme has an excellent catalytic efficiency for formation of the transgalactosylic products in reaction mixtures containing high concentrations of the substrate.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2005

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important pig pathogen, which is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection. To develop subunit vaccines for A. pleuropneumoniae infection, the Apx toxin genes, apxI and apxII, which are thought to be important for protective immunity, were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the induction of immune responses in mice was examined. The apxI and apxII genes were placed under the control of a yeast hybrid ADH2-GPD promoter (AG), consisting of alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH2) and the GPD promoter. Western blot analysis confirmed that both toxins were successfully expressed in the yeast. The ApxIA and ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody response assays showed dose dependent increases in the antigen-specific IgG antibody titers. The challenge test revealed that ninety percent of the mice immunized with ApxIIA or a mixture of ApxIA and ApxIIA, and sixty percent of mice immunized with ApxIA survived, while none of those in the control groups survived longer than 36 h. These results suggest that vaccination of the yeast ex­pressing the ApxI and ApxII antigens is effective for the induction of protective immune responses against A. pleuropneumoniae infections in mice.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.227-227
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• 2016

• 대한수학회보
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1757-1771
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• 2017

Let K be a field and G be a group of its automorphisms. It follows from Speiser's generalization of Hilbert's Theorem 90, [10] that any K-semilinear representation of the group G is isomorphic to a direct sum of copies of K, if G is finite. In this note three examples of pairs (K, G) are presented such that certain irreducible K-semilinear representations of G admit a simple description: (i) with precompact G, (ii) K is a field of rational functions and G permutes the variables, (iii) K is a universal domain over field of characteristic zero and G its automorphism group. The example (iii) is new and it generalizes the principal result of [7].

• 자원환경지질
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.223-234
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• 1987

This paper describes the mode of occurrence and mineralogical properties of electrum from the Namseong Gold-Silver deposits, for the purpose of obtaining data on the characteristics of the ore deposits and the behavior of gold and silver during the mineralization. The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, fluorite. Ore minerals are mainly composed of pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena with minor amount of argentite, electrum, pyrargyrite, native silver and unidenfied mineral(Cu-Fe-Ag-S series). Three stage of mineralization recognized are, from early to later, (I) pyrite-electrum stage (II) sphalerite-chalcopyrite-galena-argentite-electrum stage (III) sulfosalts stage. The filling temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from $225^{\circ}$ to $335^{\circ}C$. The value of sulfur fugacity estimated by means of electrum-tarnish method ranges from $10^{-11.5}$ to $10^{-14}$ atm. The compositional heterogeneity within a single grain with respect to gold concentration is common in the Namseong electrums Chemical composition of electrum ranges generally between 25~45 atom% Au. Its gold content decreases in late stages of mineralization.