• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

In Korea, it is required to install the final cover layer immediately after the end of use of the waste landfill, and to conduct aftercare for 30 years. However, the installation of the final cover layer minimizing the penetration of the rainfall will delay the decomposition of the buried organic wastes and reduce the amount of pollutants released into the leachate. Therefore, at the end of the aftercare period, pollutants might be discharged and cause the pollution of the surrounding environment. In this study, using lab-scale lysimeters, the amount of pollutants discharged into the leachate was observed. At the initial stage, same artificial rainfall was injected, and after 7 months later, different reduced artificial rainfall was injected for 8.4 months assuming as the final soil layer was installed. From the results, it was advantageous in terms of environmental management after the end of the aftercare period to install a temporary cover layer that permits the infiltration of rainfall to some extent rather than to install the final cover layer immediately after the end of use of the waste landfill.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2016

In Korea, prostate cancer accounted for generating growth rate second the following thyroid cancer, because of western dietary habits. Survival rate of prostate cancer after clinical behavior is changed depend on follow-up management. A telemedicine have been applied to replacement of medical specialist in rural area, and a quick reaction to emergency situation. Our study developed prostate 3-dimensional (3D) visualization program and designed prostate aftercare system architecture, called smart care, using a device that can access the Internet. Region of interest (ROI) in prostate was manually segmented by physicians and visualized to 3D objects and sent to PACS Server as DICOM images. So, medical personnel could confirm patients' data along with 3D images not only PACS system, but also portable device like a smart phone. As a result, we conducted the aftercare service to 98 patients and visualize 3D prostate images. 3D images had advantage to instinctively apprehend where lesion is and make patients to understand state of their disease easily. In the future, should conduct an aftercare service to more patients, and will obtain numerical index through follow-up study to an accurate analysis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.497-511
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials. Methods: Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. 'Notices for Parents' forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively. Results: The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: , , , , , , , , , , , and . Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 ± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 ± 0.9. The most satisfying content was 'Did you get to know how to eat evenly?'. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: 'Five nutrients needed for growing children' and 'Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foods'. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 ± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the 'Notices for Parents' form. Conclusions: In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-52
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• 2014

For landfill monitoring and aftercare, long-term prognoses of emission and deformation behaviour are required. Landfills may be considered as heterogeneous porous soil-like structures, in which flow and transport processes of gases and liquids interact with local material degradation and mechanical deformation of the solid skeleton. Therefore, in the framework of continuous porous media mechanics a model is developed that permits the investigation of coupled mechanical, hydraulical and biochemical processes in municipal solid waste landfills.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

In ancient East Asia surgical methods existed even before the modern surgical methods were introduced. These surgical methods were mainly used to treat tumor, bruises, and dermatosis. The methods include many techniques such as making incisions in the skin, tell when to operate, and the aftercare following an operation. The traditional ways are not practiced any more due to its being replaced by the anesthesia techniques originating from the West, but the ancient methods can still be found in documents and these methods can be reproduced through such documents. There is a possibility that this ancient method could replace the present day method because of its nature-friendly characteristic as well as its post-operation management.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2021

Hepatitis C infection is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates globally as well as for significant indirect costs. The disease burden caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparable to the one caused by human immunodeficiency virus or tuberculosis. Today, simple detection methods, highly effective and easy to administer therapies and efficient preventative measures are available to combat hepatitis C. Nevertheless, in most countries around the world, the World Health Organization target of eliminating this infectious disease and its consequences by 2030 are not being met. Significant gaps in care for hepatitis C sufferers still exist, the shortcomings ranging from education and treatment to aftercare. Hepatitis C infection was and still is not on the radar of most politicians and health authorities. National programmes and strategies to combat the disease exist or are being developed in many countries. However, for these to be implemented efficiently and successfully, clear political commitment, strong civil society actors, well-functioning public health structures and the relevant support from global donors are needed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate several risk factors related to re-ulceration of diabetic foot including psychosocial aspects such as familial support and degree of independence of patients' activity. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records and performed telephone interview with eighty-five patients who had a history of hospitalization in our hospital due to diabetic foot ulceration from year 2002 to 2010. Based on the collected data, we analyzed several factors such as age, gender, prevalence duration, accompanying diseases, HbA1c level, degree of independence and familial support. Results: The mean age was 61.4 years and most common in the 4th decade. There were 57 cases (67%) of recurrence, predominance of male. Eleven patients with recurrent diabetic foot ulceration had undergone major amputations. Psychosocial problems such as depression, insufficient familial support and mortality were more frequently observed in recurrent group. Conclusion: This study shows that psychosocial factor such as familial support for patient with diabetic foot could be important to reduce the recurrence rate of diabetic foot ulceration. Therefore, we should pay attention to strategic plans for prevention, screening, treatment, and aftercare through the prospective studies including psychosocial risk factor in diabetic foot ulceration.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1465-1475
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• 2013

The chi-square type test statistic is the most commonly used test in terms of measuring testing goodness-of-fit for multinomial logistic regression model, which has its grouped data (binomial data) and ungrouped (binary) data classified by a covariate pattern. Chi-square type statistic is not a satisfactory gauge, however, because the ungrouped Pearson chi-square statistic does not adhere well to the chi-square statistic and the ungrouped Pearson chi-square statistic is also not a satisfactory form of measurement in itself. Currently, goodness-of-fit in the ordinal setting is often assessed using the Pearson chi-square statistic and deviance tests. These tests involve creating a contingency table in which rows consist of all possible cross-classifications of the model covariates, and columns consist of the levels of the ordinal response. I examined goodness-of-fit tests for a proportional odds logistic regression model-the most commonly used regression model for an ordinal response variable. Using a simulation study, I investigated the distribution and power properties of this test and compared these with those of three other goodness-of-fit tests. The new test had lower power than the existing tests; however, it was able to detect a greater number of the different types of lack of fit considered in this study. I illustrated the ability of the tests to detect lack of fit using a study of aftercare decisions for psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2013

Objective : The main topic of this study is how the contribution of Treatiseon Febrile Diseases and midcellaneous diseases written by Zhang Zhongjing(张仲景) to the theory of spleen and stomach has been. Method : Analysis of formula in Treatiseon Febrile Diseases and midcellaneous diseases with theoretical and historical perspectives is the main method of the study. Result : The theory of spleen and stomach，which is formed in the long term medical practice, is the important component theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Zhongjing made a great contribution to the theory of spleen and stomach from disease prevention, the contraindication, drug usage, aftercare and so on in Treatiseon Febrile Diseases and midcellaneous diseases, which fully shows the academic ideals of strengthening spleen and stomach. Conclusion : Helping to study Treatiseon Febrile Diseases and midcellaneous diseases and understand the thought of Zhang Zhongjing, and gives reference to the theory of spleen and stomach' research in Treatiseon Febrile Diseases and midcellaneous diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2001

In the stage of aftercare in waste landfill management, it is very difficult to estimate the decomposition of landfill waste by excavation which damages the low permeability layer. This study developed the method to analyze the amount of landfill waste degraded bio-chemically as the types of leachate and gas, and applied the method to Nanjido landfill(NL). Application result showed that 70% of high biodegradable waste in NL was transformed to gas and leachate by 2000. Also this study suggested that the transformed portions of waste name for "Decomposition Index" at that time and the proposed method must be modified according to the biological condition of waste degradation.