Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.151

Trends of the Global Hepatitis C Disease Burden: Strategies to Achieve Elimination  

Brunner, Nathalie (Swiss Hepatitis)
Bruggmann, Philip (Swiss Hepatitis)
Publication Information
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health / v.54, no.4, 2021 , pp. 251-258 More about this Journal
Abstract
Hepatitis C infection is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates globally as well as for significant indirect costs. The disease burden caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparable to the one caused by human immunodeficiency virus or tuberculosis. Today, simple detection methods, highly effective and easy to administer therapies and efficient preventative measures are available to combat hepatitis C. Nevertheless, in most countries around the world, the World Health Organization target of eliminating this infectious disease and its consequences by 2030 are not being met. Significant gaps in care for hepatitis C sufferers still exist, the shortcomings ranging from education and treatment to aftercare. Hepatitis C infection was and still is not on the radar of most politicians and health authorities. National programmes and strategies to combat the disease exist or are being developed in many countries. However, for these to be implemented efficiently and successfully, clear political commitment, strong civil society actors, well-functioning public health structures and the relevant support from global donors are needed.
Keywords
Hepatitis C; Policy; HIV; Awareness; Public health;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 World Health Organization. Monitoring and evaluation for viral hepatitis B and C: recommended indicators and framework; 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204790.
2 Umutesi G, Shumbusho F, Kateera F, Serumondo J, Kabahizi J, Musabeyezu E, et al. Rwanda launches a 5-year national hepatitis C elimination plan: a landmark in sub-Saharan Africa. J Hepatol 2019;70(6):1043-1045.   DOI
3 Devi S. Ukrainian health authorities adopt hepatitis C project. Lancet 2020;396(10246):228.   DOI
4 Douglass CH, Pedrana A, Lazarus JV, 't Hoen EF, Hammad R, Leite RB, et al. Pathways to ensure universal and affordable access to hepatitis C treatment. BMC Med 2018;16(1):175.   DOI
5 Chhatwal J, He T, Lopez-Olivo MA. Systematic review of modelling approaches for the cost effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals. Pharmacoeconomics 2016;34(6):551-567.   DOI
6 Tordrup D, Hutin Y, Stenberg K, Lauer JA, Hutton DW, Toy M, et al. Additional resource needs for viral hepatitis elimination through universal health coverage: projections in 67 low-income and middle-income countries, 2016-30. Lancet Glob Health 2019;7(9):e1180-e1188.   DOI
7 Scott N, Kuschel C, Pedrana A, Schroeder S, Howell J, Thompson A, et al. A model of the economic benefits of global hepatitis C elimination: an investment case. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5(10):940-947.   DOI
8 World Health Organization. Guidelines for the care and treatment of persons diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection; 2018 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550345.
9 Scherz N, Bruggmann P, Brunner N. Direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection among people receiving opioid agonist treatment or heroin assisted treatment. Int J Drug Policy 2018;62:74-77.   DOI
10 Global Commission on Drug Policy. The negative impact of the war on drugs on public health: the hidden hepatitis C epidemic; 2013 [cited 2021 Jul 1]. Available from: https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/28474/1/GCDP_HepatitisC_2013_EN.pdf.
11 Blindenbacher R, Maeschli B, Bruggmann P. The Swiss hepatitis strategy as a model for facing future health policy challenges. Health Policy 2019;123(7):681-687.   DOI
12 Jhaveri R, Broder T, Bhattacharya D, Peters MG, Kim AY, Jonas MM. Universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis C: the time is now. Clin Infect Dis 2018;67(10):1493-1497.   DOI
13 Deuffic-Burban S, Huneau A, Verleene A, Brouard C, Pillonel J, Le Strat Y, et al. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C screening strategies in France. J Hepatol 2018;69(4):785-792.   DOI
14 Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Henry L, Younossi I, Weinstein A, Nader F, et al. Association of work productivity with clinical and patient-reported factors in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Viral Hepat 2016;23(8):623-630.   DOI
15 Lindgren P, Lofvendahl S, Bradvik G, Weiland O. Reduced work absenteeism in patients with hepatitis C treated with secondgeneration direct-acting antivirals. J Viral Hepat 2021;28(1):142-146.   DOI
16 Kind J, Maeschli B, Bruggmann P. In the shadow of HIV: the Cinderella hepatitis C. Suchtmed 2019;21(3):103-110.
17 Negro F, Weis N, Lazaru J. EASL policy statement hepatitis C elimination; 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 10]. Available from: https://easl.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/EASL-Policy-Statement-on-Hepatitis-C-Elimination_June2019.pdf.
18 Australian Government Department of Health. Fifth national hepatitis C strategy 2018-2022; 2018 [cited 2021 Jul 1]. Available from: https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-bbvs-1/$File/Hep-C-Fifth-Nat-Strategy-2018-22.pdf.
19 Razavi H, Sanchez Gonzalez Y, Yuen C, Cornberg M. Global timing of hepatitis C virus elimination in high-income countries. Liver Int 2020;40(3):522-529.   DOI
20 Pedrana A, Howell J, Scott N, Schroeder S, Kuschel C, Lazarus JV, et al. Global hepatitis C elimination: an investment framework. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5(10):927-939.   DOI
21 Maticic M, Pirnat Z, Leicht A, Zimmermann R, Windelinck T, Jauffret-Roustide M, et al. The civil society monitoring of hepatitis C response related to the WHO 2030 elimination goals in 35 European countries. Harm Reduct J 2020;17(1):89.   DOI
22 Yang S, Wang D, Zhang Y, Yu C, Ren J, Xu K, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B and C virus infection through body piercing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94(47):e1893.   DOI
23 Prati D. Transmission of viral hepatitis by blood and blood derivatives: current risks, past heritage. Dig Liver Dis 2002;34(11):812-817.   DOI
24 Cacoub P, Buggisch P, Carrion JA, Cooke GS, Zignego AL, Beckerman R, et al. Direct medical costs associated with the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection in Europe. J Viral Hepat 2018;25(7):811-817.   DOI
25 Lavanchy D. Evolving epidemiology of hepatitis C virus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17(2):107-115.   DOI
26 Dodd RY, Notari EP 4th, Stramer SL. Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window-period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population. Transfusion 2002;42(8):975-979.   DOI
27 Pozzetto B, Memmi M, Garraud O, Roblin X, Berthelot P. Health care-associated hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(46):17265-17278.   DOI
28 Jafari S, Copes R, Baharlou S, Etminan M, Buxton J. Tattooing and the risk of transmission of hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14(11):e928-e940.   DOI
29 Ward JW, Hinman AR. What Is needed to eliminate hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus as global health threats. Gastroenterology 2019;156(2):297-310.   DOI
30 Smith S, Harmanci H, Hutin Y, Hess S, Bulterys M, Peck R, et al. Global progress on the elimination of viral hepatitis as a major public health threat: an analysis of WHO Member State responses 2017. JHEP Rep 2019;1(2):81-89.   DOI
31 Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;2(3):161-176.   DOI
32 Nijmeijer BM, Koopsen J, Schinkel J, Prins M, Geijtenbeek TB. Sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus infections: current trends, and recent advances in understanding the spread in men who have sex with men. J Int AIDS Soc 2019;22(S6):e25348.
33 Grebely J, Applegate TL, Cunningham P, Feld JJ. Hepatitis C point-of-care diagnostics: in search of a single visit diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017;17(12):1109-1115.   DOI
34 Falade-Nwulia O, Suarez-Cuervo C, Nelson DR, Fried MW, Segal JB, Sulkowski MS. Oral direct-acting agent therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2017;166(9):637-648.   DOI
35 World Health Organization. Accelerating access to hepatitis C diagnostics and treatment: overcoming barriers in low- and middle-income countries. Global progress report 2020; 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240019003.
36 World Health Organization. Progress report on access to hepatitis C treatment: focus on overcoming barriers in low- and middle-income countries; 2018 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/progress-report-on-access-to-hepatitis-c-treatment.
37 GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018;392(10159):1736-1788.   DOI
38 Schatz E. The importance of civil society involvement in eliminating hepatitis C. EMJ Hepatol 2017;5(1):48-49.
39 World Health Organization. Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2021. Towards ending viral hepatitis; 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/246177.
40 World Health Organization. Sixty-seventh World Health Assembly (WHA67.6): hepatitis; 2014 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.worldhepatitisalliance.org/sites/default/files/resources/documents/WHA67.6.pdf.
41 World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report, 2017 [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-hepatitis-report-2017.
42 Younossi Z, Park H, Henry L, Adeyemi A, Stepanova M. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C: a meta-analysis of prevalence, quality of life, and economic burden. Gastroenterology 2016;150(7):1599-1608.   DOI
43 Lee KK, Stelzle D, Bing R, Anwar M, Strachan F, Bashir S, et al. Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4(10):794-804.   DOI
44 Kattakuzhy S, Gross C, Emmanuel B, Teferi G, Jenkins V, Silk R, et al. Expansion of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by task shifting to community-based nonspecialist providers: a nonrandomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 2017;167(5):311-318.   DOI
45 Martin NK, Hickman M, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg DJ, Vickerman P. Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2013;57(Suppl 2):S39-S45.   DOI
46 Olafsson S, Tyrfingsson T, Runarsdottir V, Bergmann OM, Hansdottir I, Bjornsson ES, et al. Treatment as prevention for hepatitis C (TraP Hep C) - a nationwide elimination programme in Iceland using direct-acting antiviral agents. J Intern Med 2018;283(5):500-507.   DOI
47 Armstrong GL, Wasley A, Simard EP, McQuillan GM, Kuhnert WL, Alter MJ. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002. Ann Intern Med 2006;144(10):705-714.   DOI
48 Muller D. Interpellation 19.3042: federal funding for the fight against viral hepatitis; 2019 [cited 2021 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.parlament.ch/de/ratsbetrieb/suche-curia-vista/geschaeft?AffairId=20193042.
49 Heffernan A, Cooke GS, Nayagam S, Thursz M, Hallett TB. Scaling up prevention and treatment towards the elimination of hepatitis C: a global mathematical model. Lancet 2019;393(10178):1319-1329.   DOI
50 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2017: 29.5 million people globally suffer from drug use disorders, opioids the most harmful [cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2017/June/world-drug-report-2017_-29-5-million-people-globally-sufferfrom-drug-use-disorders--opioids-the-most-harmful.html.