• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.312-321
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• 2007

Purpose: Distraction osteogenesis has been applied to the maxillofacial implantology and good experimental and clinical results have been reported. However, histologic studies of implants placement on distraction osteogenesis of atrophic alveolar ridges are scarce. In this study, we compare the bone formation between in the transport part and in the distraction part by histomorphometric analysis. Materials & methods: Three adult beagle dogs were served as experimental subjects. The 2 premolars and 1st molar were extracted on the Lt. side of mandible in each beagle dog. After one month later, osteotomy was performed and distraction device was adapted. Distraction was performed with gradual incremental separation of two bone pieces at a rate of 1.0mm per day for 5 days. During consolidation phase, new bone was formed in the distraction zone between the separated bone pieces. 5 weeks after distraction phase, 3 implants were placed in each beagle dog. The implants were inserted through transport part and distraction part and inferior basal bone. The animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after implant placement. BIC and BA of implants on distraction part and transport part were measured histomorphometrically. Results: BIC, BA increased after implant placement as time goes by passes and new bone formation was slightly higher in transport part than in distraction part at 2 weeks, 4 weeks after implant placement. At 12 weeks after implant placement, BIC, BA of were 74%, 61% in transport part and 77%, 59% in distraction part, therefore there were no difference in BIC and BA between transport part and distraction part at 12 weeks after implant placement.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1982

Comfort concept of heating and cooling between body and environment is modified by the clothing. So were can say the clothing is one of the environment. To maintain“pleasantness”, clothing must have the elements of comfort and function. This study carried out for the 1st step to describe the relation between clothing and the human body I aspect to the emvironmental elements of temperature and working part of the body. Observations of skin temperature were taken on young adults female subjects in training wear and the skin temperature was measured onto 9 points of the body while taking part in two physical exercise, with Rawing machine and Bicycle ergometer. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The skin temperature after physical exercise is lower than that after repose. 2. After physical exercise of the lower part of the body, the skin temperature is less than that after physical exercise of the upper part of the body. 3. After physical exercise of the upper part of the body, skin temperature of the lower part of the body rises a little, and vice versa.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In order to use leaf mustard Dolsan food preservative ingradient acidity, antimicrobial activity and colors were investigated during pretreatment of leaf mustard Dolsan. pH was remarkably decreased after 8 hours to pretreatment(extracted on shaking) of leaf mustard Dolsan, and no changes were observed after that time. pH of leaf part was higher than stalk after 8 hours storage. Titratable acidity was opposite tendency to the pH. pH was gradually decreased than initial stage during pretreatment of leaf mustard Dolsan at 30, 40 and 5$0^{\circ}C$. After 16 hours pretreatment, the higher pretreatment temperature was, the higher pH was, but after pretreatment for 48 hours, pH of sample pretreated at 5$0^{\circ}C$ was lower than that of sample pretreated at 40 $^{\circ}C$. Antimicrobial activity of leaf mustard Dolsan extract pretreated at 3$0^{\circ}C$ was the strongest of the samples pretreated at 30, 40 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, and that of stalk part was stronger than that of leaf part. L and time. L and b value was higher in the order of samples pretreated at 40, 50 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, and the lower pretreatment temperature was, the higher a value was. L value of stalk part was higher than that of leaf part, but a and b value of leaf part was higher than that of stalk part.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammation, anti-development and curative effects of Oyaksunki-sangamibang (OSKM) on collagen-induced arthritis in Wistar rats and ICR mice. Materials & Methods : D experiment part II, the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide synthesis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cyclooxygenase were studied. In experiment part II, paw eduma volume and thickness of ankle joint were measured at 0, 10, 15, and 20 days after immunization. The incidence and arthritis score were evaluated 14 days after immunization, At 15 days after immunization, serum $TNF-\alpha$ was analyzed. In experiment part III paw edema volume and thickness of ankle joint were measured at 0, 10, and 15days after treatment. At 15 days after treatment, serum $TNF-\alpha$ was analyzed. Results : In experiment part I: 1. Nitric oxide synthesis ·md pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited significantly by OSKM extract. 2. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) was inhibited by OSKM extract. In experiment part II: Paw edema volume, thickness of ankle joint and serum $TNF-\alpha$ level of the teated group were significantly decreased compared with the control group at 20 days after immunization. In experiment part III: Incidence of arthritis was $70\%$. OSKM-treated group had no significant change on paw edema volume, thickness of ankle joint and serum $TNF-\alpha$ level. Conclusions : These results indicated that OSKM has anti-inflammation effects on the ICR mouse, and higher inhibitory effects on the onset but lower inhibitory effects on the progression of collagen-induced arthritis in rats.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.735-747
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• 2002

This study aimed at investigating the change of fat in each body part according to the wearing of sport underwear made of specially-processed materials. in this study. 6 females made up of three early twenties, and three later thirties took part in the exercises for 12 weeks to to out the change of fat amount in body, square of body part by CT and obesity after and before an exercise. The results are as follows: In the obesity condition after and before an exercise, Roller's index shows that in case of 51 and 54, one level was lowered concerning the basic physical strength and optimal index was not changed. In the silhouette between body frames. there are differences between ages. The body fat rate decreased 35.95% on the average. and the amount of the body fat of females in twenties was more than that in thirties. The amount of body fat decrease with the lapse of exercising time, while the amount of body fat shows increased of 0.75%, which showed the minus correlation. The rate of averaged flat by CT went up after an exercise in every body part. and also the decreased value of subcutaneous fat was not proportioned to that of weight and girth. Inbody parts, the lower abdomen was shown 49.7%, navel part 47.7% and waist part 37.3% each in numerical value. In the thickness of subcutaneous fat concerning waist, the value of front-center line was the lowest, and followed by rear-center line and lateral line. 1204degree part in the navel showed the most fat layed, and the lowest fat layed was in the lateral part. Concerning the lower part of abdomen, under-skin fat was the most layed in 120degree part like that of navel part.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.337-345
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the shape of root canal after instrumentation with some engine driven NiTi files. Thirty narrow and curved canals(15-35 degree) of mesial canals of extracted human mandibular first molars were divided into three groups. Group 1: After radicular access with Gates Glidden drill, apical shaping using step back method with Flexo file Group 2: After radicular access with Gates Glidden drill, apical shaping with Profile .04 Group 3: Canal shaping with GT file and Profile .04. Using modified Bramante technique, the root was sectioned at 2 mm from apical foramen, height of curvature, 2 mm from canal orifice. Canal centering ratio, amount of transport, amount of dentin removed, shape of canal were measured and statistical analysis is done using SPSS Program V 7.5. The results were as follows: 1. Canal centering ratio of group 3 was the lowest at coronal part, but there was no statistical difference. Centering ratio of group 2 was the lowest at curve part, and there was statistical difference between group 1(P<0.05). Centering ratio of group 2 was the lowest at apical part, but there was no statistic difference. 2. Amount of transport of group 3 was the lowest at coronal part, but there was no statistical difference. Amount of transport of group 2 was the lowest at curve part, and there was statistical difference between group 1(P<0.05). Amount of transport of group 3 was the lowest at apical part, and there was statistical difference between group 1 and group 2, group 1 and group 3(P<0.05). 3. Amount of dentin removed of group 3 was the lowest at coronal part, bur there was no statistical difference. Amount of dentin removed of group 2 was the lowest at curve part, but there was no statistical difference. Amount of dentin removed or group 2 was the lowest at apical part, and there was statistical difference between group 1 and group 2, group 1 and group 3(P<0.05). 4. The shape of the canals after instrumentation varied among the groups. The majority of canals at coronal and curve part for group 1 were round in shape(7 in 10), those at apical part were oval(8 in 10). The majority of canals at coronal part for group 2 were round in shape(7 in 10) and there was no difference in the number of shape at other part. There was no difference in the number of shape at every part for group 3. As above results, NiTi rotary instrumentation showed a trend to remain more centered in the canal than SS file instrumentation. At using NiTi file, coronal shaping with Gates Glidden drill was not statistically different from shaping with GT file. But shaping with GT file showed tapered canals, so it may be said that shaping with GT file is a safe and valuable instrumentation method.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2000

The aim of this paper was to diagnose Korean college students' listening skills on the TOEFL. The researchers identified which section, among the TOEFL listening Part A, B, and C, is most easily teachable/ improvable during the period of a semester. First, the result of this research shows that Korean students tend to have lower scores in Part A than Part B or Part C. The results indicate that the short informal conversation doesn't give sufficient clues to students, and they don't have enough time to infer the answer. Second, the results revealed that. students showed the lowest progress in Part B after they studied TOEFL listening items and essential idioms for the listening section for 13 weeks. Because students didn't have much experience learning the informal conversation as opposed to the formal one in English, it is harder to achieve an improved grade in Part B, which consists of the informal conversation. But after a semester-long listening course, the average score on TOEFL listening sections increased.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1985

참깨의 초형에 따른 비닐피복과 작기 그리고 적엽시기와 적엽부의별 적엽이 참깨의 동화기관과 종실의 결실.등숙에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 후기등숙불량을 최소화하기 위한 기초자료로 이용코자 일련의 시험을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 개화 후 25일 하위엽 적엽에 따른 천립중 변동은 분지형은 단경형보다, 비닐피복구는 무피복 보다, 맥후작은 단작 보다 천립중 감소가 컸다. 단경형 단작 하위적엽에서는 상위삭 천립중이 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 맥후작과 분지형에서는 감소되었다. 2. 하위적엽에 의한 등숙립 비율변동은 분지형은 단경형 보다, 맥후작은 단경 보다 등숙립 비율의 감소가 컸으며 비닐피복 간에는 대차 없었다. 단경단작 25% 적엽에서 상위삭의 등숙립 비율은 무처리대비 약 6%의 증가를 보였으며 맥후작과 분지형에서는 감소되었다. 3. 개화 후 30 일.단경형.하위 25% 적엽에서 무처리에 비하여 약간의 등숙률 증가를 보였으나 분지형에서는 감소되었으며 상위적엽에 의하여 등숙률이 크게 떨어져 이 시기의 동화중심엽은 상위엽으로 추정되었고 단경형보다는 분지형의 하위엽이 등숙후기까지도 엽의 활력을 잘 유지하는 것으로 생각되었다. 개화 후 10 일 적엽구에서는 단경.분지형 공히 큰 폭으로 등숙립 비율이 떨어졌다. 4. 하위 50 % 적엽에서 상위엽의 엽록소 함량은 같은 위치의 무처리 엽에서 보다 39%가 더 증가되었으며 상위 50% 적엽에 의하여 하위엽의 엽록소 함량은 무처리 대비 66%가 증가되어 한 쪽엽 적엽에 의하여 반대에 위치한 엽의 엽록소 함량이 증가하는 보상작용이 인정되었다. 5 하위 50% 적엽에 의하여 광합성은 무처리에 비하여 58 %의 증가를 보였으나 상위 50 % 적엽에서는 Omg$CO_2$/d$m^2$/hr로서 잔존 하위엽에서 생성한 동화양분은 그 엽의 자체의 호흡에 의한 소모도 충족시키지 못하여 생식생장 후기 상위적엽에 의하여 광합성 작용은 치명적 손상을 받을 뿐만 아니라 잔존 하위엽의 광합성 기여도는 낮을 것으로 인정되었다. 6. 수확지수에서는 하위 25% 적엽에 의하여 무처리 대비 28%의 증가를 보인 반면 상위 50% 적엽에서는 무처리에 비하여 13% 감소되었다. 7. 하위 50% 적엽에서 잔존 엽면적은 같은 위치의 무처리엽 면적에 비하여 48 %가 증가되었으나 상위적엽에서는 5% 증가에 그쳐 적엽에 의하여 신생 상위엽의 엽면적 증대는 큰 반면에 노쇠한 하위엽의 엽면적 증대는 거의 없었다. 8. 적엽에 따른 수량차는 분지형이 단경형에서 보다, 맥후작이 단작에서 보다 무처리에 비하여 감수폭이 터 컸으며 비닐피복 간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 9. 단경.단작 하위 25 % 적엽에서 비닐피복과 무피복 공히 수량이 무처리에 비하여 각각 5 %와 8 %가 증가하였으며 타 적엽구에서는 감수되었다. 10. 개화 후 10 일 적엽구에서는 무처리에 비하여 34 % 감수된 반면 개화 후 30 일 적엽구에서는 무처리 대비 24 % 감수에 그쳐 개화 후 10일 엽에서의 동화물질 생산 기여도가 개화 후 30 일 엽에서 보다 더 높았던 것으로 인정되었으며 개화 후 10 일에는 단경.분지형 공히 하위 50 % 적엽구에서 가장 많은 감수를 보여 이 시기의 광합성 활동 중심엽은 하위엽인 것으로 추정되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of lordosis according to plantar surface compliance in patients with chronic low back pain. Thirty patients with chronic low back pain aged between 20 and 40 were assigned to 3 groups: control group, experimental groups (FHRS group, FSRH group). The lordosis was examined before and after adaptation with corresponding foam types. The results were as follows : 1. As the result of comparing lordosis before and after test of the control group which any change did not exist in plantar surface compliance, there was not a significant difference(p>0.05). 2. As the result of comparing lordosis before and after test of the FHRS group which forefoot part of plantar surface is hard and rear foot part is soft, there was the significant increase(p<0.05). 3. As the result of comparing lordosis before and after test of the FSRH group which forefoot part of plantar surface is soft and rear foot part is hard, there was the significant decrease(p<0.05). 4. As the result of comparing lordosis of the FHRS group and FSRH group, there was not a significant difference before test(p>0.05). But, there was a significant difference after test(p<0.05).

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

On the 15 days after hatching, the larvae was 4.24-5.10 mm (mean $4.66{\pm}2.18mm$) in total length, and the fins of the membrane started to develop into a fan shape and the melanophore was deposited upper the alimentary canal of the abdomen and on the bladder. At 35 days after hatching, the post-larvae formed a branch-shaped melanophore on the head part with a total length of 6.98-12.5 (mean $9.35{\pm}1.71$) mm, formed on the upper and lower parts of the caudal part, formed on the upper and lower parts of the caudal part, and deposited under the head part and abdomen. At 40 days after hatching, the juvenile was 11.3-18.1 (mean $14.9{\pm}1.53$) mm in total length.