• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2008

Amenity landscapes in rural areas are becoming increasingly important as a resource to enhance the (public) interest in rural landscapes and to vitalize the rural areas. Befitting the times, the objective of this project is to discover the amenity landscapes distributed throughout the rural areas and to produce material in the form of a publication for the promotion of the aforementioned landscapes. For such purposes, local autonomous bodies, rural amenity resource investigation team, and experts on landscape found rural amenity landscapes and entered them for a selection process, out of which the top 100 rural amenity landscapes were ultimately selected based both on the assessment system developed by the researchers and on the assessment process executed by the assessment committee. The following two categories of assessment criteria for the amenity landscapes were presented: village-related assessment criteria including value as resource and use value; landscape-resources-related assessment criteria, including aesthetic value, identity, adherence to traditionality, and sustainability. Assessment for each criteria item was made by applying a 5-point Likert scale throughout. The sum of the points for each landscape was then converted at a 100 point scale for ultimate use in selection of the top 100 landscapes. This paper is the outcome of such series of processes and systems.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.637-648
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• 1999

Finishing is usually accomplished about four to seven months before the removal of orthodontic appliance in order to achieve ideal occlusion and excellent aesthetics. This process, called finishing, is the key to obtain excellent final results. Some of orthodontists believe it can be accomplished at the final stage of orthodontic treatment, and they complete it without their special rationale and criteria for finishing. However, it should be considered as a part of the total treatment plan from the beginning to end, and a guideline for finishing, which is based on rationale and criteria for the removal of orthodontic appliance, is needed to obtain the desired results. The guideline should include a checklist for finishing. This checklist is divided into four categories: occlusal, aesthetic, periodontal, and habitual factors. Occlusal fators include alignment, marginal ridge discrepancy, interproximal contact, anterior inclination, posterior inclination, over-jet over-bite, arch fen and functional occlusion. Aesthetic factors include gingival form, crown fen crown width, and crown length. Periodontal factors include root angulation, bone level, and black hole in periodontal factors. Habitual factors consist of mouth breathing, tongue position at rest, tongue thrust, lip biting, nail biting, and finger sucking

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.584-598
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• 2018

This study classified respondents by consumption value and analyzed differences in the purchase behavior of men's suits among consumption value groups. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance were conducted in order to analyze research problems. Factor analysis results showed that male consumption values included safety-oriented value, individuality-oriented value, others-oriented value, pleasure-oriented value, aesthetic-oriented value, low price-oriented value, community-oriented value, utility-oriented value, innovation-oriented value, and self-expression oriented value. The study divided respondents into personal satisfaction pursuit group, beauty & functionality pursuit group, individuality pursuit group, and others-oriented & low cost preference group according to consumption value. There were significant differences in selection criteria for men's suit (product image, physical properties of product, and brand name), selection reasons of brand (fashion & ostentation, individuality, and refinement), store attributes (store environment/salesperson service, reputation/additional service, and product assortment/shopping convenience).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.97-113
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• 2014

This study investigates consumer's traits of market segmentation based on the apparel benefits. The subjects were 302 college students living in Yunnam, China. The mean, ANOVA, factor analysis, Duncan test, and K-means cluster analysis were used for statisticals analysis. The results of this study are as follows. The college students were classified, into six subdivisions, according to the apparel benefits by cluster analysis: indifference group, utility pursuit group, hedonic/brand pursuit group, individuality pursuit group, social recognition/fashion pursuit group, and pursuit benefits-minded group. In the factors of happiness-pursuing and life-centered of materialism, significant differences were found according to the groups of apparel benefits, and all factors of symbolic consumption and brand loyalty were found to have significant differences according to the groups of apparel benefits. The evaluation criteria of clothing were significantly different, depending on apparel benefits subdivision in criteria of aesthetic, socio-psychological, and utility. The use of information was shown to have significant differences, according to the groups of apparel benefits. The study results are highly expected to be utilized as useful sources in marketing plans for the midwest of China.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.743-755
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• 2016

This study aimed to reveal the designer's creative process in the development of clothing designs. The researcher has taken roles both as a design practitioner and an observer. The full process of design development was concurrently documented while working to solve a specific problem. This included noting down the concept, keywords, and detailed scratch ideas, as well as refining the design by collecting sketches and taking photos. Integrated data from the captured design process were analyzed based on Lamb and Kallal's apparel design framework, which included problem identification, construction of preliminary ideas, design refinement, prototype development, and evaluation. The functional, expressive, and aesthetic (FEA) criteria of the entire process were thus assessed. Additionally, five professional apparel reviewers evaluated the design project based on FEA criteria. The results showed the processes for identifying targets and intentions, extracting the main elements from sources, developing the major visual concepts, and making final adjustments. Ultimately, this study revealed how a designer manages each stage of the creative design process. Sharing such detailed observations of the design process can help refine the knowledge involved in each stage of the creative process, and provide guidance for instructors in design education.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.123
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• pp.87-110
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• 2012

The kitsch was emerged from the people's cultural desire in the conditions of the various duplicating technology, the capital economy system, and the civil revolution in the western modern mass society. But it is underestimated constantly because of the conspicious consumption and the aesthetic inadequacy. Even though some kitsches are elevated to the 'kitsch arts' in the historical description of the modern arts, still the most of kitsches are remained as 'just kitsches' and excluded from the aesthetic research according to the double standard. In this essay, I research for whether anti-kitsch theory is convincing theoretically and practically. Anti-kitsch theory criticizes the kitsch on the basis of the modernist aesthetics, in which the 'fine art' provokes the aesthetic pleasure in the disinterested contemplation. But kitsch purposes for the sensual gratification and the sentimentality. So the anti-kitish theorists conclude that the kitsch is the bad taste. In critically analyzing the argumentation of Greenberg's. Kaplan's and $C{\tilde{a}}linescu^{\prime}s$, I refute the privileged prejudice of the ideal critic. They don't justify the criteria of the classification of 'art'/ 'kitsch'. They supplement the economical and the political grounds for the evaluative theory of the kitsch. But the argumentation of the kitsch is consumed conspicuously and results in the unlettered masses is not sufficient. People produce and enjoy the kitsches in the various ways. People envelope the genres, styles and media of the kitsches and they try to suggest the new horizon of the popular aesthetics. So anti-kitsch theories cannot be accepted because they adhere to the elitism and formalism. The exclusion of the kitsch is the derogation for people's taste. Also they didn't reflect the contemporary cultural practice and the aesthetic needs in the system of post-art. The alternative aesthetics of the kitsch is the topic of my next essay.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.78-89
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to build fundamental data for the classification of landscape type as a base for landscape planning and management practices. To do this, prior dissertations and landscape plan reports were analyzed, which presented the classification criteria for landscape type. Based on this, classification criteria for landscape type which could be usable in zoning ordinances has been suggested. The result is as follows: Firstly, in landscape analysis and assessment study based on ecological and formal aesthetic models, landscape type is classified by the character of the landscape element. Secondly, there is no logical classification of landscapetype in urban landscape planning according to mixed use of landscape type for analysis and planning. It is therefore difficult to identify the object of landscape planning, which is intimately linked with the shortage of concrete practice for landscape management. In connection with this issue, classification criteria for landscape type are suggested based on utility in landscape planning. This could be divided into internal criteria and external criteria. The former are land-use, topographical characteristics, characteristics of the view object, and landscape elements while the latter are viewpoint, distance to view object, and urban form. Applying the landscape type classified by the criteria suggested in this paper, it is possible to manage an entire urban area. In addition, landscape type could be reference data for operating a zoning system.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.625-641
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• 2013

This study is analyzed the environmental ecological status of Suncheon Bay and its applicable possibility to the selection criteria of UNESCO World Natural Heritage (hereafter Criteria). The study shows that the formation process of the tidal-flats in Suncheon bay could apply to the Criteria VIII, "to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history." The landscape pattern of Suncheon Bay is deduced various patterns based on 5 biotope types: tidal-flat, rice-paddy, field area, coniferous natural forest, and broadleaf natural forest. Its landscape characteristic is a harmonized composition of various landscape including mountains, rivers, fields, and tidal-flats. It is judged that the unique landscape of Suncheon Bay falls under the criteria VII, "areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance." In addition, Suncheon Bay, the habitat of the Hooded Crane as internationally endangered species, comes under the criteria X, "the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of threatened species." The study shows, however, that any other designation for protected area including national park or biosphere reserve is a prerequisite for designation of World Nature Heritage. In particular, it could evaluate whether it is qualified of the Criteria after the integrated conservation and management to the Sucheon bay as well as the southwestern tidal-flat is preceded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.2 s.111
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• pp.172-189
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of ambivalent consumption appeared in the purchase behavior of apparel products by the 4Ps element of marketing mix and to clarify the relation between consumption value and clothing involvement that were the antecedent variable. Among the 4Ps element of marketing mix, brand was selected in the exterior criteria of products, and fashionability was selected in the internal criteria of products. Meanwhile, it was considered that there were no objects of conflicted or ambivalent criteria in the element of promotion. Finally, brand, fashionability, price, place, etc. were selected as the elements of marketing. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 550 subjects from Jun, 8th, 2006 to Jun, 22nd, 2006; 507 were used for the data analysis. The results from data analysis were following: firstly, it was identified that ambivalent consumption showed up, as the result from measuring the individual conflicting consumption by elements. Brand was the highest in the frequency of ambivalent consumption among the elements of marketing mix, and price, place, and fashionability were followed. Secondly, by product characteristics, the frequency of ambivalent consumption of casual shirt, group II, was lower than that of mountain climbing jacket, group III, in the brand element and the price element. Thirdly, as the results from conducting factorial analysis to consumption value, it had 5 dimensions, which were practical value, distinguishable/aesthetic value, conspicuous value, social/confirmative value, and enjoyable value. Also clothing involvement was classified into 4 dimensions of emotion, fashionability, symbolic and brand involvement in the result from conducting the factorial analysis to clothing involvement. Fourthly, the mean of ambivalent consuming group by each element was highest among that of other consuming groups in all the dimensions. Fifthly, ambivalent consuming group had the highest mean among other consuming groups in all the dimension of clothing involvement, such as emotion, fashionability, and symbolic by each element of marketing mix, and it means that overall, ambivalent consuming group is highly involved in all the dimension of clothing involvement.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors according to male consumer's age group. The research method was survey and subjects were 656 male consumers. The results were as follows. First, three factors (appearance importance awareness, appearance internalization, and slimness importance awareness) were emerged on sociocultural attitudes toward appearance. Young age group showed higher level of appearance importance awareness and internalization than middle age group. Second, there were many differences on clothing purchasing behaviors by age variable. Young age group more importantly considered psycho-social purchasing motives, aesthetic selection criteria, and the internet as information source and purchasing place than middle age group. Whereas middle age group more importantly considered practical purchasing motives, practical selection criteria, and store display & salesman as information sources, and fashion outlet as purchasing place than young age group. Third, there were also many differences on cosmetics purchasing behaviors by age variable. Young age group used more and various cosmetics, and they more importantly considered skin improvement as purchasing motive, skin suitability and price as selection criteria, the internet as information source and purchasing place than middle age group. On the other hand, middle age group generally used fundamental cosmetics, and they more importantly considered skin protection as purchasing motive, quality as selection criterion, TV and store display & salesman as information sources, and discount store and cosmetics speciality store as purchasing places than young age group.