• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.144-155
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• 1996

During the 1990s the workplace has grown more complex and business competition has increased world-wide. All organizations, whether for-profit or non-profit have been forced to respond to market changes. More advanced information and technology, greater product diversity, shorter product life cycles, increased quality requirements, more regulation oversight, decreasing productivity, more competitors, and increasing overhead costs have motivated organizations to focus on ways to deliver products cheaper, better, and faster. Many organizations are searching for ways to reduce costs through downsizing, reengineering business processes, implementing quality management, outsourcing, and improving cost management. Support departments that provide services internal to an organization such as human resources, legal, and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) are often the first organization targeted for cost reduction and cost control initiatives because these functions are part of a rapidly increasing overhead cost. Recently, ES&H functions are incresingly being integrated into the business of business to contribute value to organization beyond mere compliance with ES&H regulations. The discussions and development of the ISO compatible Environmental Management Standards or Occupational Safety and Health Management Standards is another impetus to integrate ES&H function into the business of business. Thus, ES&H professional need new skills to analyze the cost of their function and communicate the value of the products and services they provide. In recent years, the need for and the importance developing cost management and business skills by ES&H professionals have been emphasized in the literature. Communicating with decision makers in terms of cost and value to the organization, and by using business language and business arguments is the first step toward effectively integrating ES&H activities into the business of business. Activity-based costing (ABC) is a cost management method that measures the cost of a product or service based on the actual use of resources by activities, and based on the actual amount of activities used to produce a product or service. ABC is recommended as a tool for managers of ES&H organizations to determine the cost of developing and providing ES&H products within a for-profit firm or non-profit agency. This paper discusses the trend of integration of ES&H functions into the mainstream of business activities within an organization. The general principles of treditional cost accounting are presented as a bases for understandging why and how ABC will provide more accurate estimates of cost. The principles and concepts of ABS are presented as a tool for determining more accurately the true cost of ES&H products and services.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Purpose: Major trauma patients should be transferred to a definitive care facility as early as possible because prompt management will prevent death. This study was designed to discover the obstacles leading to delayed transfers under the current emergency medical system in Korea and whether there are any negative outcomes associated with conducting procedures at primary care hospitals prior to transferring patients to higher levels of care. Methods: The medical records of major trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score above 15 within the past year were reviewed. Patients were divided three groups as follows: (A) came directly to our emergency center, (B) were transferred without CT or MRI scan at the primary care hospital and (C) transferred with CT or MRI scans. The transfer time of each group were compared and analyzed statistically. Additionally, the number and type of imaging performed at the primary care hospital were analyzed. Results: All qualified patients (n=276) were enrolled in this study: 121 patients in group A; 104 in group B; 51 in group C. There was a statistically significant difference in the transfer time between the three groups (p-value<0.001), and 79 (28.6%) were transferred to an emergency medical center within one hour. In group C, CT or MRI scans were performed an average of 1.86 times at the primary care hospital, and the median transfer time was 4 hours 5 minutes. Conclusion: Only 28.6% of the cases in the study arrived within the golden hour at a definitive care facility. Such delays are in part the result of prolonged times at the primary care hospital for radiologic examinations, such as CT or MRI scans. Major multiple trauma patients should be transferred to a definitive care facility directly or as soon as the primary survey and the resuscitation of Advanced Trauma Life Support guideline are completed at the primary care hospital.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the Lasater's debriefing on critical thinking disposition, problem- solving skills and clinical judgement of nursing students. The study design was a nonequivalent control group non synchronized design. The subjects were 60 students for 12 groups. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=30). Critical thinking and problem-solving skills were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical judgement was measured by a Lasater's clinical judgement rubric. The Results of the study was : After Lasater's debriefing, the level of students' critical thinking, problem-solving skills and clinical judgment in experimental group were higher than the level of control group. Through this experiment the rubric of Lasater debriefing is an effective tool for clinical judgment, therefore we know that the future of simulation training is needed to use the Lasater's clinical judgement rubric of debriefing in simulation training.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2020

This study examined the effects and continuity of simulation-based KALS education training on the knowledge and self-efficacy of nursing students. The study participants were 41 nursing students in 4th grade in Gyeonggi-do. KALS education was conducted in January 2018. Data collection was conducted one month before and after KALS education and three months later to check the continuity of education. As a result, the knowledge of KALS before education, after education, and three months later were 8.65, 16.34 (p<.001), and 13.36 (p<.001), respectively. The self-efficacy of KALS before education, after education, and three months later were 2.37, 4.07, and 3.40 (p<.001), respectively. Therefore, simulation-based KALS education training is a suitable teaching method for enhancing the knowledge and self-efficacy of nursing students. On the other hand, re-education measures must be performed after three months to maintain the effectiveness of education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the factors influencing the childbirth intention of married women with the goal of analyzing whether times of spouses' housework, marital satisfaction, values of children and traditional gender role, and social services related to the reduction of low fertility contribute to women's intention to give birth. The respondents of the research were 1,000 married women, and the research was conducted with 482 women of childbirth intention. The findings are as follows. Age of sociodemographic factors has an influence on the childbirth intention. Related to family's character, factors influencing childbirth intention are number of children, times of spouses' housework, and marital satisfaction. In addition, emotional and instrumental values of children, number of recognized public services for reduction of low fertility. In other words, the more women share housework with spouses and satisfy their marital life, the more childbirth intention of women is increased. In order to improve childbirth intention, changes of perception of gender role and sharing housework, reinforcement of social system for work and family compatibility that convert changes of perception into action, advanced marital relationship programs, extensive support for subfertility and a huge build-up of social services related to reduction of low fertility need to be provided.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

Purpose: The appropriate management of traumatic truncal arterial injury is often difficult to determine, particularly if the injury is associated with severe additional truncal lesions. The timing of repair is controversial when patients arrive alive at the hospital. Also, there is an argument about surgery versus stent-graft repair. This study's objective was to evaluate the appropriate method and the timing for treatment in cases of truncal abdominal injury associated with other abdominal lesions. Methods: The medical records at Ajou University Medical Center were reviewed for an 8-year period from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2008. Twelve consecutive patients, who were diagnosed as having had a traumatic truncal arterial injury, were enrolled in our study. Patients who were dead before arriving at the hospital or were not associated with abdominal organ injury, were excluded. All patients involved were managed by using the ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) guideline. Data on injury site, the timing and treatment method of repair, the overall complications, and the survival rate were collected and analyzed. Results: Every case showed a severe injury of more than 15 point on the ISS (injury severity score) scale. The male-to-female ratio was 9:3, and patients were 41 years old on the average. Sites of associated organ injury were the lung, spleen, bowel, liver, pelvic bone, kidney, heart, vertebra, pancreas, and diaphragm ordered from high frequency to lower frequency. There were 11 cases of surgery, and one case of conservative treatment. Two of the patients died after surgery for truncal organ injury: one from excessive bleeding after surgery and the other from multiple organ failure. Arterial injuries were diagnosed by using computed tomography in every case and 9 patients were treated by using an angiographic stent-graft repair. There were 3 patients whose vessels were normal on admission. Several weeks later, they were diagnosed as having a truncal arterial injury. Conclusion: In stable rupture of the truncal artery, initial conservative management is safe and allows management of the major associated lesions. Stent grafting of the truncal artery is a valuable therapeutic alternative to surgical repair, especially in patients considered to be a high risk for a conventional thoracotomy.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-176
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• 1991

The arthropods are the most diverse and successful animal group making up more than three quarters of the total animal species. They also live in a great diversity of habitats on the earth. Because of these unavoidable circumstances, the human life has always been affected by them. Therefore, in many countries from the past, governments have supported the studies of the arthropods on the basis of the national policy. However, the present situation of ours is far behind the other advanced contries, Now we urgently need governmental support fro the development of both the basic and the applied fields of arthropod studies in the well organized manner. Facing with this necessity, the present article reviewed the studies of Korean arthopods based on insect and crustacean representing most of the arthopods. Several subjects were reviewed in the section of the past and present studies on Korean arthropods. These are the studies on Korean arthropods in the past and present, their application to the national strategy, and the present condition of curating specimens, etc. From these reviews, several important points were suggested in the section of future plan. These are such subjects as the establishment of national institution for the curation of specimens , computerizing the data, diversification of research techniques, valid strategy concerning the control of harmful contribution to the nature conversation and environmental management , use as a research animal, the enhancement of public welfare, training of specialists, and policies for the national programs.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand the status of continuing education of the EMTs of the Korean fire department, to identify demand of them for content, method, and forms of the education, and to present basic data for developing more efficient, effective continuing education programs. Methods : The subjects of this study were 850 of the EMTs of the Korean fire department who work for fire stations located in Seoul and part of Gyeonggi-do and directly provide critical care in the field. The data was collected between February 8 and 28, 2010. Using SPSS 17.0 program, we obtained frequencies percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) As for status of the existing continuing education for of the EMTs of the Korean fire department, in general, the hour of each education was "less than four hours" (51.2%), the instructors of the education were "doctors" (65.2%), the method of the education was "lecture" (83.3%), the material for the education was "educational materials and slides" (97.2%), and the results from the education were "not helpful in job" (55.1%). 2) The effects of the EMTs of the Korean fire department were mean 2.44(${\pm}.51$), the ability was mean 2.40(${\pm}.50$), and the attitude was mean 2.49(${\pm}.57$) points. 3) As for the demands of the EMTs of the Korean fire department on the next continuing education, they preferred "the advanced cardiac life support(ACLS)" ($2.64{\pm}.62$) most in subject content, "investigating the demands of 119 emergency medical technicians annually" (44.1%) in methods to select subjects of the continuing education, "doctors and professors of Department of Emergency Medical Technology" in instructors of the education (190 persons, or 39.9%), "lectures with practices" in methods of the education (30.1%), and "One per year" (41.6%) and "less than four hours" (67.2%) in the period and hours of the text continuing education they hope. Conclusion : The continuing education for the EMTs of the Korean fire department conducts without accepting the demands of the technicians, In planning of the next continuing education, the results of this study suggest that it is needed to develop more various and professional educational program by active acquisition of the demands of the technicians.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.138-146
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• 2013

This study examined the characteristics of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA) in Science according to gender. It investigated gender achievement differences in the science section of the 2010 NAEA, the ratio of gender difference in achievement, the ratio of correct answers within each content domain and behavioral domain, and the items which showed high differences between males and females. The results indicate first, that, for 9th graders, females outperformed males in academic achievement in science. Second, with respect to the ratio of correct answers, males outperformed females in the advanced and below basic level groups, but females outperformed males in intermediate level groups. Third, females outperformed males in knowledge and inquiry in the behavior domains, and in chemistry and biology in the content domains. Fourth, an analysis of the items showing the largest gender gap indicated that males outperformed females in interpreting data, while females outperformed males in the items concerned with daily life and items related to the memorization of rules. This research on gender differences in science will allow teachers to complement the weaknesses of students when they study science, and support improved instructional methods in science.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.223-249
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• 2011

In modern society, citizens' quality of life aspects of safety and crime prevention activities are actively considering the incidence of crime prevention in advance. It also can be quite important elicit the interest of who community members through effective crime prevention strategies. For crime prevention policies and techniques over time as more scientific and advanced methods are made. Today, A typical crime prevention strategies is private security zones and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a corresponding to the new strategy. CPTED is a diversification can be called a crime prevention approach that emphasizes the principle of natural surveillance, access control, territoriality, activity support, maintenance and management. The defensible space of the space area related to crime prevention setting the activities of private security and CPTED determine. Also, the reality of crime prevention and protection should be considered space. The emphasis on proactive prevention of crime in modern society for the prevention of crime how to approach differing perspectives and disparate aspects of private security and CPTED. Technical and professional areas that overlap to some extent in a homogeneous aspect. Ultimately, CPTED is a crime prevention through space and environmental approach for crime. In addition, Ultimate goal of convergence, crime prevention, with the same or higher is required to study for the area after looking for the characteristics and limitations of private security and CPTED.