• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus, and lipid production from a swine wastewater by Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 in an outdoor photobioreactor. B. braunii successfully predominated in competition with bacteria and other algae, especially Oscillatoria, which were grown spontaneously in a secondary-treated swine wastewater, under the conditions of incubation temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ and increased inoculum amount at 287mg/l. There was a significant relationship between dry weight of B. braunii and absorbance of culture solution at 680mn(r2=0.967), suggesting that the latter is as good as the former commonly used for the measurement of algal biomass which is considerably time-consuming. The removal rates of COD, TOC, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the swine wastewater were 33.2$\pm$2.6% and 32.8$\pm$3.2, respectively, which showing no different between them. These results suggested that the mass cultivation of B. braunii in an outdoor photobioreactor could be used for the advanced treatment of swine wastewater and lipid production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.778-784
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• 2004

Dyeing wastewater contains recalcitrant organics which can not be easily treated by conventional biological treatment. Therefore it has to be treated by other advanced oxidation process in order to remove COD and Color more efficiently. Fenton oxidation process is one of the most commonly applied processes in removal of COD and color for the dyeing wastewater. However it increase the treatment cost and the production of sludge by the use of the excessive chemical reagent. Ozonation is not suitable in Single treatment process because it is not effective in organics removal compared with Color removal. The purpose of this research in order to evaluate the comparable removal efficiency of COD and color by the combination of advanced oxidation processes for the dyeing wastewater. The sequential treatment processes of Fenton process and ozonation was more effective to remove organics and color than ozonation and Fenton process. The result of Fenton process for the pretreatment presented as the 81% removal of organics whereas ozonation process for the pretreatent presented as the 22.1% removal of organics. The removal of colour was higher as 81.3% for the ozonation as the pretreatment than 77.7% for the Fenton process as the pretreatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2002

Recently, advanced system for water and wastewater treatment is introduced and operated because of water pollution and etc. One of this System makes use of O3(Ozone) for water and wastewater treatment. In airtight concrete structure, waterproofing phase as well as water are affected by strong oxidative O3 in the long-term. For this reason, material stability against O3 is examined. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to find out material stability an object of epoxy resin by way of accelerated O3 testing.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2011

Since 1980s, wastewater treatment facilities in Korea have been rapidly expanded by 90 percent as the government invested them continuously. Considering social and environmental factors such as the needs of alternative water resources for water shortages, energy saving and new energy production sources for decrease of greenhouse gases, and the demand for the improvement of the water quality in rivers and lakes, advanced technologies in wastewater treatment are essential in the 21st century. In this aspect, new conceptual technology is systematically combined with the advanced treatment technology such as the control and treatment technology of hazardous and toxic material, customized reusing skill, and energy saving/recovery technology. The new R&D project for advanced technology of wastewater treatment and reuse will focus on these advanced technologies which will improve the water quality and foster the competitiveness in world environmental markets, building a solid foundation particularly in the market of developing countries. The project will be divided up into high quality reusing of wastewater, energy self-sufficiency, and integrated management system. It will be carried out for five years, 2011~2015, as Phase I.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

In this research, a retrofitting process, which consists of a pretreatment system (coagulation) for dye wastewater combined with a biological nutrient system (MLE process using media), for a sewage treatment plant that has to treat dye wastewater efficiently with domestic wastewater were developed and a pilot plant was operated for verifying adoptability and performance of the developed advanced process for dye wastewater. From the results of the pilot plant operation, BOD 52.9%, $COD_{Cr}$ 55.9%, and color 71.3% were removed in pretreatment of coagulation process and the biodegradability of dye wastewater was improved to $0.32{\sim}0.59BOD/COD_{Cr}$ of the coagulated wastewater from $0.29{\sim}0.43BOD/COD_{Cr}$ of the raw dye wastewater. The final effluent concentrations were BOD of 8 mg/L, $COD_{Cr}$ of 43 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ of 18 mg/L, T-N of 8 mg/L, and T-P of 1.3 mg/L, respectively. Color was removed from 1655 to 468 unit by coagulation and then to 123 unit by MLE process. The HPLC analysis of aromatic amines in wastewater showed that decolorization was achieved by cometabolism while aromatic amines were produced by cleavage of azo bonds under anaerobic conditions and these products were removed in an aerobic tank subsequently. Nitrification rates of attached and suspended microorganisms were evaluated comparatively and the acclimating conditions of bacteria on media were validated by the scanning electron microscope.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2006

The effluent discharge standards of industrial wastewater has become more stringent since 2003. Many industrial wastewater treatment plants has been upgraded to advanced treatment facilities. There are high concentrations of nitrate(>200 mg/L) and ammonium(>50 mg/L) nitrogen in the acrylic fiber wastewater of H textile Co. Wastewater from acrylic fiber industry containing acrylonitrile, which may affect the subsequent biological treatment process. Manufacturing of acrylic fiber also produces shock loadings. Excessive acrylonitrile and polymer debris produced in the polymerization process was screened, coagulated with CaO and settled down. A preaeration system was added to treat this high pH effluent to remove volatile organic compound and ammonia nitrogen by the air stripping effect. it was found that nitrification rate was not sufficient in the Anoxic/Oxic(AO) process. One denitrification tank was converted to nitrification reactor to extend HRT of nitrification. Nitrification rate of ammonia nitrogen was promoted from 32% to 67% by this modification and effluent nitrogen concentration was well satisfied with the effluent standards since then.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 2005

Statistical analysis between operating parameters and effluent quality on advanced wastewater treatment plant was performed. Through factor analysis four factors derived varimax rotation were selected each plant. Four components explained $80\%,\;82\%$ of the total variance of the process, respectively. The components on MLE plant were identified in the following order: 1) HRT increase and BOD load decrease by influent decrease, 2) Biomass, 3) SVI increase by internal return increase, 4) Microbial diversity by SRT increase. On $A_2O$ plant, we defined them as follows: factor 1, high MLSS by return rate increase, HRT increase by influent decrease; factor 2, biomass; factor 3, BOD of influent; factor 4 was relate to DO.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.462-472
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• 2005

This study was carried out to suggest the plans for installation of rural sewage treatment facilities through the analysis of these facilities installed in Chungchongnam-do Province. About 5% of all installation was carried out by the department of wastewater and related environment problems and the other case was carried out by the department of construction or residence. In wastewater caused by 250 and 300 persons, facilities capacity do not exceed about $50m^3/d$, caused by 2,500 and 3,000 persons, $500m^3/d$. Advanced sewage treatment process were first needed in the discharge area where affected the water environment greatly. However, in carrying out the water quality pollutant of the total amount management system in the other areas, they should be driven only over the scale of pollutant quota object facilities standard. Rural sewage must be included in the special accounts according to the regulations of local government, and sewage treatment cost should be collected to manage. Installation type uses integrating joint treatment method in case the distance among villages is short or one treatment facility independently.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4055-4068
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• 2010

In this study, validity of wastewater treatment system with advanced treatment processes was evaluated by studying its operational conditions by applying the advanced treatment to the wastewater treatment system which was operating for last several years. Study indicated a fair result for the removal efficiencies of BOD, T-P, and T-N for each unit operation. BOD removal efficiencies for primary clarifier, bioreactor, final effluent are 35, 87, and 48 % respectively. T-P(T-N) removal efficiencies for primary clarifier, bioreactor, final effluent are 18(23), 40(38), and 25(25) % respectively. Further investigation of bioreactor showed that various microorganism such as bacteria, protozoa, and metazoa is present in the bioreactor, and the main function of the media, adhesion (adsorption) of microorganism onto the media, is stabilized. Final effluent quality was lower than the regulation, and BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P were 5.5, 9.9, 4.6, 11.8, 0.99 mg/L respectively.