• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2007

Purpose : The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a certain community reflects that community's living standards and hygienic conditions. And the pattern of HAV infection differs over time and geography. Recently, a shift in prevalence has been observed in cases from chilhood to adulthood. We studied the HAV antibody prevalence in the general population in Busan. Methods : From October 2004 to March 2005, total 472 subjects were tested for HAV antibodies. All samples were collected from patients in Maryknol Hospital. Results : The overall seropositive rate was 22.8% (108/472). The seropositive rates were 1.7% in subjects aged 2-5 years, 1.7% in 6-10 years, 0% in 11-20 years, 40.5% in 21-30 years, 82.1% in 31-40 years, 94.7% in 41-50 years, and 100% in subjects aged over 50 years. There was no significant gap between gender groups. Conclusion : As the socioeconomic conditions in Korea have improved, the HAV seropositive rate in school-aged children has dramatically decreased in the last 20 years. But, the seropositive rate of HAV didn't differ according to gender. The seropositive rate of HAV in the pediatric group was very low, which suggests the increasing possibility of clinical HAV infection in adults in the near future. Therefore, we should actively prevent the spread of hepatits A virus. In order to do that, we need to reorganize our lifestyle and personel hygiene and carry out active and passive immunization to high risk groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2016

Changes in the Leydig cell from pre-puberty to adulthood were studied in Korean native cattle. Eight groups of male cattle aged 14, 17, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 104 weeks (n=7 cattle per group) after birth were used. The purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative information on the Leydig cell of the Korean native cattle during postnatal development. Testes of cattle were fixed by perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using $1{\mu}m$ section stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. The average diameter of seminiferous tubules gradually increased with age from 14 ($75.56{\mu}m$) to 104 weeks ($298.9{\mu}m$). The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from 54.2% at week 14 to 76.9% at week 104. The volume density of the interstitium represents 45.52% at week 14. This proportion progressively diminishes during development to reach a value of 23.14% at week 104. The volume density of Leydig cells decreased almost linearly from 14 (20.71%) to 104 weeks (5.28%). The absolute volume of Leydig cells per testis increased significantly from 14 to 104 weeks. The number of Leydig per testis have almost linearly increased from 14 to 104 weeks. The average volume of a Leydig cell reached maximum size by 104 weeks ($2553{\mu}m^3$). These data suggested development of Leydig cell can be classified as the fetal and immature adult Leydig cells (14~35 weeks), and the adult Leydig cells (40~104 weeks).

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.1329-1336
• /
• 2019

Subventricular zone (SVZ) in the brain contains neural stem cells (NSCs) which self-renew and differentiate to neurons and glial cells during postnatal period and throughout adulthood. Since fate decision to either proliferation or differentiation has to respond to intracellular and extracellular conditions, many intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved. Among them, mitochondria have been reported to participate in fate decision of NSCs. In our previous report, we showed that long-term treatment of a mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone greatly inhibited neurogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term treatment of rotenone on SVZ NSCs. We found that (1) even one-day treatment of rotenone significantly reduced neurogenesis and earlier time points seemed to be more sensitive to rotenone, (2) a number of Mash1+ transit amplifying cells was decreased by one-day treatment of rotenone, (3) short-term treatment of rotenone eliminated most of the differentiated Tuj1+ neurons and Olig2+ oligodendrocytes, while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes were not affected, and (4) sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1) gene expression was increased after one-day treatment of rotenone, indicating activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway. All these results confirm that functional mitochondria are necessary during differentiation to neurons or oligodendrocytes as well as maintenance of neurons after differentiation. Also, these data suggest that temporary exposure to mitochondrial inhibitor such as rotenone might have long-term effects on neurogenic potential of NSCs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.651-662
• /
• 2006

Phthalate esters that are used as plasticizers and also found at low levels in foods such as dairy products are often mentioned as suspected endocrine disrupters. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate whether perinatal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) affects several aspects of reproductive function in rats especially sexual differentiation of the brain. To this end, the dams were provided with pulverized soy-free diet containing 20, 200, 2,000 and 10,000 ppm of DBP, 40, 400, 4,000 and 20,000 ppm of DINP, or 480, 2,400 and 12,000 ppm of DEHA from gestational day (GD) 15 to postnatal day (PDN) 21, the day of weaning, and serum sex steroid hormone, gonadotropin levels and sexual behaviors after maturation were assessed. At Postnatal week (PNW) 20-21, serum levels of sex steroids and gonadotropins in both male and female rats, as well as estrous cyclicity in females, were not changed by perinatal exposure to DBP, DINP and DEHA, indicating that these chemicals did not affect sexual differentiation of the brain controlling the endocrine system of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. On the other hand, inhibitory influences on sexual behaviors, especially on ejaculation in males and lordosis in females, were observed by perinatal exposure to these chemicals. These results suggest that these chemicals may act directly on discrete regions of the hypothalamus regulating sexual behaviors, but not regulating gonadotropin secretion, thereby affect sexual differentiation of the brain with a resultant decrease in sex-specific behaviors in adulthood.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2011

Recently increasing young adults have experienced serious economic difficulties in their transition to adulthood and so a great deal of parents have to help their children financially even well after children finish their schools. Utilizing the 2008 Social Survey, a nationwide representative survey collected by the Statistics Korea, this paper examines how children, mothers, and fathers think about parental support to adult children. Respondents of the 2008 Social Survey answer how much parents support economically to their children about the following four items: college education, graduation school education, spending money while searching for jobs, and marital preparation. Analyzing a sample of 1,727 high school students and their parents, I find that the three family members generally accept economic support to the above items as part of parental duties. Also comparisons of the three family members' attitudes indicate that they usually reach the consensus about the dutiful scope of parental support to adult children. Logistic regressions reveal that male teens and children with conservatism are more likely to believe in wider scope of parental economic duties. And parents who are on good terms with children and are high in educational and occupational levels are more willing to support adult children. I conclude with implications of the findings for intergenerational relationships.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and lumbar diseases in adults when the prevalence rate of osteoarthritis is increasing and to help develop health policies that can improve oral health and health in general. The study used representative data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey phase 3 (2012). In total, we analyzed the data of 3,017 individuals aged over 50 years who participated in the health-related survey and underwent radiography of the lumbar joints. PASW statistics ver. 18.0 was used for analysis. This study revealed the following results: 16.1% experienced at least one symptom of temporomandibular joint disorders within the recent single year, 20.6% experienced lower back pain in the recent three months, and 30.6% had lumbar osteoarthritis revealed using radiography of the lumbar joints. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders, lower back pain, and lumbar osteoarthritis were correlated with each other; the respondents who experienced symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders had 1.70 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30~2.22) higher prevalence of lower back pain and 1.20 times (95% CI, 0.86~1.68) higher prevalence of lumbar osteoarthritis than in those with no such difficulties. The results of this study confirmed that the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders affected lumbar diseases in adulthood. Therefore, adequate treatment and prevention of the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in adults is expected to make crucial contributions to decreases in the prevalence rate of lumbar diseases and an improvement in the quality of life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.465-477
• /
• 2016

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) appears most in childhood and shows attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsive activity. If these symptoms are left untreated, they consistently remain as difficulties throughout the childhood and in some cases they will last until adolescence and adulthood. Various researches on music therapy as well as psychological therapy and Korean classical music appreciation have currently been conducted. However, a variety of programs have introduced in the name of treatment but the improvement results through the application of programs and teaching methods, in reality, have hardly been a specific case. Thus, music educators as well as this researcher should make the efforts to form holistic characters and have interest in countless children with ADHD. Accordingly, this researcher, who has taught piano lessons, has performed a wide variety of convergence art teaching methods by applying methods of Dalcroze, Kodaly, and Orff to children with ADHD, misanthropy or lack of affection. As a result, symptoms have lessened and been treated for ADHD children with attention deficit. On the basis of this experience, there have appeared more educational effects by applying these to other children. This researcher is certain that this study will a foundation of music therapy education for children with each kind of syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.613-621
• /
• 2014

This study conducted a questionnaire survey with 362 students at department of radiology of college of public health located at G city, who had participated in mentoring program from Mar. 5 to Jun. 21, 2013. Out of 362 questionnaire copies, 315 copies were collected. The students' satisfaction with campus life was significantly affected by whether or not they joined a club, the number of participation into mentoring program per semester, reliability of mentors and mentoring functions. According to the study result, More specifically in terms of the mentoring functions(p<0.001), career development function(p=0.002) and tailored human-resource raising function(p<0.001) gave statistically significant effects on the satisfaction. It is considered that the study results will be used as a fundamental material to research mentoring for college and university students, and will be implemental in using and developing mentoring program as a direct way of preventing the student's dropout. Also it is expected that mentoring program helps college and university students in the transitional period to adulthood experience mentoring before they work at society, therefore playing a positive role for their successful work life as they get employed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 2003

Background： Recently, adolescent obesity was increased and tended to become obese adults, facing increased risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease. Even before reaching adulthood, adolescent obesity already was experiencing hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to find prevalence of obesity of high school students in Jeju island and association between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors and association between childhood obesity and adolescent obesity. Method： The study subjects were 6,064 students of twenty-two high school in Jeju island and health survey data was gathered from high school health examination data and hospital health examination data from Aug. 1999 to Dec. 1999. Adolescent obesity was evaluated by ideal body weight method in 1998 and body mass index. Cardiovascular risk factors were checked total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar. In 1,534 students, obesity at primary school is checked by primary and middle school health record. Results： Prevalence of obesity in Jeju island high school students is 12.6% in male students, 13.3% in female students by ideal body weight method and 8.7% in male students, 8.5% in female students by body mass index. Prevalence of obesity of male students in city area and district area of Jeju island were each 12.9%, 10.3% and that of male students in city area was significantly higher. Prevalence of obesity of female students in city area and district area of Jeju island were each 12.9%, 14.2% and not significantly different. Prevalence of obesity of male students in general and commercial school group were each 13.9%, 10.1% and that of general school group was significantly higher. In female students, Prevalence of obesity general and commercial school group was not significantly different. Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with degree of obesity in male and female students(p＜0.05) and fasting blood sugar was only significantly associated with degree of obesity in male students(p＜0.05). In 1,514 students checked by health record, Odds ratio of obesity at primary and middle school that at high school were 12.96∼22.77 and was significantly associated. Conclusion： Prevalence of obesity of high school students in Jeju island is very high and adolescent obesity was significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Mostly childhood obesity tended to become adolescent obesity and program of control of obesity at childhood and adolescence is required.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

Background: Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery and/or the proximal portion of the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. Whether the onset time was childhood or adulthood, the bony carotid canal diameter might be different, but reflects the size of internal carotid artery passing through the bony carotid canal. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship between bony carotid canal diameter and clinical manifestation. Methods: 146 consecutive patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease by brain imaging studies were included. We measured the diameter of a transverse portion of bony carotid canal on bone window of a brain computed tomography(CT) image. Patients were divided into two groups, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke according to clinical manifestation. As a result, 115 patients were included. The Suzuki stage was used as criteria for disease progression. Results: Bony carotid canal diameter was $3.6{\pm}0.5$ (right) and $3.6{\pm}0.4$ (left) in the hemorrhagic stroke group, and $3.7{\pm}0.4$ (right) and $3.6{\pm}0.4$ (left) in the ischemic stroke group. The bony carotid canal diameter of the moyamoya vessels (3.6 mm) was smaller than the diameter of non-moyamoya vessels (3.8 mm), significantly (p = 0.042). However, there was no difference in the collateral patterns and clinical manifestation in a comparison of both groups. Conclusions: In our study, there was no significant difference of clinical manifestations and collateral patterns depend on the bony carotid canal diameter in patients with moyamoya disease. These findings suggest that the clinical presentations of moyamoya disease are not related to the onset time of the disease.