• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 2015

The study was intended to investigate the factors affecting dental caries in adults. To that end, adults aged 19 years and older among 10,113 subjects who completed the health-related questionnaire, medical examination and nutrition surveys in the first year (2013) of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, and 4,843 subjects categorized as patients with permanent teeth caries were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in line with socio-economic aspects was found to be higher in men than in women. In view of education, the prevalence of dental caries was high in high school graduates, middle school graduates, college graduates and other advanced degree holders in the order named. Low monthly income earners showed the highest prevalence of dental caries. As for health-related lifestyles, the prevalence of dental caries was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Obese subjects showed a little higher prevalence of dental caries compared to people of normal weight. Also, the prevalence was higher in those who failed to get oral examination than otherwise. Frequent daily toothbrushing and use of dental floss and interdental brush significantly decreased the prevalence of dental caries. In the logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of dental caries employed as a dependent variable, gender, age, income level, smoking, oral examination and use of dental floss were found to serve as independent variables affecting dental caries. Therefore, Korean adults' socio-economic factors and lifestyles were proved to affect dental caries, which warrants some dental health programs and action plans designed to help lead healthy lifestyles whilst preventing dental caries and improving dental health in adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.336-345
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the mediating effects of the acceptance of my extramarital relations, as well as the effects of the individual's openness and emotional isolation on the tolerance of spouse's extramarital affairs. This study is an empirical research based on data analysis obtained by surveying 655 adult men and women. The notable findings are as follow: First, while the openness and emotional isolation does not have direct effect on the tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship, the direct effect of that on the acceptance of my extramarital relationship is significant. Second, the more acceptance of my extramarital relationship, the less tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship strongly. Thirdly, the full mediation effect of the acceptance of my extramarital relationship between the individual openness and the tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship is proved. Moreover, the full mediation effect of the acceptance of mine between the emotional isolation and the tolerance of spouse's is also significant. That is, the effect of individual openness and emotional isolation on the tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship is influenced by the acceptance of my extramarital relationship. The perception of my extramarital relationship affect the perception of spouse's extramarital relationship. Some practical and political implications regarding extramarital relationship are discussed based on the study's findings.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 2000

The aim of this study is having the status, knowledge and attitude of the high school attendees toward smoking be analyzed, helping to make effective health education methods to diminish adolescent smoking habits. The field self-questionnaire investigation has been performed from Oct 10th through 23rd in 1999. The whole 427 cases were distributed to 1st and 2nd grade students of randomly selected men's high school in Seoul. And 414 cases (97%) were finally selected for analysis after exclusion of cases with insufficient information. The main contents of questionnaire are composed of several sectors; the general characteristics of the interviewees, the relationship with parents, the life style and the peer relationship in school. And smoking-related characteristics are taken into consideration, too. The major findings of the study are as follows: The smoking/non-smoking related factors are, in socio-demographical terms, the grade, average spending per month of the interviewees. And the degree of satisfactory relationship with parents is significant on smoking behavior. The higher, the degree of satisfaction on school life and relationship with designated teacher, the more chances of non-smoking habit. Poor academic grades and peer group dependability of interviewees cause higher smoking habit rate in other way. The self-interviewees grade and cohabitation with parents are also significant on both the attitude toward smoking habit and the knowledge on smoking statistically. The academic history and vocations of the parents and the academic grades of interviewees are also effective variables, but don't make any gap between groups knowledge on smoking. Smoking groups used to have positive attitude toward smoking habit. Both the attitude and knowledge on smoking by the consideration of Quit-smoking have statistically significance. The groups which have negative attitude and high knowledge on smoking quit-smoking into consideration. And the primary cause of quit-smoking is on health by smoking. Depression, stress, adult smoking in the house, peer group pressure, cigarettes advertisements on papers and magazines and smoking scenes on TV have positive correlation on forming smoking habit (p〈0.001) But the knowledge on diseases triggered by smoking has negative correlation on forming smoking habit. (p〈0.05, p〈0.001). Social factors as monthly spending, relationship and communication with parents, the degree of satisfaction in school life, academic grades and student-teacher relationship have crucial negative correlation on smoking habit. That is to say, the higher, the monthly spending is, the worse, the relationship with parents and teachers is, the lower, the academic grades of the student is, the percentage of the interviewees who have smoking habit seems to get higher.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture and Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture on autonomic nervous system with Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Purpose of the trial was to observe what influence Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture and Bovis calculus Fel Ursi pharmacopuncture have on the autonomic nervous system. Methods : 40 healthy male volunteers were divided into two experimental groups, such as Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture group and Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture group. Study design was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. 20 subjects in one experimental group were injected Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture, 20 subjects in other experimental group were injected hydrolyzed Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture at GB21(Kyonjong). We measured HRV 7 times : baseline measurement and every 5 minutes for 30 minutes after injection. The SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data by the paired t-test(in group) and independent sample t-test(between the groups). Results A. Time Domain Analysis 1. Analysis of Mean HRV, SDNN and Complexity After injection of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture, Mean HRV was significantly decreased all the times after injection. SDNN was significantly increased at immediate and 25 minute after injection. Complexity was significantly decreased only at 15 minute after injection. After injection of Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture, Mean HRV was significantly decreased all the times after injection. Complexity was significantly decreased at 15 minutes after injection. 2. Analysis of HRV index, pNN50 After injection of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture, HRV index was significantly increased immediately after injection. pNN50 was significantly decreased at immediately, 20 and 25 minutes after injection. After injection of Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture, HRV index was significantly increased immediately after injection. pNN50 was significantly decreased at immediate and 25 minutes after injection. B. Frequency Domain Analysis 1. Analysis of Ln(TP), Ln(HF), Ln(LF), Ln(VLF) After injection of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture, Ln(TP) was significantly increased at immediate and 25 after injection. Ln(HF) was significantly increased all the times after injection. Ln(LF) was significantly increased at 15, 20 and 25 minutes after injection. Ln(VLF) was significantly increased at immediate and 25 minutes after injection. After injection of Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture, Ln(TP) was significantly increased at immediately and 25 after injection. Ln(LF) was significantly increased at 20 and 25 minutes after injection. Ln(VLF) was significantly increased at immediate and 25 minutes after injection. Conclusions : We results suggest that Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu Pharmacopuncture and Bovis calculus Fel Ursi Pharmacopuncture in healthy adult men tend to activate the autonomic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system within normal range.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.459-464
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic materials for marketing strategies of cosmeceuticals by investigating customers' recognition and satisfaction about cosmeceuticals targeting 161 adult men and women in their 20s to 50s and living in Seoul, Korea and then analyzing what should be improved for customers. According to the survey, many customers prefer cosmeceuticals due to the professionalism recognized by hospitals, the recommendation by doctors and the scientific image, though the recognition about cosmeceuticals is low among customers in their 40s or older because they are unfamiliar with the term. The survey also shows that the satisfaction about cosmeceuticals is very high in that 94.41% out of 49.85% total users said they were willing to repurchase them, while 72.22% out of 50.15% total nonusers said they wanted to purchase them. The greater knowledge about skin, the higher the interest in cosmetics and the aesthetic practice rate. When it comes to comparing cosmeceutical users and nonusers in choosing cosmetic products, the greater knowledge about skin, more nonusers consider brand recognition (r=.222, p<.05) and cosmetic ingredient (r=.245, p<.005); and more users convenience (r=.162, p<.05). Now that total customers' awareness of cosmeceuticals remains low yet, therefore, it is considered necessary to steadily promote them, enhance repurchase factors, and come up with strategies differentiated from ordinary cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

Elevated serum concentration of inflammation markers is known as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MS) and dietary intake is an important factor to control MS. The purpose of this study was to investigated the hypothesis that inflammatory indices are associated with dietary intake and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) in subjects with MS. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 men and 73 postmenopausal women with MS, defined by three or more risk factors of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin were examined and nutrients intake and DQI-I were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The total DQI-I score was significantly higher in female subjects ($65.87{\pm}9.86$) than in male subjects ($62.60{\pm}8.95$). There was a positive association between hs-CRP and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05) and a negative association between adiponectin and lipid (p < 0.05), total sugar (p < 0.01), and total fatty acids (p < 0.05). When the subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin and hs-CRP level, there was no association between DQI-I score and hs-CRP levels. Moderation score of DQI-I was significantly higher in highest quintile group than the lower quintile groups. Therefore, our results provide some evidence that dietary intake and diet quality are associated with inflammation markers and dietary modification might be a predictor to decrease risk for metabolic syndrome complications. However further research is needed to develop the dietary quality index reflecting the inflammatory change by considering the dietary habit and pattern of Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.705-712
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• 2013

Epidemiologic research has suggested that frequent eating out may be associated with poor dietary habits, including high-calorie and inadequate nutrient intakes. Limited studies, however, have evaluated dietary behaviors with patterns of eating out in South Korea. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between nutrient intakes, adherence to dietary guidelines, and frequencies of eating out among Korean adults. Data were analyzed from adult (30 to 64 years old) participants of the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=10,223). Nutrient intake levels were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. The dietary score (DS-ADGK) was calculated based on the adherence to dietary guidelines for Koreans. Subjects who frequently consumed meals outside the home tended to be younger, male, urban-dwelling, highly educated, and receiving a higher income. The frequency of eating out was positively associated with the higher intake of most nutrients, except carbohydrates and crude fiber. Regular breakfast habits seem to be associated with the frequency of meals outside the home for women; younger women who frequently eat out tended to have irregular breakfast eating habits, but this association is attenuated with increasing age. The mean DS-ADGK differed by sex, age, and the frequency of eating out; older participants scored higher than the younger ones, women had higher scores than men, and those who frequently eat out had lower scores than their counterparts. In addition, the adherence score for each component of the dietary guidelines was also significantly different by age and sex. The consideration of demographic characteristics related to frequent eating out and other barriers to healthful eating, as well as essential and practical interventions, are needed to promote positive dietary behavioral changes in Korea.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2020

When Radiofrequency energy is applied to the human body, the vibration width is very short. Therefore, the electrolyte burn generated when using the direct current does not occur. Ion molecules, polarized molecules, etc., vibrate more than 40,000 times per second, converting them into frictional heat to generate deep heat. The blood flow of capillaries increases 4-5 times more than at rest, increasing the supply of oxygen, nutrients, antibodies, and white blood cells. In addition, the electrochemical reaction does not occur because the vibration width and the pulsation period are very short. It is a physical factor treatment method that does not stimulate the sensory nerves and motor nerves. In this study, an isotonic exercise is performed in a young normal adult using a Radiofrequency pain treatment device. The purpose of this study is to integrate rehabilitation therapy by measuring electromyography data during isotonic exercise and confirming the effect on changes in motor neuron response. The EMG data generated when isotonic exercise of the forearm biceps muscle and the EMG data measured after the use of a Radiofrequency pain treatment device after exercise were RMS, respectively, and verified through t-test. It was confirmed that there was a significant difference in both men and women because the t-value was smaller than the significance level p (<.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5789-5796
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• 2011

This study examined the effect of VT(Vibration Training) on the symptoms of DOMS (Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness) before induced by eccentric exercise of the left leg triceps surae. Twenty one healthy adult men and women who had not participated in a regular exercise program for the lower extremities were assigned to one of two experimental groups: vibration training group, Control group. We measured the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), ankle plantar flexor strength, triceps surae circumference, CK(Creatine Kinase) before and after exercise and 24, 48 and 72 hours after eccentric exercise. After inducing DOMS, VAS showed significant differences between groups at a point of time 48 hours, and showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). Plantar flexor strength of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). Triceps surae circumference of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). CK of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). As a result of the study, VT prior to eccentric exercise is effective to inhibit pain. So, this method can be suggested to prevent DOMS in doing an unfamiliar activites.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.61
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• pp.353-376
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• 2019

The study aims to analyze the factors affecting citizens' willingness to cooperate in police activities and to verify the intermediation effects of citizens' trust in police in these relationships. In order to achieve the purpose of such research, we selected factors that are expected to affect cooperation in police activities and police confidence by conducting a survey of 502 adult men and women living in Seoul and utilized them for analysis. The results from the analysis are summarized as follows. First, procedural fairness was confirmed as an influence factor on the cooperative history of police activities. In other words, it is necessary to have police activities conducted more fairly and citizens recognize them in order to induce cooperation from citizens, as the fairer police activities are shown to increase the willingness of citizens to cooperate. Second, it was confirmed that the level of citizen awareness of patrol activities and level of disorder in the community affected cooperation in police activities through the medium of police trust. It can be said that the more positively citizens evaluate police patrol activities, the more police confidence increases and this trust leads to citizens' cooperation in police activities. In addition, as the disorderly environment in the community improves, citizens' trust in the police increases, leading to civic cooperation in police activities. Based on this, the police trust was able to confirm that it had a fully operational effect. Third, if the procedural fairness of police activities increases, citizens trust the police, and this police trust leads to cooperation in police activities. In addition, it was found that procedural fairness had a direct impact on citizens' cooperation in police activities, so it was able to confirm that there was a partial selling effect.