• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.533-541
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• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzed the relationship between parental body mass index (BMI; BMI_p) and hypertension in their adolescent offspring (HTN_a), focusing on the mediating effect of adolescents' BMI (BMI_a). Methods: Utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including participants aged 12-18, we conducted a mediation analysis while controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, physical activity, dietary habits, household income quartile, and parents' alcohol and smoking habits. Results: The study included a total of 5731 participants, of whom 3381 and 5455 participants had data on fathers' and mothers' BMI, respectively. For adolescent systolic blood pressure (SBP_a), the father's BMI (BMI_f) had a significant total effect (β, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.34) and average controlled mediated effect (ACME) (β, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.32), but the average direct effect (ADE) was not significant. The mother's BMI (BMI_m) had a significant total effect (β, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.25), ACME (β, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.28) and ADE (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.00). For adolescent diastolic blood pressure, both BMI_f and BMI_m had significant ACMEs (β, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12 and β, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.12, respectively), BMI_m had a significant ADE (β, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.02) but BMI_f had an insignificant ADE and total effect. Conclusions: The study found that parental BMI had a significant effect on SBP_a, mediated through BMI_a. Therefore, a high BMI in parents could be a risk factor, mediated through BMI_a, for systolic hypertension in adolescents, necessitating appropriate management.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 2002

Objectives：The major goal of this study was to investigate and compare the behavior problems and mothers' rearing pattern between adolescent psychiatric patients either neglected or rejected by peer and those who were neither neglected nor rejected by peer. Methods：Adolescent psychiatric patients(N=25) performed peer neglect scale, peer reject scale. And their mothers performed the part of Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(MBRI), the scale for the maternal concern about the social life of their own patients, and the scale for maternal concern about the friendship of their own patients. According to the score of the peer neglect scale and the peer reject scale, we divided the patients into 'peer neglect-reject' group(n=15) and ‘on-loneliness’ group(n=10), and compared the scores of other scales between each group. Also, we investigated the correlation among all scales. Results：1) The scores of the part of CBCL(p<.05), depressed/anxious subscale of CBCL(p<.05) and thought problem subscale of CBCL(p<.01) in peer neglect-reject group were significantly higher than those in non-neglect group. The score of peer neglect scale was significantly correlated with that of the part of CBCL(r=.516), depressed/anxious subscale of CBCL(r=.483), thought problem subscale of CBCL (r=.651), social problem subscale of CBCL(r=.517). And the score of peer reject scale was significantly correlated with that of attention subscale of CBCL(r=.414), thought problem subscale of CBCL(r=.446), social problem subscale of CBCL(r=.531). 2) But, each group was not significantly different on the scores of MBRI, the scale for the maternal concern about the social life of their own patients, and the scale for maternal concern about the friendship of their own patients. And there were no significant correlation between the scores of peer neglect / peer reject scale and those of scales for maternal rearing pattern. Conclusion：The thought problem and depression/anxiety problem of adolescent psychiatric patients neglected or rejected by peer were estimated more higher than those of adolescent psychiatric patients neither neglected nor rejected by peer. But, from the view of maternal rearing pattern, each 2 groups seemed not to be different. Further research using more subjects will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.105-122
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data to analyze the importance of family as the consumer socialization agents influencing consumer socialization and to enhance the adolescent children's level of consumer skill. The summary of research results is as follows: 1. There were significant differences in the mothers' level of consumer socialization according to the age, education level, consumer attitude, children's grade. 2. The factors showing significant relations to children's level of consumer skills were found to be children's sex, their grade, mother's age and their consumer attitude. The similar results were found for the various aspects of consumer skills. 3. Both the mother's level of consumer socialization with respect to themselves and with respect to children were found to be positivily correlated to children's level of consumer skills. 4. The result of analyzing the independent contribution of the factors in affecting the childern's level of consumer skills is that in order of increasing contribution the factors are the mother's level of consumer socialization with respect to children, children's grade, their sex, the mother's age. 5. The mother's level of consumer socialization with respect to themselves and with respect to children were found to be considerably influenced by demographics and socio-psychological variables. And it was confirmed that the mother's level of consumer socialization has causal relations to children's level of consumer skills.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate the decision making process & preference for imported products and to suggest the systematic education programs for adolescent consumers. The data for this research were attained from 426 middle & high school students in Pohang. The data were analyzed by frequency distribution. mean standard deviation analysis of variance t-test, χ(sup)2-test and Pearson’s correlation with SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. preference for imported products was significantly different according to sex, amount of pocket money, region. T.V advertising, friends and the attitude of their mothers. 2. Decision making process was composed of 4 dimensions in this study; information sources criteria for products problem experience of consumption and type of problem solving. In case of information sources there was a signifiant difference according to sex. grade level of parents’education. Criteria for products were significantly different according to sex grade. level of father’s education type of father’s job amount of pocket money and how they gained their pocket money. Consumption problem experience & type of problem solving were significantly different according to sex and grade. 3. Preference for imported products was significantly different according to criteria for products and consumption problem experience out of adecision making process.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-72
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• 2011

Study on children from international marriage so far has been conducted focusing on the school-aged children, and it uniformly presents those children as a mere being with problem, overlooking regional variables of rural area. Hence, this study aims to seek various means of adaptation of children from international marriage by considering both variables rural area and adolescence. For this study, six children from international marriage living in the rural area of H county in Jeonlanamdo were chosen, in-dept interview were conducted, and Giorgi(1985) was used to analyze qualitative data. The results shows that these adolescences appear to have extensive experiences in the areas of learning, personal relationship, home and identity. Level of academic achievement was influenced by what school they attend to, and personal relationship aspect was affected by prejudice and discriminative perception from people around them. In addition, in home environment, hatred toward father, sympathy for mother, comparison with mothers who have great cultural adaptation skills, and pressure as the firstborn appear to be on the increase. Adolescent children tend to be addicted to internet games in order to escape from anxiety, experiencing identity crisis. They tend to be negative about international marriage of their parents, and exhibit behaviors refusing values and religious view of their parents. At the conclusion, limitation of the study and suggestion for further study are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

25 young autistic children were examined in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. The attachment security of 21 children could be classified. Almost half(44%) of these children were securely attached. The relationship between attachment security and developmental variables(chronological age, social quotient, severity of symptom) was investigated. There were no significant differences on CA, social quotient, and severity of symptom between secure attachment group and insecure attachment group. Although autistic children have social deficits, they develop secure attachment to their mothers.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined whether there is a relationship between smoking and health behavior and the status of cigarette or e-cigarette smoking adolescents. Methods: This study, as secondary analysis research, used the raw data from the 14th Korea youth risk behavior survey 2018. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Rao-Scott 𝑥²-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Differences in gender, economic levels, and the educational levels of mothers were observed between cigarette smoking and e-cigarette smoking adolescents. The relationship between smoking and health behavior and status was examined by comparing cigarette and e-cigarette smoking. The results showed that the ratio of e-cigarettes was relatively higher in adolescents who have substance experiences. In contrast, cigarette smoking was related to drinking and perceived lack of sleep. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to develop healthy behavior that is strongly related to the smoking types of adolescents and health promotion programs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 1991

The author reported treatment experiences of 4 cases with test anxiety. The first one was a 15 year old boy with problem of mild attention deficit which caused test anxiety and academic underachievement around the 8th grade in middle school. The second and the third cases were brother and sister. The test anxiety was caused basically due to the problem of mother child relationship. their mother expected too much of her son and always urged him to study and never left him alone. The mothers practically gave up her whole life to devote to oversee her son's academic achievement and her daughter experienced affectional deprivation. The fourth case, a 16 year old boy, was a borderline personality disorder with extreme anger and hostility toward his parents who controled him too much. Different therapeutic approaches appropriate for different cases were described and the relationship between test anxiety and various psychopathology was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.178-184
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the effect of a group-based parent education program on parenting stress and attitude and comparing the same according to adult attachment styles. Methods: Twenty-two mothers who enrolled in the parent education program participated in our study. The participants filled in the Korean version of the Experience in Close Relationship Revised (ECR-R), Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (K-PSI-SF), Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (MBRI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) before and after the program. We compared the pre - and post-scores of the groups and compared the differences in effect according to adult attachment styles. Results: For all study participants, the Parent Distress (p=0.023) and Total Parenting Stress (p=0.018) significantly declined after the parent education program. There were no differences in other variables. Within the secure attachment group, the Total Parenting Stress (p=0.008), Parent Distress (p=0.015), and Difficult Child (p=0.011) scores in the K-PSI-SF significantly decreased after participating in the program. The Difficult Child scores (p=0.040) significantly dropped in the K-PSI-SF post program within the secure attachment group, compared to the insecure attachment group. Conclusion: The group-based parent education program impacted parenting stress. Depending on the adult attachment styles, the effect of the program varied.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

Personal life and achievements are the process and result of a person's past, present, and future interacting with each other. In this regard, if one fully understands the life and background of the person who developed the theory of psychoanalysis, one can understand and use the theory more appropriately. The holding environment theory developed by Donald Woods Winnicott is useful for understanding the process by which infants grow healthy under the care of a mother who is good enough. In this paper, the background of the birth of the holding environment theory is reviewed based on Winnicott's developmental background and marital life. He grew up with a holding environment from good enough 'multiple mothers'. Born with excellent athletic ability and musical talent, he was more curious than anyone else and particularly active in discovering new things. After the unhappy first marriage, Claire Britton's second marriage was happy academically and personally. Claire was a fellow paediatric psychoanalyst who published Winnicott's research and theories after his death. Psychoanalysis or psychotherapy itself can be a holding environment, and the holding environment theory can be applied to various fields in the digital era.