• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2013

The biological activity of tissue specific stem cell is under the control of their specific microenvironment and the exogenous chemicals derived from digestive tract can be one of the constructing factors of that. It is suggested that the extract of brown algae Ishige okamurae has antioxidant-, apoptosis induction-, and antiinflammatory-effects. On the other hand, a few studies have shown that antioxidant assist inhibition of accumulation of fat. So we studied the effect of the extract of I. okamura on the cellular activity and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to adipose cell. The viability of cell was analyzed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cell was analyzed after induction in the induction medium containing the I. okamurae extract. The cellular activity was high compared with the vehicle and 0.05 mM caffeine in all groups of I. okamurae extract treated cells. The extract of I. okamura inhibited accumulation of lipids in 10 and $50{\mu}g/ml$. The expression of the marker genes for adipocyte differentiation coincided with cytochemical results. These results suggest that the extract of I. okamurae increases the cellular viability of adipose precursor cells. On the other hand, it suppresses the differentiation of preadipocyte to adipocyte and accumulation of lipids in concentration-dependent manners. It may be possible that the major component of the extract can be applied in the control of adipose tissuegenesis.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2007

동면선종은 잔존하는 갈색지방으로부터 발생한 드문 양성의 종양으로 근육과 피하 조직에 영향을 미치며 무증상이며 서서히 자라는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이의 자기 공명 영상 소견 상의 특징을 연구하여 술 전에 다른 양성 종양과의 감별 진단을 고려하여야 할 것이다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1995

Obesity is a major nutritional problem in the developed countries. The prevalence of obesity may range from 10 to 50 per rent or mort of adult population and it may be increasing tendency. Many efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of obesity, but except a few metabolic obesities in the most of obese patients, the mechanisms are not understood. The treatment modalities of obesity, ranging from dietary and pubilc health intervention through the pharmacological and surgical therapy, have been developed and tested. In the obese patients mortalities and mobilities are significantly increased than non obese subjects due to hypertension, diabetics, and other problems. There are four possible mechanisms by which energy balance might be altered to enhance metabolic efficiency. futile metabolic pathway, alteration of protein rum over, alteration in sodium-potassium ATPase and alteration in uncoupled oxidation in brown adipose tissue are considered as possible mechanisms. Low calory and very low calory diets are recommended as a dietary program. Several pharmacological agent such as benzphetamine, fenfluramine, mazindol and fluoxetin are currently popular drugs for the treatment of obesity.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2016

본 총설에서는 비-플라보노이드 폴리페놀인 레스베라트롤이 간, 골격근 및 지방조직에서 지질대사에 관계된 다양한 신호전달체계를 조절하여 지질 대사 효과를 유발시키는 과정에 관해 고찰하였다. 구체적으로 in vitro 연구에서 레스베라트롤은 지방생성을 줄여주고 apoptosis를 증가시켜 지방세포의 발달과정에 기인하며, 지방세포의 분화에 있어 중요한 전사인자인 $C/EBP{\beta}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP1c 및 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 활성을 감소시켜 항 비만 효과를 유발하는 효과가 있다는 것이 많은 논문들을 통해 증명되었다(Fig. 2). 또한, in vivo 연구에서 레스베라트롤은 지방 축적 과정을 억제하고 지질 분해 및 산화 경로를 자극하여 체지방 증가율을 감소시킨다는 것이 증명되었다. 최근 다양한 연구의 결과물(Table 2)들은 레스베라트롤이 지방생성, 지방분해, 열발생 및 지방산 산화에 관여하며 또한, 백색 지방을 갈색 지방으로 변화시키는 능력이 있다는 것을 증명하였다. 흥미롭게도 레스베라트롤은 비만뿐만이 아닌 심장발작 및 뇌졸중과 같은 다양한 대사질환을 예방하는데 도움이 되고, 결장암 및 간암 세포의 성장을 억제하는 효능이 있다는 사실이 밝혀지기도 하였다. 하지만 인간에 대한 레스베라트롤의 명확한 메커니즘을 알지 못하고 인간에게 나타나는 부작용에 관한 연구가 없기 때문에, 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 다양한 실험모델을 이용한 레스베라트롤의 단기간 및 장기간에 대한 깊은 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)이 대사증후군(代謝症候群)에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 ICR mouse에 고지방식이로 비만과 대사증후군(代謝症候群)을 유도하면서 신유(腎兪)(BL23)에 상응하는 부위에 일정한 방법으로 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)후 체중, 식이효율, 혈중 glucose, insulin level, insulin resistance, 경구내당능, 혈압, 혈중지질의 변화, 지방조직의 중량과 면적, 조직학적 변화와 GLUT-4 mRNA 및 UCP-1 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 1. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 체중의 증가와 식이효율의 상승을 억제하였다. 2. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 혈중 glucose, insulin level 및 insulin resistance의 상승을 억제하고, 경 구내당능을 개선시켰다. 3. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 혈압의 상승을 억제하였다. 4. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 혈중지질의 이상을 개선시켰다. 5. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 WAT, BAT 및 liver 중량의 증가를 억제하였고, WAT와 BAT의 면적과 직경의 증가를 억제하였다. 6. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 GLUT-4 mRNA 및 UCP-1 mRNA 발현의 증가를 억제하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1697-1703
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• 2012

비만은 대사성 질환의 주요 위험 인자이다. 최근, 천연물질들의 비만 개선효과에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 잔티젠은 체중감소와 지질 대사 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 미역에서 유래한 fucoxanthin과 석류씨 오일에서 유래한 punicic acid로 구성된 복합 추출물이다. 본 연구에서, 우리는 C57BL/6N 마우스를 이용하여 잔티젠이 고지방식이로 유도된 비만을 개선시킬 수 있는지 조사하였다. 마우스는 각각 정상식이 대조군, 고지방식이 대조군, 고지방식이 + 1% 잔티젠군, 고지방식이 + 1% 녹차 추출물 양성대조군으로 나누어 11주간 사육하였다. 잔티젠 투여군은 고지방식이군과 비교하여 식이효율과 체중이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 체중 변화와 유사하게, 잔티젠은 복부부고환 지방조직과 후복막 지방조직 및 간의 무게를 고지방식이군 대비 뚜렷하게 감소시켰고, 혈청 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량 또한 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 잔티젠의 탁월한 항비만 효과를 갖는 건강기능식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 제시한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-117
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• 2005

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of SBY-III extract on the weight, cell size of epididymal fat-pad, fat accumulation area in liver, serum lipid level and UCP1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed obese rats continued by high fat diet and regulated by normal Diet. Methods : The body weight gain, weight of the internal organs(epididymis, liver, brown adipose tissue), insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total lopod, free fatty acid, expression of UCP1 mRNA were measured in high fat diet-fed obese rats continued by high fat diet and regulated by normal diet. The experimental study are divided into exp-I and exp-II. Each study was administered normal diet, high fat diet and SBY-III according to each situation. Normal group is normal diet for 8 weeks. Exp-I are divided into control group(high fat diet for 8 weeks) and sample group(high fat diet for 8 weeks and SBY-III for last 2 weeks). Exp-II are divided into control group(high fat diet for 6 weeks and normal diet for 2 weeks) and sample group(high fat diet for 6 weeks and normal diet with SBY-III for 2 weeks). These were then compared mutually. Results : 1. Irrespective of diet control, sample group taken SBY-III showed the more effective decrease of weight gain than control group and diet control-fed sample group with SBY-III showed the more effective decrease of weight loss including weight gain than control group. 2. Irrespective of diet control, sample group taken SBY-III showed the more effective decrease cell size of epididymal fat-pad, fat accumulation area in liver than control group. 3. Non diet control-fed sample group taken SBY-III showed the more effective decrease of serum triglyceride, total lipid, free fatty acid than control group and diet control-fed sample group taken SBY-III showed the decrease of serum triglyceride, free fatty acid than control group. 4. Only diet control-fed sample group taken SBY-III showed the decrease of UCP1 volume. Conclusions : These results shows that SBY-III has effects on anti-obesity, especially keeping pace with diet control.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of biocellulose and the diet formulation on reducing body weight gain of obese rats induced by high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to high-fat diet group (OB-CON), high-fat diet group containing 5% biocellulose (OB-BIO), and high-fat diet group containing 5% dietary formulation (OB-DF). After feeding each diet for additional 10 weeks, body weight gains of OB-BIO and OB-DF groups were lower by 3.3 and 4.8%, respectively as compared with that of OB-CON group. Although not significant, measured values of the perirenal and visceral fat pads of OB-BIO and OB-DF groups were lower than those of the OB-CON group. The weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue did not show significant difference in all groups. The size of adipocyte in rats was lower in both OB-BIO and OB-DF groups. Thus, biocelluose and the diet formulation showed the anti-obesity effect.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.9-9
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• 2018

Arctii Fructus (AF), which contains arctigenin (ARC) as a major constituent, is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory medicine to treat inflammatory sore throat. Although several studies have proven its anti-inflammatory effects, there have been no reports on its use in inflammation related disorders such as obesity, cancer metastasis, and allergic responses. This study investigated the anti-obesity effect and anti-metastasis effect of AF and ARC. AF and ARC inhibited weight gain by reducing the mass of white adipose tissue in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Serum cholesterol levels were also improved by AF and ARC. In in vitro experiments, AF and ARC decreased differentiation of white adipocytes. Furthermore, AF induced differentiation of brown adipocytes, which are able to consume surplus energy through non-shivering thermogenesis. Also, AF and ARC inhibited colon cancer and lung metastasis of colon cancer. They suppressed not only colorectal cancer cell progression by inhibiting cell growth, but also prohibited lung metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and the invasion. These effects were confirmed in an experimental metastasis mouse model. In addition, AF and ARC inhibited mast cell mediated allergic responses. Collectively, our study suggests that AF and ARC might show inhibitory effects on inflammation related diseases, including obesity, cancer, cancer metastasis, and allergic responses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng (PG) has a long history of use in Asian medicine because of its multiple pharmacological activities. It has been considered that PG in a type of white ginseng may induce undesirable thermogenic effects, but not in a type of red ginseng. However, there is a lack of evidence about the correlation between ginsenoside and thermogenesis. Methods: We investigated the effects of PG with different ginsenoside compositions on body temperature, blood pressure, and thermogenesis-related factors in rats. Results: With increasing steaming time (0 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h), the production of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides increased, whereas protopanaxatriol ginsenosides decreased in white ginseng. In both short- and long-term studies, administration of four ginseng extracts prepared at different steaming times did not induce significant changes in body temperature (skin, tail, and rectum) and blood pressure of rats compared to saline control. In addition, there were no significant differences in the molecular markers related to thermogenesis (p > 0.05), mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ and uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue, as well as the serum levels of interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrite among the treatment groups. Conclusion: These observations indicate that the potential undesirable effects of PG on body temperature could not be explained by the difference in ginsenoside composition.