• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 2022

비만의 원인이 되는 고지방식이 섭취는 체내에서 과다한 지질 축적 및 염증 반응을 유도한다. 본 연구에서 고지방식이로 비만이 유도된 C57BL/6 동물 모델에서 흑양파식초 섭취가 미치는 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해 흑양파즙 및 흑양파식초를 각각 6주간 투여하였다. 고지방식이를 유도한 HFD군은 정상 식이를 섭취한 NC군에 비해 체중 및 장기 무게가 증가하여 비만이 유도되었음을 확인하였다. 반면 흑양파식초를 투여한 HFD + BV군은 HFD군에 비해 체중 및 장기 무게를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 흑양파즙 및 흑양파식초를 각각 투여한 군은 HFD군에 비해 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 수치를 개선시켰다. 뿐만 아니라, 흑양파식초 투여군은 HDL 콜레스테롤 및 LDL 콜레스테롤 수치를 유의적으로 개선시켜 고지방식이로 손상된 지질대사 개선 효과를 확인하였으며, 부고환 지방 및 간 조직에서 지방세포의 수와 크기를 감소시켰다. 흑양파식초의 비만개선 작용 기전을 확인하기위해 간 조직 내에서 adipogenesis 및 염증 관련 단백질 발현 측정 결과, 흑양파즙 및 흑양파식초 투여군은 HFD군에 비해 adipogenesis 및 염증 관련 인자를 감소시켰다. 특히 흑양파식초 투여는 흑양파즙 투여에 비해 지방생성에 관여하는 단백질 억제 효과가 더욱 우수하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 흑양파식초 투여는 고지방식이로 비만이 유도된 동물모델에서 adipogenesis 관련 단백질 발현 억제를 통해 비만을 개선시킴을 알 수 있었으며, 항비만 기능성 식초로 활용 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2010

The present study investigated whether the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway is involved in the regulation of high glucose-induced intramuscular adipogenesis in porcine muscle satellite cells. High glucose (25 mM) dramatically increased intracellular lipid accumulation in cells during the 10-day adipogenic differentiation period. The expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-$\alpha$ (C/EBP-$\alpha$) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein were gradually enhanced during the 10-day duration while mTOR phosphorylation and sterol-regulatory- element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c protein were induced on day 4. Moreover, inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin resulted in a reduction of SREBP-1c protein expression and adipogenesis in cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that the adipogenic differentiation of porcine muscle satellite cells and a succeeding extensive adipogenesis, which is triggered by high glucose, is initiated by the mTOR signal pathway through the activation of SREBP-1c protein. This process is previously uncharacterized and suggests a cellular mechanism may be involved in ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle during type 2 diabetes.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.275-287
• /
• 2013

Although, one of the etiologies of localized lipodystrophy of the subcutaneous connective tissue (cellulite) is the histological alternation of adipose tissue, the characteristics of expression of the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during adipogenesis are not uncovered. In this study, the effects of caffeine and Ishige okamurae originated diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) on the expression of extracellualr fibers was analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR during differentiation induction of mouse subcutaneous adipose derived stem cells (msADSC) into adipocyte. The expression levels of Col1a, Col3a1, and Col61a were decreased by the adipogenci induction in a time-dependent manners. However, Col2a mRNA and Col4a1 mRNA expressions were oposit to them. Caffeine and DPHC stimulated the changes of the expression of these collagens. Eln mRNA expression was increased by induction. DPHC stimulated the expression of it. Mfap5 mRNA expression was deceased in both adipogenic cell and matured adipocytes. Caffeine suppressed the expression of Mfap5 but the effect of DPHC was different by the concentration. The expression of bioglycan, decorin, and lumican were also modified by caffeine and DPHC in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on this study, we revealed firstly the effects of caffeine and DPHC on the expression of collagens, elastin, and glycoproteins during adipogenesis of msADSCs. Those results suggest that DPHC may have antiadipogenic effect and has more positive effets on normal adipose tissue generation and work as suppressor the abnormality of ECM structure. Such results indicate that DPHC can be applied in keeping the stability of the ECM of adipogenic tissues.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.855-862
• /
• 2012

Resveratrol (RVT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) individually inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The objective was to examine the possibility of interaction between RVT and EGCG, resulting in enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Preadipocytes were treated with RVT and EGCG individually at 6.25 or $25{\mu}M$ (RVT6.25 or RVT25) and 12.5 or $50{\mu}M$ (EGCG12.5 or EGCG50) and in combination (RVT6.25 + EGCG12.5 and RVT25 + EGCG50). RVT25 as an individual compound decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 24%, and RVT25 + EGCG50 further decreased lipid accumulation by 77%. In addition, exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to RVT6.25 + EGCG12.5 and RVT25 + EGCG50 combinations resulted in an enhanced increase of adiponectin release and inhibition of leptin release. Quantitative analysis revealed that the combination of tested materials (RVT6.25 + EGCG12.5 and RVT25 + EGCG50) decreased the expression levels of C/EBP${\alpha}$, PPAR${\gamma}2$, and aP2. These results indicate that the combined treatments with RVT and EGCG produce synergistic effects on inhibiting adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The overall results suggested that the combining RVT and EGCG might be more capable of exerting antiobesity effects than each individual compound by itself.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.831-836
• /
• 2010

In addition to spice, black pepper (Piper nigrum Linne : PnL) has been used as herbal medicine because of its function in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-carcinogenesis. Recently, it has been reported that piperine, a component of PnL, inhibits adipocyte differentiation by repressing various adipogenic gene expressions. In this study, we determined whether piperine is a major constituent of PnL that confers the anti-adipogenic activity at whole genome level. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was induced in presence of PnL extract or piperine. To compare genes that are regulated by PnL extract or piperine, we performed expression profiling using microarrays (Agilent Mouse 44k 4plex). RNA samples were labeled with Cy3 and Cy5, respectively. Labeled samples were hybridized to the microarrays. Results were filtered and cut off set p<0.05. Genes exhibiting significant differences in expression level were classified into Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional categories (http://www.geneontology.org) and KEGG (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/). Extract of PnL and its component piperine reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis. Such anti-adipogenic activity appears to result from down-regulation of transcription factor genes involved in adipogenesis, and other genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, transport, triglyceride synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. These genome-wide studies lead to conclude that piperine, as a critical component of PnL, plays common role with PnL in anti-adipogenesis.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.270-274
• /
• 2010

Obesity is caused from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which may lead to pathologic growth of adipocytes and accumulation of fat in tissue. We examined the inhibitory effects of Eriobotrya japonica leaf and seed extracts on lipid absorption in vitro and fat accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 to adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated with DMEM media containing 10% FBS, 0.5 mM 3-isobuthyl-1-methyxanthine (IBMX), $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ insulin, and $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ dexamethasone for differentiation to adipocytes. E. japonica leaf extract at concentration of 0.5 or 1 mg/ml inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. The cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes slightly reduced about 3% by treatment of E. Japonica leaf and seed extracts. The leaf and seed extracts of E. japonica effectively inhibited the accumulations of lipid droplet and expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ promoting adipogenesis. Thus, this data suggest that E. japonica leaf and seed extracts inhibit fat accumulation through regulation of $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and leaf extract is more effective in lipid absorption and adipogenesis than seed extract.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2008

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture(CFP) on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, lipolysis in rat epididymal adipocytes and histological changes in porcine adipose tissue. Methods Inhibiton of preadipocyte differentiation and/or stimulation of lipolysis play important roles in reducing obesity. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 3days in the absence or presence of CFP ranging from 0.01 to 1mg/mL. The effect of CFP on adipogenesis was examined by measuring GPDH activity and by Oil Red O staining. Mature adipocytes from rat epididymal fat pad was incubated with CFP ranging from 0.01 to 1mg/mL for 3 hrs. The effect of CFP on lipolysis was examined by measuring free glycerol released. Fat tissue from pig skin was injected with CFP ranging from 0.1 to 10mg/mL to examine the effect of CFP on histological changes under light microscopy. Results The following results were obtained from present study on adipogenesis of preadipocytes, lipolysis of adipocytes and histological changes in fat tissue. 1. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture inhibited adipogenic differentiation at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL. 2. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) at the concentration of 0.1mg/mL. 3. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture ok. lipolysis at the concentration of 0.1mg/ml. 4. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture ranging 0.1 to 10mg/mL failed to exert lysis of cell membrane in porcine fat tissue. Conclusions These results suggest that Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture at relatively high concentration inhibited adipogenesis and increased lipolysis of adipocytes. However, Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture didn't exert any effect on lysis of cell membrane in fat tissue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.349-359
• /
• 2020

Objective: Orchastric changes in the mammary glands are vital, especially during lactation. The secretary epithelial cells together with the supporting myoepithelial and stromal cells function cordially to secrete milk. Increase in the number of luminal epithelial cells and a decrease in adipocytes are visible during lactation, whereas the reverse happens in the involution. However, an early involution occurs if the epithelial cells transdifferentiate towards adipocytes during the lactation period. We aimed to inhibit the adipocyte transdifferentiation of luminal cells by restraining the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway. Methods: Linolenic acid (LA) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) induced adipogenesis in mammary epithelial cells were conducted in monolayer, mixed culture as well as in transwell plate co-culture with mammary myoepithelial cells. Results: Co-culture with myoepithelial cells showed higher adipogenic gene expression in epithelial cells under LA+TZDs treatment. Increase in the expressions of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and vimentin in both mRNA as well as protein levels were observed. Whereas, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether treatment blocked LA+TZDs induced adipogenesis, as it could not show a significant rise in adipose related markers. Although comparative results were found in both mixed culture and monolayer conditions, co-culture technic was found to work better than the others. Conclusion: Antagonizing PPARγ pathway in the presence of myoepithelial cells can significantly reduce the adipogenisis in epithelial cells, suggesting therapeutic inhibition of PPARγ can be considered to counter early involution or excessive adipogenesis in mammary epithelium in animals.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2008

Adipogenesis is a complex sequence of events that culminates in the differentiation of fibroblast-like preadipocytes into specialized lipid-filled adipocytes and also involves a cascade of expression of many transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}(PPAR{\gamma})$ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs). $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/EBPs transcriptionally transactivate adipocyte specific genes, including fatty acid transport protein (FAT/CD36) and leptin. To determine whether $17{\beta}$-estradiol modulates $C/EBP{\alpha}$ actions on adipogenesis in high fat diet-fed female ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice, mice were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol for 7 days and the effects of $17{\beta}$-estradiol on adipose tissue mass and expression of adipocyte specific gene as well as $C/EBP{\alpha}$ were measured. Compared to vehicle-treated OVX control mice, OVX mice treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol for 7 days had lower adipose tissue weights that were similar to weights in high fat diet-fed sham-operated (Sham) mice. OVX mice showed the increased expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ mRNA compared with Sham mice. However, $17{\beta}$-estradiol treatment in OVX mice inhibited OVX induced-$C/EBP{\alpha}$ activation, indicating that $17{\beta}$-estradiol may act as an inhibitor of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ action. Moreover, $17{\beta}$-estradiol decreased mRNA levels of adipocyte marker genes, such as lipoprotein lipase, FAT/CD36 and leptin, to levels in Sham mice. These results suggest that down-regulation of adipogenesis by $17{\beta}$-estradiol may be due to reduced adipose $C/EBP{\alpha}$ activities in female OVX C57BL/6 mice.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2017

It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) on obesity in a mouse model of testosterone deficiency (castrated C57BL/6J mice). The effects of ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. After feeding mice a HFD for 8 weeks, we found that mice also receiving GE and/or testosterone showed decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with untreated HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenic genes ($PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and aP2) was decreased by GE and/or testosterone in adipose tissues. Consistent with the in vivo data, lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were decreased by GE, ginsenosides, and testosterone. The inhibitory effects of GE (or ginsenosides) were comparable to those of testosterone, and the effects of co-treatment with GE (or ginsenosides) and testosterone were greater than those of testosterone alone in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that ginseng may be able to potentiate the inhibitory effects of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed castrated mice, providing possible therapeutic implications in men with testosterone deficiency.