• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.1327-1339
• /
• 2022

Objective: Fat deposition in poultry is an important factor in production performance and meat quality research. miRNAs also play important roles in regulating adipocyte differentiation process. This study was to investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs in duck adipocytes after differentiation and explore the role of miR-214 in regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferases 2 (CPT2) gene expression during duck adipocyte differentiation. Methods: Successful systems for the isolation, culture, and induction of duck primary fat cells was developed in the experiment. Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, the miRNAs libraries of duck adipocytes were established. miRanda was used to predict differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and their target genes. The expression patterns of miR-214 and CPT2 during the differentiation were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of CPT2 targeted by miR-214. We used a miR-214 over-expression strategy in vitro to further investigate its effect on differentiation process and CPT2 gene transcription. Results: There were 481 miRNAs identified in duck adipocytes, included 57 DE miRNA candidates. And the 1,046 targets genes of DE miRNAs were mainly involved in p53 signaling, FoxO signaling, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. miR-214 and CPT2 showed contrasting expression patterns before and after differentiation, and they were selected for further research. The expression of miR-214 was decreased during the first 3 days of duck adipocytes differentiation, and then increased, while the expression of CPT2 increased both in the transcriptional and protein level. The luciferase assay suggested that miR-214 targets the 3'untranslated region of CPT2. Overexpression of miR-214 not only promoted the formation of lipid droplets but also decreased the protein abundance of CPT2. Conclusion: Current study reports the expression profile of miRNAs in duck adipocytes differentiated for 4 days. And miR-214 has been proved to have the regulator potential for fat deposition in duck.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1292-1298
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of Ligularia stenocephala (L. stenocephala) extract. The contents of the total polyphenol of the extract was 55.950 mg GAE/g residue. Antioxidant activities of L. stenocephala were evaluated by free radical scavenging ability and a reducing power test. 2,2'azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ${\alpha}$-${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of the extract were approximately 90% and 70%, respectively. Reducing power of the extract was 258.833 mg TE/g residue. The anti-adipogenic activity of L. stenocephala extract was examined in 3T3-L1 cells. During adipocyte differentiation, the 3T3-L1 cells were treated both with and without the extract. L. stenocephala extract suppressed the lipid accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner in the 3T3-L1 cells. The L. stenocephala extract inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) proteins, compared with control adipocytes. These results indicate that L. stenocephala could be regarded as a potential source natural antioxidant and an anti-obesity agent.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2009

In this study, the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) on fat metabolism were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of GL on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation were also examined. Our results showed that GL decreased the TG content by ORO staining. To elucidate the mechanism of the effects of GL on lowering TG content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined whether GL modulate the expressions of transcription factors and adipokines related to control of energy expenditure process because adipokines regulate adipocyte mass and increased expenditure may consume much TG in adipocytes. As a result, the expression of C/$EBP{\beta}$, C/$EBP{\delta}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$, and $PPAR{\gamma}$, genes, which induce the adipose differentiation and adipose-specific FAS, aP2, and adipsin genes, which compose fat formation were decreased. In addition, GL increased the expression of leptin, UCP2, adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, resulting in energy homeostasis. In conclusion, GL could regulate transcript factor related to induction of adipose differentiation and control TG content by up-regulation of adipokines related to fat burn.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 2023

Probiotic supplements have promising therapeutic effects on chronic diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-obesity effects of two potential probiotics, Bifidobacterium bifidum DS0908 (DS0908) and Bifidobacterium longum DS0950 (DS0950). Treatment with DS0908 and DS0950 postbiotics significantly induced the expression of the brown adipocyte-specific markers UCP1, PPARγ, PGC1α, PRDM16 and beige adipocyte-specific markers CD137, FGF21, P2RX5, and COX2 in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, both potential probiotics and postbiotics noticeably reduced body weight and epididymal fat accumulation without affecting food intake. DS0908 and DS0950 also improved insulin sensitivity and glucose use in mice with HFD-induced obesity. In addition, DS0908 and DS0950 improved the plasma lipid profile, proved by reduced triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, DS0908 and DS0950 improved mitochondrial respiratory function, confirmed by the high expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, during thermogenesis induction in the visceral and epididymal fat in mice with HFD-induced obesity. Notably, the physiological and metabolic changes were more significant after treatment with potential probiotic culture-supernatants than those with the bacterial pellet. Finally, gene knockdown and co-treatment with inhibitor-mediated mechanistic analyses showed that both DS0908 and DS0950 exerted anti-obesity-related effects via the PKA/p38 MAPK signaling activation in C3H10T1/2 MSCs. Our observations suggest that DS0908 and DS0950 could potentially alleviate obesity as dietary supplements.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2009

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a key role in the regulation of appetite, body weight and metabolism. We undertook the present study to further clarify the regulation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1, CNR1) in human adipose tissue in obesity. CB1 receptor mRNA expression was ~1.6-fold (p<0.004) and 1.9-fold higher (P<0.05) in subcutaneous adipocytes from obese compared to non-obese subjects in microarray and quantitative real-time PCR studies, respectively. Higher CB1 receptor mRNA expression levels in both adipose tissue (~1.2 fold, P<0.05) and adipocytes (~2 fold, P<0.01) were observed in samples from visceral compared to subcutaneous depots collected from 22 obese individuals. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy demonstrated the presence of CB1 receptor on adipocytes and also adipose tissue macrophages. These data indicate that adipocyte CB1 receptor is up-regulated in human obesity and visceral adipose tissue and also suggest a potential role for the ECS in modulating immune/inflammation as well as fat metabolism in adipose tissue.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.1688-1696
• /
• 2012

돌미나리(Oenanthe javanica)는 뛰어난 해독작용과 항균작용으로 예로부터 약재로 사용되어 왔으나 돌미나리씨의 활성은 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 사용하여 돌미나리씨 메탄올 추출물(OJSE)의 지방세포분화에 미치는 영향과 그 기전에 대해 조사하였다. 세포독성이 없는 농도($1{\sim}200{\mu}g/ml$)의 OJSE를 지방세포 분화유도제와 동시에 지방전구세포에 처리하여 분화시킨 후 Oil Red O 염색을 한 결과 세포내 lipid droplet 생성 및 triglyceride 축적이 OJSE 농도의존적으로 감소되었으며, 지방세포분화과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 지방세포특이적 마커인 CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$) 및 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$)의 발현이 현저하게 저하되었다. 이는 OJSE에 의해 지방세포 분화 관련 전사인자의 발현이 효과적으로 억제되어 지방세포로의 분화가 저해되고 결과적으로 지방세포내 lipid droplet 생성 및 triglyceride 축적이 억제되었다는 것을 시사한다. 또한 OJSE처리에 의해 mitotic clonal expanstion 단계에서의 세포증식이 저해되었으며, 세포주기의 변화를 분석한 결과, OJSE처리에 의해 지방전구세포의 G1 arrest가 유발됨을 확인하였다. 세포주기 관련 단백질 발현을 분석한 결과, OJSE 농도의존적으로 Cdk inhibitor인 p21의 발현이 현저하게 증가되었으며, 반면 cyclin E, Cdk2, E2F-1 및 phospho-Rb의 발현은 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과들에 의해 OJSE는 지방전구세포의 G1 arrest를 유도하고 지방세포분화 관련 단백질의 발현을 억제하여 지방세포로의 분화를 억제하는 항비만 효능을 갖는 천연 소재임을 확인하였고, 본 연구는 이를 활용한 향후 지속적인 연구를 위한 기초자료로 그 가치가 매우 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.457-469
• /
• 2017

Obesity is one of the most serious health problem because it induced numerous metabolic syndrome and increases the incidence of various disease, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increases in reactive oxygens species (ROS) occur with lipid accumulation. NADPH oxidase, producing superoxide anion, may contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the effect of Chaenomeles sinensis koehne extract (CSE) against the development of obesity and the inhibition mechanisms in 3T3-L1 preadiocytes. CSE decreased triglyceride content and inhibited the expression of adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\gamma}$, CCAT/enhancer binding protein $(C/EBP){\alpha}$ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1). In addition, CSE highly increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. CSE remarkably reduced intracellular ROS increase and NAD(P)H oxidase activity, NOX1, NOX4, Rac1 protein expression, and phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox We also studied the effect of CSE on weight gain induced by high-fat diet. The oral treatment of CSE (500 mg/kg, body weight) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice showed decrease in triglyceride and adipocyte size. Therefore, these results indicate that the effect of CSE on anti-obese effects, adipocyte differentiation and reducing triglyceride contents as well as adipocyte size in obese mice, may be associated with inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase-induced ROS production and adipose transcription factors. These results showed the potential to inhibit the obesity by CSE treatment through controlling the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in vitro and in vivo obese model.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 흰쥐 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 대한 항혈청의 면역주사가 흰쥐 체지방 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시되었다. 20마리의 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐를 대조구와 항체처리구(10두/구)로 완전 임의배치하였고, 대조구에는 생리식염수를, 항체처리구에는 면양으로부터 생산해 낸 흰쥐 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 대한 다클론항체를 면역주사하였다. 항체의 수동면역(복강주사)은 실험동물의 피하지방(21.9%)과 신지방 + 장간막지방 + 정소외막지방조직(36.0%)을 유의적으로(각각 P=0.0054, P=0.0019) 감소시켰다. 항체처리구의 체중은 항체처리기간동안 감소하였지만, 처리 후 1주를 경과하면서 다시 정상체중으로 회복되었다. 혈중 glucose 농도와 근육내 조지방 및 조단백질의 수준은 항체의 처리로 인한 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 면양에서 생산한 지방세포 원형질막 단백질에 대한 다클론 항체들이 육생산동물의 체지방 함량을 조절할 수 있다는 가능성을 시사해 주고 있다. 앞으로 본 연구결과의 실용화를 위하여 실용적인 측면에서의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.575-582
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUNG/OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of high maysin corn silk extract on body weight and fat deposition in experimental animals. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 30 male C57BL/6J mice, 4-weeks-old, were purchased and divided into three groups by weight using a randomized block design. The normal-fat (NF) group received 7% fat (diet weight basis), the high-fat (HF) group received 25% fat and 0.5% cholesterol, and the high-fat corn silk (HFCS) group received high-fat diet and high maysin corn silk extract at 100 mg/kg body weight through daily oral administration. Body weight and body fat were measured, and mRNA expression levels of proteins involved in adipocyte differentiation, fat accumulation, fat synthesis, lipolysis, and fat oxidation in adipose tissue and the liver were measured. RESULTS: After experimental diet intake for 8 weeks, body weight was significantly lower in the HFCS group compared to the HF group (P < 0.05), and kidney fat and epididymal fat pad weights were significantly lower in the HFCS group compared to the HF group (P < 0.05). In the HFCS group, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\beta}$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}1$ (PPAR-${\gamma}1$), and PPAR-${\gamma}2$ mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the epididymal fat pad, whereas cluster of differentiation 36, lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme-4, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in liver and adipose tissues (P < 0.05). In the HFCS group, mRNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 were elevated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that high maysin corn silk extract inhibits expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, fat accumulation, and fat synthesis as well as promotes expression of genes involved in lipolysis and fat oxidation, further inhibiting body fat accumulation and body weight elevation in experimental animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2000

In order to understand the effects of sex or age on cellular characteristics of adipocytes from Hanwoo and sheep, samples were obtained from omental, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue depots of bulls, steers, heifers and cows in Hanwoo, and perirenal, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of fetal lambs, suckling lambs and wethers in sheep. In case of Hanwoo, mean diameter, surface area and volume of adipocytes from each depot were obtained by multisizer II (Coulter Co., UK). Osmium-fixed adipocytes were sized and counted using $560{\mu}m$ aperture. For samples obtained from sheep, cellularity was measured by using microscope and MCV program of Texas Instrument. Bulls had less subcutaneous and kidney fat than steers even though their slaughter and carcass weight were heavier. The amounts of fat from cows were greater in subcutaneous, kidney and internal organs than heifers. Steers had larger adipocytes in subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues than bulls, although the differences were significant only for the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. Adipocytes appeared to be largest in omental and smallest in intramuscular adipose tissue, although there were no significant differences among tissues. In a comparison of heifers and cows, significant site effects (p<0.05) were shown in adipocyte diameter, surface area and volume, and adipocyte appeared to be largest in omental tissue. Statistical difference (p<0.05) was only shown in cell volume of intramuscular tissue which was higher in cow than heifer. Intramuscular adipose tissue tended to have relatively greater numbers of cells per gram tissue and reflect lesser maturity of intramuscular adipose tissue relative to other adipose tissues. In sheep, regardless of adipose tissue depots, wethers had the greater adipocyte diameters than those at any other growth stage of sheep. Within adipose depots, the ranking of cell size was the greatest in the omental tissue of wether and the lowest in the renal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots of fetal lamb. The cell size of adipocyte became larger with age, especially from fetal to suckling lamb due to a rapid hypertrophy of both perirenal and subcutaneous adipocytes during the suckling period.