• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1989

This study was carried out in order to investigate the treatment effect of PEG soln which is a common dimensional stabilizer to green log. sawing panel etc, on bonding product including plywood widely-used in secondary processing unit. The 30% concentration of aqueous PEG soln. with molecular weight of 400, 1.000 and 4,000 were prepared respectively, and also dipping the veneer in the PEG soln. spreading the PEG soln. on veneer and mixing the PEG soln. in the adhesive were allowed. Then the ratio of PEG impregnation on veneer, the adhesive strength of plywood were epitomized as follows: The ratio of impregnation by PEG 4,000 at dipping condition was highest. while that by PEG 400 at same condition was lowest. However, the effect of PEG molecular weight on the ratio of impregnation at spreading condition did not occur. 2. The adhesive strength was great in the order of 4,000>400>1,000 in molecular weight of PEG at dipping and spreading conditions. In case of mixing the PEG soln. in the adhesive, the adhesive strength was great in the order of 400>1,000>4,000 in molecular weight of PEG. Throughout three treatment conditions, PEG 400 was relatively favourable with about 10kg/$cm^2$ dry strength. 3. The adhesive strength was great 10 the order of spreading >dipping >mixing condition. 4. Although adhesive strength with the 30% concentration of aqueous PEG soln. was decreased by 35% and over, compared to control (non-treatment) adhesive strength, all types of PEG treatment except mixing the PEG soln. in the adhesive exceeded the standard dry strength for common use panel. 7.5kg/$cm^2$. 5. In warm water-proof test, the adhesive strengths by all PEG treatment conditions were less than the standard wet strength, 7.5kg cot, and also delamination of glue line occured mostly in mixing in the PEG soln. in the adhesive condition.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

금사는 금속물로 제작된 실을 의미하며, 다양한 재료와 재질이 혼합하여 사용되고, 제작 방식에 따라 다양한 형태가 구분된다. 같은 형태일지라도 지역에 따라 사용재료가 다르게 나타나기 때문에 금박, 접착제, 배지 등에 대한 기초 자료 조사는 제작기법 및 유물의 제작국가에 대한 정보를 확인할 수 있기에 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 직금 유물에 사용된 전통 편금사의 접착특성 및 제작기법 분석을 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 지역 및 시대가 다른 직금 유물을 선정하여 시료를 일부 채취하였다. 전통 금사에 사용했을 것으로 추정되는 접착제를 선정하여, 종류별로 표준시료를 제작하였다. 접착제는 아교, 주토 혼합 아교, 옻, 주칠을 선정하였으며, 식물성 배지인 한지 위에 접착제를 바른 후 순금박을 올렸다. 직금유물에서 채취한 금사와 제작한 표준시료를 일부 채취하여 형태 및 무기원소 성분 분석을 하였다. 연구 결과, 편금사는 금박층, 접착층, 배지층으로 구분이 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 표준시료와 비교 관찰한 결과, 아교 및 주칠혼합시료와 형태적으로 유사하였다. 붉은색 접착층에 대한 정성분석 결과 알루미늄(Al), 규소(Si), 철(Fe) 성분이 현미경에서 관찰된 붉은색과 일치함에 따라 전통 편금사는 아교에 주토를 혼합하여 접착제로 사용한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 사실은 국내 문헌 및 국외사례를 통해서도 확인할 수 있으며, 아교에 주토를 혼합함으로써 발색 및 평활도에서 효과를 얻고자 함으로 사료된다. 또한 이러한 방법은 옻을 접착제로 사용하는 일본과는 달리 중국, 한국에서 공통적으로 관찰되는 제작방법이라는 사실도 확인할 수 있었다.본 연구를 통해 향후 전통 금사의 재현 및 생산기술에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The physicochemical characteristics, adhesion power, and conservation of imported tapes repairing documents that consisted of adhesive, carrier, and masking were investigated. Materials related to pressure sensitive adhesive produced in domestic companies were examined also. And then, the performance evaluation of prototype manufactured in our laboratory was undertaken. Both the pressure sensitive tapes were compared. The polyacrylate of adhesive agents such as polyacrylate, starch, Glue, and PVA of imported tapes was best. The adhesion strength, power, reversibility, and stability (deterioration) of imported tapes were analyzed. By comparing results of imported tapes, two adhesive agents were selected finally. The carriers of imported tapes are made of one of papers, cotton sheets, and felts. Major carrier material was a paper. The jutes, conifers, and hardwoods were main ingredient of papers. The durability of Hangi($18{\pm}2g/m^2$) was one and half times superior to imported one.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2015

국내산 낙엽송 집성재와 봉형 GFRP의 접착성능을 평가하기 위해 집성재에 선공을 한 후 봉형 GFRP를 삽입하고 접착제로 목재와의 간극을 충진시켜 인발시험편을 제작하였다. 인발시험편은 접착 깊이, 접착층 두께, 접착제 종류를 다르게 적용하여 실험하였다. 봉형 GFRP를 삽입접착한 캔틸레버형 라멘구조 시험체는 인발시험 결과를 토대로 제작, 강판삽입형 시험체와 모멘트 저항 성능을 비교검토 하였다. 인발시험결과 봉형 GFRP의 삽입깊이가 봉형 GFRP 직경의 5배일 때 가장 우수한 접착력이 측정되었으며, 접착층 두께는 1 mm일 경우 2 mm일 때보다 17%~29% 향상된 접착력이 측정되었다. 또한 폴리우레탄(poly-urethane) 접착제를 사용한 시험편이 레조시놀(resorcinol) 접착제를 사용한 시험편보다 2.9~4.0배 높은 성능을 발휘하였다. 봉형 GRFP로 접합한 캔틸레버형 라멘구조 시험체는 드리프트 핀을 사용한 강판삽입형 시험체와 비교하여 평균 0.82배 낮은 모멘트 저항 성능이 측정되었지만 초기강성은 0.93배로 대등한 성능을 보였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2014

직금직물은 금사를 이용한 섬유공예 기술로 삼국시대부터 고려시대와 조선시대까지 이어져 온 공예기법이다. 이와 같은 금사 공예 기법은 우리나라의 문헌기록에서 다양하게 기록되고 있으나 영조 9년 문직기의 철폐와 더불어 현재 금사 제작 기술은 단절된 상태이다. 현재까지 이뤄진 전통 금사에 대한 연구는 주로 보존처리를 위한 세척 및 강화 등이 주로 이루어졌으며 전통 금사의 복원과 재현을 위해서는 재료와 제작기법의 규명이 필수적으로 요구된다. 금사는 금박과 접착제, 배지로 이루어지며 특히 접착제의 경우 외부에 노출되지 않기 때문에 이에 대한 연구가 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 금사의 각 층을 이루는 재료의 특성을 비교하기 위하여, 문헌과 국외 금사 제작 공방 조사를 토대로 순금 및 가금, 아교 및 옻칠, 다양한 조건의 한지를 선정하여 의사 시료를 제작하였다. 각 재료별 형태적 특성과 안정성을 평가한 결과, 금박은 순금, 접착제는 아교, 배지는 도침지가 가장 적절한 것으로 확인되었다. 전통 금사의 복원과 현대화를 위해서 본 연구를 토대로 하여 향후 제작 기법 및 제직 기법 등에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1986

This study was carried out to examine the effect of aluminium sulfate addition to the alkali-acid catalyst phenolic resin for the manufacture of the kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) plywood on the reduction of phenolic resin spreading. On the manufacture of plywood, Adhesive Contents such as 50g/$m^2$, 75g/$m^2$ and 150g/$m^2$ were treated. The spreading adhesive content of 50g/$m^2$ and 75g/$m^2$ had been controlled to about 150g/$m^2$ added with the water in order to get sufficient spreading and controlled to pH 4.5 with aluminium sulfate [$Al_2(SO_4)_3$]. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Specific gravities of air dried plywood manufactured from each adhesive ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 and their moisture contents met the KS requirements. 2. In dry and wet shear strengths, 150 $P_{Al{\cdot}Ac}$ adhesive showed the highest and 75 $P_{Al{\cdot}Ac{\cdot}Am}$ adhesive indicated higher value than 150 $P_{Al{\cdot}Ac}$ adhesive. 3. In case of glue shear strength after boiling test, 150 $P_{Al{\cdot}Ac}$ adhesive was the best and adding of aluminium sulfate was not effective on reinforcement of boiling water resistance of phenolic resin, but met KS requirements. 4. 75 $P_{Al{\cdot}Ac{\cdot}Am}$ adhesive showed the good shear strength and met KS requirements. Therefore, adding of aluminium sulfate was very efficient for economical plywood manufacture.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of staple line coverage using a polyglycolic acid patch and fibrin glue without pleural abrasion to prevent recurrent postoperative pneumothorax. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of 116 operations performed between January 2011 and April 2013. During this period, staple lines were covered with a polyglycolic acid patch and fibrin glue in 58 cases (group A), while 58 cases underwent thoracoscopic bullectomy only (group B). Results: The median follow-up period was 33 months (range, 22 to 55 months). The duration of chest tube drainage was shorter in group A (group A $2.7{\pm}1.2day$ vs. group B $3.9{\pm}2.3day$, p=0.001). Prolonged postoperative air leakage occurred more frequently in group B than in group A (43% vs. 19%, p=0.005). The postoperative recurrence rate of pneumothorax was significantly lower in group A (8.6%) than in group B (24.1%) (p=0.043). The total cost of treatment during the follow-up period, including the cost for the treatment of postoperative recurrent pneumothorax, was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.43). Conclusion: Without pleural abrasion, staple line coverage with a medium-sized polyglycolic acid patch and fibrin glue after thoracoscopic bullectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a useful technique that can reduce the duration of postoperative pleural drainage and the postoperative recurrence rate of pneumothorax.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1983

고온경화형(高温硬化型) 수용성(水溶性) 요소(尿素) 페놀공축합수지(共縮合樹脂)의 제조(製造)몰비(比)를 각각 달리 제조(製造)하고 페놀수지(樹脂)의 경우 촉매(觸媒)를 달리 제조(製造)하여 이들 접착제(接着劑)의 성질(性質)과 그 접착강도(接着強度)를 Kapur 합판제조(合板製造)를 통(通)하여 구명(究明)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)를 얻었다. 1) 각(各) 접착제(接着劑)로써 열압(熱壓)하여 제조(製造)된 합판(合板)의 비중(比重)은 단판(單板)의 비중(比重)에 따른 영향(影響)을 받아 0.67부터 0.82까지를 보였으며 합판(合板)의 기건함수율(氣乾含水率)은 모두 KS규격(規格)을 만족시켰다. 2) 상태접착력(常態接着力) 및 준내수접착력(準耐水接着力)의 경우, 페놀수지(樹脂)를 제외하고 60%고형분수지(固形分樹脂)가 50%고형분수지(固形分樹脂)보다 높은 값을 보였고 요소(尿素)와 페놀의 공축합비(共縮合比)에 따른 결과(結果)는 20%페놀함량(含量)의 요소(尿素) 폐놀공축합수비(共縮合樹脂)가 제일 높았고 70% 페놀함량(含量)의 수지(樹脂)가 제일 낮았다. 목분증량(木粉增量)은 50%페놀함량(含量) 이상(以上)의 공축합수비(共縮合樹脂)에서 접착력(接着力) 상승에 유효(有效)하였고 특히 50%고형분(固形分)의 경우, 알카리촉매 페놀수지(樹脂)를 포함하여 현저하였다. 페놀수지제법(樹脂製法) 중 양자겸용법이 최고(最高)의 접착력(接着力)을 과시하였고 알카리촉매법이 제일 낮았다. 준내수접착력(準耐水接着力)의 경우 요소수지(요소수지)는 제일 하위집단(下位集團)에 속하였다. 3) 내수접착력(耐水接着力)의 경우, 페놀수지제법(樹脂製法) 중 알카리 산(酸) 양자겸용법(兩者謙用法)을 택하는 것이 가장 좋고 알카리촉매법(觸媒法)은 반드시 목분증량(木粉增量)을 하는 것이 필요(必要)하다. 10%페놀함량(含量) 요소(尿素) 폐놀 공축합수비(共縮合樹脂)도 유효(有效)한 내수접착력(耐水接着力)을 과시하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

This study was to find the best adhesive condition comparing mechanical property in case of hot-melt adhesion using glue-gun, ultrasonic welding with adhesion and only ultrasonic welding in order to adhere thermoplastic resin of polyethylene (PE) in which reliable adhesion was resulted in case of ultrasonic welding with same materials of PE. The best welding condition were acquired at welding time 1 second, welding pressure 250kPa for PE-PE where welding time and welding pressure were increased in accordance with the increase of material strength. At the best ultrasonic welding conditions, bonding strength of PE-PE welding was about 21MPa of which material have tensile strength of 24MPa. Through the analysis of microscophic test for ultrasonic welding structure, it was distinguished between well welded structure with higher intermolecule flow and bad welded structure with lower flow, of which result is mostly correspond with the result of tensile strength test.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2011

Adhesives derived from renewable resources allow wood panel producers to make lower cost alternatives to formaldehyde-based adhesive resins. Among them, adhesive components extracted from industrial by-products or wastes are the most important research fields in the efficient utilization of waste and cost reduction. In our study, the rapeseed flour, which is a by product from the production of biodiesel extracted from rapeseed, was introduced to develop alternative adhesives for the production of wood flooring. The rapeseed flour was hydrolyzed with 1% sodium hydroxide solution and PF prepolymers were prepared with 3-molar ratios, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4. The linear fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the glue bond quality in wood flooring composed of fancy-veneered and plywood, and the formaldehyde emission and adhesive penetration were also investigated. The formaldehyde emissions of wood flooring met the requirement of the standard of $SE_0$ specified in the KS standard. The rapeseed flour adhesive penetrated sufficiently into the vessel elements and lumens in fancy veneer and plywood and gave strong bond quality to the wood flooring. The fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the adhesive joint between fancy veneer and plywood. The critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) of boliva overlayed wood flooring was increased with increasing molar ratio and this was the same tendency in oak overlayed wood flooring. From the results, the formulated adhesives were efficiently used to bond fancy veneer onto the plywood to make wood flooring and showed a potential to be used as a component of environmentally friendly adhesive resin systems for production of flooring.