• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2015

In recent years, the accidents in construction projects are continuously increasing due to their complexity and variety. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the risk prediction model and the database of risk assessment in construction projects. To address of these issues, the objective of this study is to analyze the accident causes by using insured claim payouts of insurance companies. First, the descriptive analysis of accidents causes is conducted according to scheduling rate, season, and total construction costs. Second, the correlation analysis is conducted between accidents causes and total construction costs. In the future, the risk assessment model can be developed to quantify the accident causes in construction projects to estimate claim payouts of insurance companies.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

NMEA2000 protocol known as IEC61162-3 of Multi-talker, Multi-listener, PnP communication is adopted as standard network for SOLAS ship by ISO in 2008 for e-navigation ages. NMEA2000 network uses well known CAN in physical layer. In this paper, address claim function is implemented for protocol converter device which can be used easily in combination with CPU of non network device. We are going to implement full function of NMEA2000 protocol and provide guideline to develop ship equipment to be networked easily.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.257-258
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• 2015

The amount of damages caused by natural hazards is consistently growing due to the unusual weather and extreme events. At the same time, property damage by natural hazards is rapidly increasing as well. Hence, we need systematic anti-disaster activities and consulting that can react to such a situation. To address these needs, we investigated and analyzed insured claim payouts from natural hazards by administrative area, and calculate the risk index utilizing GIS. According to the index, this map is identifying the areas of greatest natural hazard risk. The ranking of natural disaster vulnerability based on the risk index, and risk grades were divided into five based on the ranking. This map integrates the natural hazard losses to assist in comprehensive and effective loss prevention activities using analysis of regional loss claims from natural hazards. Moreover, this map can be as utilized as loss mitigation and prevention activities to verify the distribution of exposure and hazards.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.192-194
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• 2015

The growing size and complex process in construction project recently leads to increase risk and the losses as well. Even though researchers have identified the major risk indicators, there is lack of comprehensive and quantitative research for identifying the relationship between the risk indicators and economic losses associated with construction projects. To address this shortage of research, this study defines risk indicators and create a framework to assess the influence of economic losses from the indicators. An insurance company's claim payout record was accepted as the dependent variable to reflect the real economic losses. Based on the claims, we categorized the causes and results of accidents. To establish framework, built environment vulnerability indicators and geographical vulnerability indicators were employed as the risk indicators. A Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to validate the relationship with loss ratio and risk indicators. Consequently, this framework and its results may offer significant references for under writers of insurance companies and loss prevention activities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Objectives: Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders. Methods: We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included. Results: Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-66
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• 2020

Under the doctrine of separability, if the party did not specifically challenge the validity of the arbitration clause, then it is presumed valid, and arbitrators would still have authority to adjudicate disputes within the scope of the arbitration clause. Further, the Primerica and Spahr decisions address whether a court or an arbitrator should adjudicate a claim that a contract containing an arbitration clause is void ab initio due to mental incapacity. If the arbitration agreement is separable, as was found in Primerica, then the "making" of the agreement is not at issue when the challenge is directed at the entire contract and arbitrators may exercise authority. If an arbitration provision is not separable from the underlying contract, as in Spahr, a defense of mental incapacity necessarily goes against both the entire contract and the arbitration agreement, so the "making" of the agreement to arbitrate is at issue, and the claim is for courts to decide. Although no bright line rule can be established to deal with challenges of lack of mental capacity to an arbitration agreement, the rule in Prima Paint should not be extended to this defense. Extending the rule in Prima Paint would force an individual with a mental incapacity to elect between challenging the entire contract and challenging arbitration. Accordingly, there should be a special set of rules outside of the context of Prima Paint to address the situation of status-based defenses, specifically mental capacity defenses, to contracts containing arbitration provisions.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-122
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• 2014

For a variety of reasons, the number of medical disputes is continuously rising. Due to the intrinsic qualities of medical treatments, one would find it more apt to subject medical disputes to general conflict resolution procedures rather than to once-for-all decisions under legal suits. To address the increasing medical disputes with greater professionalism and efficiency, the Medical Disputes Mediation Act was enacted and a medical dispute mediation system put in place, while drawbacks have been blamed to both. The current mediation procedures require the respondent's agreement as a disclosure requirement. A reasonable improvement to this would be to amend the regulation of agreement supposition, or to enforce procedural participation only to public health facilities managed by the national or regional government. Furthermore, small claims cases of 20 million KRW or less in claim may be considered for conciliation-prepositive principle. The concentration on small claim medical disputes is a phenomenon that can be addressed by carrying out maximum authentication commissions or similar measures, one of the solutions by enhancing the public trust in the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency. The proper management of medical authentication teams is one way to address the existing problems in the authentication system. For this, the number of team members shall be increased under more flexible authentication procedures. All indemnity resources for medical accidents of force majeure must be borne by the Government, for it is the body principally responsible for social compensation. Placing this cost on the establisher of the subject medical facility holds the possibility of violating fundamental rights. While the costs for subrogation payment system for damages may be borne by the healthcare facility establisher, a deposit-based system must be created for cases in which the facility shuts down, without holding the responsibility for accident cause. Such change to a deposit-based system will evade the controversies of unconstitutionality, etc.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.135-156
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• 2016

This study, with reference to data on economic conditions in Shandong Province, China, looked into trade and investment activities in Korea and major cities of Shandong - Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Jinan - and investigated claim cases between the two countries by type. In addition, we investigated the matter empirically by conducting a survey administered to 300 Korean companies investing in Shandong Province and, based on the data, tested hypotheses for inferential analysis. The findings are as follows: i) while hypotheses in which the size of a firm, represented by import and export volume, has a positive relation with the frequency of trade claim filings (H1) and with the financial value of the trade claims (H2) were quoted, company size proved to have a significantly negative relation with the time required to obtain a claim decision, which rejects the third hypothesis (H3) in which the relation was thought to be positive: ii) while products, as represented by the type of business, showed a clearly significant difference with the frequency of trade claim filings (H4) and with methods of preventing and responding to claims (H6), they did not show a significant link to the type of trade claim (H5). This study is a theoretical and empirical overview of Korean companies based in Shandong Province of China, and can be used to address the practical needs of the Korean companies looking to start business in Shandong Province.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.65
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• pp.51-70
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• 2015

The Rotterdam Rules are not phrased in favour of FOB seller's legal status. Whether it will be wise under the Rotterdam Rules to trade on the basis of cash against M/R largely depends on the interpretation of various provisions of the Rotterdam Rules. To protect his interests the M/R holder and his assigns must have a right of delivery of the cargo at the port of destination. The M/R holder and his assigns must be entitled to the bill of lading or at least be able to prevent the carrier from issuing the bill of lading to the shipper. Besides, any additional right of instruction on the part of the shipper must be blocked. Article 35 of the Rules entitles only the shipper to the bill of lading while 47 entitles only the holder of the bill of lading to delivery. When no bill of lading has been issued Article 45 grants to the shipper a right of instruction whereby the shipper is allowed to advise the carrier as to the name and the address of the consignee. I have suggested that by lack of a specific provision to the contrary the Rotterdam Rules have to be considered to be embedded in the system of law as a whole. From the Common Law it follows that a M/R holder, as owner of the cargo, can ask for delivery of the cargo. As owner of the cargo a M/R holder can also claim the bill of lading, if he does so in time, because it must be implied in the contract of carriage that the carrier must deliver the bill of lading to the owner of the goods. It is for the same reason that a M/R holder can prevent the carrier from issuing the bill of lading to any third party but the M/R holder and from taking instructions from the shipper as to name and address of a consignee other than the M/R holder.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

Objectives : We examined the effect of sociodemographic factors, cancer, and psychiatric disorders on suicide by gender and age-specific patterns in South Korea. Methods : The study is a case-control study. Claim data was obtained from the national health insurance database and national death registration database. The number of people who committed suicide was 11,523, which was matched with a control group consisting of ten times as many people at 115,230 selected from the national health insurance and medical aids beneficiaries. The medical utilization of the case group was one year before death and that of the control group was from July 1,2003 to June 30, 2004. Four variables-address, economic status, presence of a psychiatric disease, and cancer-were used in multiple logistic regression analyses. Results : Living in cities or in rural areas showed a greater risk for suicide than living in a metropolitan city. Low economic status, the presence of a psychiatric disorder, and cancer were also statistically meaningful risk factors for suicide. The three major psychiatric diseases, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder, were meaningful in all age groups, but the scale of the odds ratio differed by the age group. Only the psychiatric disorder variable was meaningful in the adolescent group, whereas a psychiatric disorder and economic status were meaningful for the young adult group, and all variables were meaningful for the middle-aged group. A psychiatric disorder and cancer were meaningful in the elderly group, economic status was meaningful for male subjects, and address was meaningful for female subjects. Conclusions : Factors such as living in city or rural areas, low economic status, the presence of a psychiatric disorder, and cancer were statistically meaningful risk factors in suicide. These factors also differed by age group. Therefore, policymakers should establish policies for suicide prevention that are relevant for each age group.