• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1369-1389
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• 2024

In the era of 6G, the rapid increase in communication data volume poses higher demands on traditional channel estimation techniques and those based on deep learning, especially when processing large-scale data as their computational load and real-time performance often fail to meet practical requirements. To overcome this bottleneck, this paper introduces quantum computing techniques, exploring for the first time the application of Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (QGAN) to broadband channel estimation challenges. Although generative adversarial technology has been applied to channel estimation, obtaining instantaneous channel information remains a significant challenge. To address the issue of instantaneous channel estimation, this paper proposes an innovative QGAN with a dual-module design in the generator. The adversarial loss function and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss function are separately applied for the parameter updates of these two modules, facilitating the learning of statistical channel information and the generation of instantaneous channel details. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed dual-module QGAN technique in channel estimation on the Pennylane quantum computing simulation platform. This research opens a new direction for physical layer techniques in wireless communication and offers expanded possibilities for the future development of wireless communication technologies.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.3236-3246
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• 2000

XML is a meta-language as SGML and also can be xonsructed as an Internet versionof simplified SGML being used in confunction with XLL. Xpointer and XSL. Also W3C established DTDless Well-Formed XML document to use XML document on the Web. But it isnt offered system that consists of browsing, link and DTD generating facihty, and efficiently processes DTDless Well-Formed XML document. This paper studies on an implementation and design of system to process DTDless Well-Formed XML document on the client-side. This system consists of Well-Formed XML viewer displaying Well-Formed XML documet, XLL Processor processing Xll and Auto DTD generator constructing automatically DTDs based on multiple documents of the same class. This study focuses on automatic DTD generation during hyperlink navigation and an implementation of extended links based on XLL and Xpointer. ID and Xpointer location address are used as the address mode in the links. As a result of implement of this system, it conforms to validationof extended link facihties, extracts DTD from Well-Fromed XML Documents including same root element at the same class and constructs generalized DTD.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2008

In this paper, x-ray image sensor of photon counting type having a $32{\times}32$ pixel array is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well CMOS process. Each pixel of the designed image sensor has an area of loot $100{\times}100\;{\mu}m2$ and is composed of about 400 transistors. It has an open pad of an area of $50{\times}50{\mu}m2$ of CSA(charge Sensitive Amplifier) with x-ray detector through a bump bonding. To reduce layout size, self-biased folded cascode CMOS OP amp is used instead of folded cascode OP amp with voltage bias circuit at each single-pixel CSA, and 15-bit LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register) counter clock generator is proposed to remove short pulse which occurs from the clock before and after it enters the counting mode. And it is designed that sensor data can be read out of the sensor column by column using a column address decoder to reduce the maximum current of the CMOS x-ray image sensor in the readout mode.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.2366-2373
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• 2007

In this paper, a low-power and small-area asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM for passive UHF RFID tag chips is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM cells. As small area solutions, command and address buffers are removed since we design asynchronous I/O interface and data output buffer is also removed by using separate I/O. To supply stably high voltages VPP and VPPL used in the cell array from low voltage VDD, Dickson charge pump is designed with schottky diodes instead of a PN junction diodes. On that account, we can decrease the number of stages of the charge pump, which can decrease layout area of charge pump. As a low-power solution, we can reduce write current by using the proposed VPPL power switching circuit which selects each needed voltage at either program or write mode. A test chip of asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM is fabricated, and its layout area is $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$., 11% smaller than its synchronous counterpart.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

Cancer show distinct pattern of gene expression when it is compared to normal. This difference results malignant characteristic of cancer. Many cancer drugs are targeting this difference so that it can selectively kill cancer cells. One of the recent demand for personalized treating cancer is retrieving normal tissue from a patient so that the gene expression difference between cancer and normal be assessed. However, in most clinical situation it is hard to retrieve normal tissue from a patient. This is because biopsy of normal tissues may cause damage to the organ function or a risk of infection or side effect what a patient to take. Thus, there is a challenge to estimate normal cell's gene expression where cancers are originated from without taking additional biopsy. In this paper, we propose in-silico based prediction of normal cell's gene expression from gene expression data of a tumor sample. We call this challenge as reverting the cancer into normal. We divided this challenge into two parts. The first part is making a generator that is able to fool a pretrained discriminator. Pretrained discriminator is from the training of public data (9,601 cancers, 7,240 normals) which shows 0.997 of accuracy to discriminate if a given gene expression pattern is cancer or normal. Deceiving this pretrained discriminator means our method is capable of generating very normal-like gene expression data. The second part of the challenge is to address whether generated normal is similar to true reverse form of the input cancer data. We used, cycle-consistent adversarial networks to approach our challenges, since this network is capable of translating one domain to the other while maintaining original domain's feature and at the same time adding the new domain's feature. We evaluated that, if we put cancer data into a cycle-consistent adversarial network, it could retain most of the information from the input (cancer) and at the same time change the data into normal. We also evaluated if this generated gene expression of normal tissue would be the biological reverse form of the gene expression of cancer used as an input.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.45-54
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• 2021

Recently, deep learning-based denoising approaches have been actively studied. In particular, with the advances of blind denoising techniques, it become possible to train a deep learning-based denoising model only with noisy images in an image domain where it is impossible to obtain a clean image. We no longer require pairs of a clean image and a noisy image to obtain a restored clean image from the observation. However, it is difficult to recover the target using a deep learning-based denoising model trained by only noisy images if the distribution of the noisy image is far from the distribution of the clean image. To address this limitation, unpaired image denoising approaches have recently been studied that can learn the denoising model from unpaired data of the noisy image and the clean image. ISCL showed comparable performance close to that of supervised learning-based models based on pairs of clean and noisy images. In this study, we propose suitable normalization techniques for each purpose of architectures (e.g., generator, discriminator, and extractor) of ISCL. We demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art unpaired image denoising approaches including ISCL.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 2024

Hardware attacks involve physical reverse engineering efforts to steal sensitive information, such as encryption keys and circuit designs. Encryption and obfuscation are representative countermeasures, but they are nullified if adversaries manage to find the key. To address this issue, we propose e-Cryptex, which utilizes a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) as an anti-tampering shield. PUF acts as a random number generator and relies on unique physical variants that cannot be replicated or restored to enhance anti-tampering mechanisms. e-Cryptex uses PUF as a shield to protect the system's structure and generate the key. Tampering with the shield will result in the destruction of the key. This paper demonstrates that e-Cryptex meets PUF security requirements and is effective in detecting of tampering attempts that pierce or completely destroy the shield. Each board consistently generates the same key under normal conditions, while also showing key uniqueness across different boards.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.356-367
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• 2018

A series of tests dedicated to station blackout (SBO) accident scenarios have been recently performed at the $Prim{\ddot{a}}rkreislauf-Versuchsanlage$ (primary coolant loop test facility; PKL) facility in the framework of the OECD/NEA PKL-3 project. These investigations address current safety issues related to beyond design basis accident transients with significant core heat up. This work presents a detailed analysis using the best estimate thermal-hydraulic code TRACE (v5.0 Patch4) of different SBO scenarios conducted at the PKL facility; failures of high- and low-pressure safety injection systems together with steam generator (SG) feedwater supply are considered, thus calling for adequate accident management actions and timely implementation of alternative emergency cooling procedures to prevent core meltdown. The presented analysis evaluates the capability of the applied TRACE model of the PKL facility to correctly capture the sequences of events in the different SBO scenarios, namely the SBO tests H2.1, H2.2 run 1 and H2.2 run 2, including symmetric or asymmetric secondary side depressurization, primary side depressurization, accumulator (ACC) injection in the cold legs and secondary side feeding with mobile pump and/or primary side emergency core coolant injection from the fuel pool cooling pump. This study is focused specifically on the prediction of the core exit temperature, which drives the execution of the most relevant accident management actions. This work presents, in particular, the key improvements made to the TRACE model that helped to improve the code predictions, including the modeling of dynamical heat losses, the nodalization of SGs' heat exchanger tubes and the ACCs. Another relevant aspect of this work is to evaluate how well the model simulations of the three different scenarios qualitatively and quantitatively capture the trends and results exhibited by the actual experiments. For instance, how the number of SGs considered for secondary side depressurization affects the heat transfer from primary side; how the discharge capacity of the pressurizer relief valve affects the dynamics of the transient; how ACC initial pressure and nitrogen release affect the grace time between ACC injection and subsequent core heat up; and how well the alternative feeding modes of the secondary and/or primary side with mobile injection pumps affect core quenching and ensure stable long-term core cooling under controlled boiling conditions.