• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2022

This aimed to species identification and tree-ring dating of wooden elements used in the Myeongjeong-gate of the Changgyeong-palace, Seoul, Korea. Of the 79 wooden elements evaluated, 78 were confirmed to be hard pines and one belonged to Abies spp.. Cores of the wooden elements were collected using a drill for tree-ring dating, and ring-width plots of individual samples were constructed using the TSAP software. The tree-ring dating results for the outermost ring of 58 hard pine wooden elements revealed the following felling dates: early spring of 1604-late fall of 1615, late fall of 1706-early spring of 1707, and late fall of 1828-late fall of 1834. The obtained felling dates of the 1600s and 1800s were found to be consistent with those in the construction and repair records of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, Gwanghaegun's Diary and Changgyeonggung Yeonggeondogam Uigwe. However, the obtained felling dates of the 1700s were not consistent with those in the construction and repair records. Therefore, additional confirmation of repairs that were not included in the records was possible using tree-ring dating.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2022

Zirconia is fabricated through various processes. Each element in fabricating process can affect the physical properties of the definitive prosthesis. In particular, both the milling process and the sintering process can affect the final integrity of the zirconia prosthesis. Most of the milling machines adopt the ultra-precision 5-axis machining method, and the results vary depending on which milling method was used and how the milling equipment was managed. Milling blocks are selected according to cutting efficiency and aesthetic reproducibility. The sintering method can affect the grain growth and optical properties, and an accurate evaluation can be made only with additional research on the recent speed sintering procedure. Not only the sintering temperature but also the temperature holding time can affect the quality of definitive prosthesis.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to experimentally evaluate the stiffness and strength reduction according to the reinforcing bar details of the vertically divided reinforced concrete shear walls. To confirm the effect of reducing strength and stiffness according to vertical division, four real-scale specimens were fabricated and repeated lateral loading tests were performed. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the strength and stiffness were decreased according to the vertical division. In particular, as the stiffness reduction rate is greater than the strength reduction rate, it is expected that safety against extreme strength can be secured when the load is redistributed according to vertical division. As a result of checking the crack pattern, a diagonal crack occurred in the wall subjected to compression control among the divided walls. It was confirmed that two neutral axes occurred after division, and the reversed strain distribution appeared in the upper part, showing the double curvature pattern. In future studies, it is necessary to evaluate the stiffness reduction rate considering the effective height of the wall, to evaluate additional variables such as wall aspect ratio, and to conduct analytical studies on various walls using finite element analysis.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2007

Dome shape design methods of Filament Winding (FW) composite pressure vessel, which can suggest various dome contour according to the external loading conditions, were investigated analytically and numerically. The performance indices(PV/W) of the pressure vessels with same cylinder radius and boss opening but different dome shape were evaluated by finite element analysis under the internal pressure loading condition. The analysis results showed that as the dome shape becomes flat, the performance index decreases significantly due to the reduced burst pressure. Especially, for the case of the high value of the parameter ro, the ratio between the radii of the cylinder part and the boss opening, the flat dome is disadvantageous in the aspect of the weight reduction, and additional reinforcing dome design technique should be required to increase the burst pressure. For example, above ro=0.54 condition, the dome shape change according to the loading condition could cause the low burst pressure and increase of composite weight in dome region and is not recommendable except for the special case that maximum inner volume or sufficient space between skirt and dome is the primary design objective. However, at ro=0.35, the dome shape change brings not so significant differences in the performance of FW vessel.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 1982

The results of study on the yield and absorption of N and K applied to the chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) which was grown at comparatively infertile red-yellow soil in the fall of 1980 are summerized as below. 1. The optimum quantities of potash to be applied for the autumn chinese cabbage is suggested in the range of 15kg-20kg/10a, $K_2O$. 2. Combined treatments of N and K showed a positive interaction by promoting the effect of the other element. The increase of Nitrogen absorption from the additionally applied 10kgs of nitrogen on top of 15kg N/10a showed only 16 per cent at potash minus plot, while that of potash applied plot showed 60 per cent. The cabbage yield increase therefor, at high rate of nitrogen only was 1,700kgs per 10 are over low rate of nitrogen, while high nitrogen plus potash treatment produced additional 2,200kgs over the low rates of N and K. 3. Additional 10kgs of nitrogen applied on top of 15kgs N/10a resulted in increasing soil potassium uptake; 4kgs of soil potassium was additionally absorbed at potash applied plot and 6.5kgs at potash minus plot. 4. Utilization of applied potash was greater at low rates of N, and K application (each 15kgs of N and $K_2O$ per 10a) where 77 per cent of applied potash was utilized, while high rates of N and K application (each 25kgs of N and $K_2O$ per 10a) showed 44 per cent of potash utilization rate. Lower utilization of applied potash at high rate of nitrogen application is due probably to greater uptake of soil potassium. 5. N and K contents in the chinese cabbage are 0.17-0.20% and 0.35-0.43% respectively and these were not statistically correlated with the yields.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.371-377
• /
• 2001

Purpose: One or more abnormal vertebrae detected on bone scintigraphy is a common finding in clinical practice, and it could pose a diagnostic dilemma especially in cancer patients. as either metastasis or benign disease may cause scintigraphic abnormality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional spine SPECT has a role in differentiating malignant from benign lesions in patients with back pain. Materials and Methods: We reviewed spine SPECT studios obtained over a three-year period in 108 patients. Among them, forty-five patients with abnormal SPECT and clinically followed records were evaluated (20 cancer patients were included). Uptake patterns were classified as follows: 1. Body: diffusely increased uptake, linear increased uptake of end plate, segmental increased uptake, and cold defect, 2. Posterior element: posterior to body (pedicle), posterior to Intervertebral disc space (facet joint), and spinous process. Lesions were correlated with radiological findings and with final diagnosis. Results: Sixty-nine bone lesions were detected on SFECT images, including 18 metastases, 28 degenerative diseases and 21 compression fractures. Cold defect (6) and segmental increased uptake (5) were dominant findings in metastasis; linear increased uptake (12), and facet joint uptake (15) were in degenerative change; and diffuse increased uptake (9), and linear increased uptake (9) were in compression fracture. Conclusion: Cold defect and segmental increased uptake of body were characteristic findings of metastasis, but care should be taken because compression fracture also shows segmental increased uptake in some cases. Degenerative disease was easily diagnosed because of the typical finding of linear increased uptake of end plate and facet joint. Therefore, additional bone SPECT after planar bone scan would be helpful for differentiating metastasis from benign condition in cancer patients.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.11
• /
• pp.147-163
• /
• 2003

Recently it is necessary that Hotel business introduce Information Technology to enhance competitive advantage and cope with changeable business promptly in management. Thus in an effort of using Information Technology strategically, Many Hotel business tries to install CRM system (Customer Relationship Management). This study tries to analyze the effects on customer performance by installing CRM system if it is in charge of major strategic system, it can get successful customer performance. I hypothesize to resolve the problem, and search preceding study results concerning the elements of CRM Installment and Customer performance. The survey was taken to emplyees in the field of CRM installment in Luxury hotel to test the hypothesis. To summarize the results, first, CRM intallment affects CRM customer performance. in short, systematic feature, management environment, information intention, and technologic element affect it. Through this study, facing the limitation and future study are below. first, additional parameter should be considered though I reviewed the elements affecting CRM customer performance by searching and abstracting preceding studies. Second, There are lack of preceding studies because it has passed only a couple of years since Korean businesses deal with CRM system and there is the limitation to compare this result with others due to few empirical analysisses. Especilly, I can hardly find the preceding study concerning hotel industry but tries to search preceding parameter as to the customer performance of CRM system. Until now, It is needed to continual study its measurement later. I believe that more specific study and precise theoretical test be performed and they deal with current CRM system installment and facing problems in all of the korean hotels.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2014

Purpose Find out about the significance of the GFR values calculated by the kidney depth is measured by comparing the values obtained for kidney depth was measured GFR in the CT image kidney depth and is calculated by Tonnesen law in $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA dynamic kidney scan with each applies. Materials and Methods Among patients with normal value (75~120 mL/min) computed GFR conducted of dynamic renal scan to visit from February 2013 to February 2014 and donor GFR values in patients with normal value. The mean age was 46.9 years with 14 men 13 females. We used abdomen CT image which checked before conducting dynamic Kidney scan for measuring the depth of kidney. We only used CT image that contains renal hilum and measured outermost front of the kidney from the skin surface (a) and the final surface (b) caculated the average depth of [(a + b) / 2] respectively. Using the same ROI in order to limit the change in GFR values by the other additional element was set before and after the depth value was excluded from the GFR falls kidney disease. Results Using Tonnesen law the average value was caculated 5.94 cm from the right kidney 5.90 cm from the left kidney. It was 6.83 cm, 8.71 cm in the left kidney and the right kidney average value of the depth measured on the basis of the CT image. The respective increase in left kidney 0.93 cm and right kidney 2.77 cm calculated on the basis of CT image actually measured values. GFR was calculated as the average depth of the subject calculated by the method Tonnesen $83.3{\pm}9.79mL/min$. $98.6{\pm}14.07mL/min$ GFR was applied to calculate the average depth of the subjects using the CT image, is the difference appears 15.26 mL/min was increased after seting up depth value, P value was less than 0.01 which is significant. Conclusion The difference between GFR before-after setting up depth value cause that the different of depth value. Is a measured depth of the extension value of the calculated estimates Whereas Tonnesen kidney depth method is to use in calculating the value of GFR in a typical dynamic elongation test depth derived using the CT image depth. Is thought to be able to calculate more accurately the GFR value by the distance to the center of kidney more accurately measured in the skin thereby.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.1025-1035
• /
• 2017

The purposes of this study are to analyze the merits and limits of flipped learning by suggesting the ALP model for efficient application and to test the effects of the new ALP model. The process of new model and program development is based on ADDIE in this study. This study consists of two steps. First through literature research on the difficulties of the flipped learning, the elements are extracted to develop new model. Second, these elements were placed according to the teaching and learning flow, which resulted in the procedures. As a result, the ALP model was developed. The ALP model is a new model for applying teaching and learning methods for efficient application of the flipped learning. This model was applied to elementary science classes to test its effects in scientific communication skill. Interviews and cognitive survey were also conducted to collect additional information. The results of this study are as follows: There were various difficulties in flipped learning. Based on literature research results, the ALP model and the science programs for elementary students have been developed. The experimental group showed statistically meaningful improvement in scientific communication skill. The scientific communication skill has two subcategories: the forms and the types. According to the form analysis results, the experimental group showed a statistically meaningful improvement in the form of Table and Picture, but not in the form of Writing and Number. With the same reason given previously, this study confirmed that the application of ALP model improves the students' visual form communication skills such as Table and Picture better than reading form communication skills such as Writing and Number. According to the type analysis results, the experimental group showed a statistically meaningful improvement in "the scientific insistence" type, and "the justification" which is the sub element of "the scientific insistence" type. With this reason, this study suggests that the class applied ALP model gives students more time and opportunities to learn. Though the survey and interviews about the student's awareness of the class with applied the ALP model, this study showed that students actively exchanged their opinions in the class with applied ALP model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.66-80
• /
• 2010

In this thesis, the garden remains in Dohwadong which is located in Seoul Buk-ak Mountain was examined, together with reference discovery and historical research, and onsite academic research conducted, for the purpose of studying the location of the garden remains in Dohwadong, its historical transitions and original landscape. As a result of the study, the location of the garden remains in Dohwadong was found; through the research of relevant historical sources, its historical transitions, its original landscape, and the value it has as a garden remains were examined. The following is the summary of the original form of the garden remains in Dohwadong and the value it has as a garden remains derived from this study. First, the garden remains in Dohwadong had earlier known as a remains related to the housing site of Namgon or Daeunahm. However, it has been verified that is it Dohwadong which is an original word of a royal family formed by King Kojong's order in 1889 since the characters carved on rocks which is recorded in the book of "Chong Sweh Rok" perfectly conform to those within the garden remains in Dohwadong. Second, it was learned that Dohwadong was the greatest renowned place for entertaining next to Pilundae; according to the book of "Hankyung Jiryak", the name, Dohwadong, is known to have come from the fact that there are a large number of peach trees in the area; the records of those books, "Ahjungyugoh", "Yonahmjip", etc., also state that literary men gathered in Dohwadong and held ceremonies and entertained. Third, it was learned that the garden remains in Dohwadong had been used as a place for holding ceremonies by the Ahndong Kims including Myonggongsukhyon; after Heungsundaewongun's governance, it was removed and neglected as the Ahndong Kims were purged and changed into a place for the royal family by the command of King Kojong in 1889. Fourth, Dohwadong followed the geographical features of nature, embraced the elegant surrounding scenery naturally, and gave significance to the sceneries of the season and its element and, in this way, it, as an ideal landscape model, is a valuable garden remains which realized the symbolic Dohwa landscape and presents its original scenery of the traditional garden. As mentioned above, this study, based on historical sources, has made progress in understanding the truth of the garden remains in Dohwadong and its value as a garden remains through the onsite research and academic historical investigation. However, since it is located within a military region, research was limitedly made. And also the range and structure of the garden remains was difficult to examine. Overall excavation is needed to figure out the remains and original terrain. Accordingly, in order to find out the truth of the garden remains in Dohwadong and for further preservation and application, it needs to be designated as a historical site and additional academic excavation research needs to be conducted; maintenance and preservation policies including removal of the cement and embankment, which disturb the original terrain within the remains, also need to be carried out.