• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2023

수도권 도시철도는 승객의 통행경로를 추정하지 못하는 경로미확정 이슈가 존재한다. 이 때문에 도시철도 요금은 승객이 최소이동거리를 통행한다는 가정으로 계산된다. 따라서 도시철도의 환승역이 추가되면 최소이동거리가 줄고 요금수입이 줄어드는 구간이 나타난다. 본 연구는 이러한 현상을 요금 Paradox(Shin, 2022)로 규정하고 GTX-A 개통에 의한 요금 Paradox 영향을 추정하였다. 이를 위해 GTX-A의 개통 전후의 시나리오를 구축하여 수도권 통합거리비례요금제에 의한 추가요금의 감소분을 추정하였다. 요금 Paradox는 일일 수입금의 약 0.024%에 해당되는 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 GTX-A, B, C, D 및 경전철 노선 신설 등의 요금정책 의사결정 툴로서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2013

In Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU)-type nuclear power plants, the reactor is composed of 380 fuel channels and refueling is performed on one or two channels per day. At the time of refueling, the fluid force of the cooling water inside the channel is exploited. New fuel added upstream of the fuel channel is moved downstream by the fluid force of the cooling water, and the used fuel is pushed out. Through this process, refueling is completed. Among the 380 fuel channels, outer rows 1 and 2 (called the FARE channel) make the process of using only the internal fluid force impossible because of the low flow rate of the channel cooling water. Therefore, a Flow Assist Ram Extension (FARE) tool, a refueling aid, is used to refuel these channels in order to compensate for the insufficient fluid force. The FARE tool causes flow resistance, thus allowing the fuel to be moved down with the flow of cooling water. Although the existing FARE tool can perform refueling in Korean plants, the coolant flow rate is reduced to below 80% of the normal flow for some time during refueling. A Flow rate below 80% of the normal flow cause low flow rate alarm signal in the plant operation. A flow rate below 80% of the normal flow may cause difficulties in the plant operation because of the increase in the coolant temperature of the channel. A new and improved FARE tool is needed to address the limitations of the existing FARE tool. In this study, we identified the cause of the low flow phenomena of the existing FARE tool. A new and improved FARE tool has been designed and manufactured. The improved FARE tool has been tested many times using laboratory test apparatus and was redesigned until satisfactory results were obtained. In order to confirm the performance of the improved FARE tool in a real plant, the final design FARE tool was tested at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2. The test was carried out successfully and the low flow rate alarm signal was eliminated during refueling. Several additional improved FARE tools have been manufactured. These improved FARE tools are currently being used for Korean CANDU plant refueling.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.502-516
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• 2002

Wolsong NPP are CANDU6 type reactors and there are 4 CANDU6 type reactors in commercial operation. CANDU type reactors require on-power refuelling by two remote controlled F/Ms (Fuelling Machines). Most of channels, fuel bundles are float by channel coolant flow and move toward downstream, however in about 30% of channels the coolant flow are not sufficient enough to carry fuel bundles to downstream. For those channels a special device, FARE (Flow Assist Ram Extension) device, is used to create additional force to push fuel bundles. It has been showing that during fuelling operation of some channels the channel coolant flow rate is reduced below specified limit (80% of normal), and consequently trip alarm signal turns on. This phenomenon occurs on selected channels that are instrumented for the channel flow and required to use the FARE device for refuelling. Hence it is believed that the FARE device causes the problem. It is also suspected that other channels that do not use the FARE device for refuelling might also go into channel flow low state. The analysis revealed that the channel How low occurs as the FARE device is introduced into the core and disappears as the FARE device is removed from the core. This paper presented the FARE device behavior, detailed fuelling operation sequence with the FARE device and effect on channel flow low phenomena. The FARE device components design changes are also suggested, such as increasing the number or now holes in the tube and flow slots in the ring orifice.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2000

교통체계가 지하철 중심의 대중교통체계로 변화되면서 지하철이용을 활성화하기 위한 적절한 연계체계를 구축할 필요성이 고조되고있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 부산시를 대상으로 타 목적통행에 비해서 중요한 비중을 차지하면서 비교적 안정적인 행태를 보이는 지하철 이용 통근 통학자를 대상으로 대표적인 연계교통수단인 시내버스, 마을버스, 택시 이용시 통행특성에 대한 체계적인 분석과 연계교통수단 선택행태에 대한 다항로짓모형을 구축하였다. 모형의 구축결과 연계교통수단선택시 큰 영향을 미치는 설명변수는 차외시간(OVTT), 차내시간(IVTT), 요금(T-FARE, S-FARE, B-FARE), 소득(INCOME), 성별(SEX), 연령(AGE) 순으로 나타났다. 그리고, 연계교통수단의 이용은 환승을 위한 단거리 통행이기 때문에 차외시간이 차내시간보다 수단선택시 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통행비용관련 변수들은 통행시간 변수들에 비해 연계수단선택시 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 요금인하로 인한 수요증가 정책보다는 적정수준으로 요금을 인상하여 이로 인한 수입 등을 이용하여 교통시설의 확충 등 서비스 개선에 의한 대중교통의 통행시간을 단축시킬 수 있는 서비스의 개선이 요구된다. 또한 통행시간가치는 타의시간의 시간가치가 차내시간의 시간가치보다 현저히 높게 나타났으며, 아침 통근 ·통학시 요금보다는 시간을 중요하게 인식하여 택시의 시간가치가 시내버스, 마을버스의 시간가치보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2007

This paper proposes the selection model of the telecommunication company using an analytical hierarchy process. When selecting a telecommunication company, consumers conflict the difficulty In decision-making because there are many competitive and complementary factors of telecommunication companies. To select an optimal telecommunication company, consumers need to consider a number of different quantitative and qualitative factors such as fare, various services, additional function and so on. In this study, we use the analytic hierarchy process based method for selecting the telecommunication company considering various factors to help consumers' decision-making for their benefits.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2017

Air travel has become an essential part of the global society and its sustainable development is expected. Airlines profit structure and network operation will be influenced by internalization of external costs like emission charge. This additional cost of the airlines will be directly pose air ticket fare increase and demand of air passenger will be decreased. EU-ETS is a part of environmental binding to airlines fly to EU territory airports. This study analyzes the impact of emission charges by application of EU-ETS on airlines network change. For long-term forecast, a reliable estimation of the future price of carbon dioxide (CO2) will be used.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1990

The first-best pricing rule which achieves economic efficiency is to equate price with marginal cost. Since public transport demand is derived from some other demand, the user cost as well as the producer cost are considered in its pricing. The optimal price is derived from a derivative of the total social cost with respect to demand. In case of the bus, if there is enough capacity for demand increase, the optimal price is determined by the marginal producer cost resulting from bus sped decrease and by the marginal user cost resulting from journey time increase. Both are caused by boarding and fare collecting time of an additional passenger. Because of the budget constraints, the marginal cost pricing cannot be applied in practice. Then price discrimination as the second-best pricing is introduced. The Ramsey pricing, to charge different prices for different demand elasticities, and nonuniform prices such as travelcards can be applied. However, there is practical difficulty in implementing these prices because of great informational requirements, the costs of administration and the ease to users.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2006년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.331-334
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• 2006

This paper proposes the selection model of the telecommunication company using an analytical hierarchy technique. When selecting a telecommunication company, consumers conflict the difficulty in decision-making because there are many competitive and complementary factors of telecommunication companies. To select an optimum telecommunication company, consumers need to consider a number of different quantitative and qualitative factors such as fare, various services, additional function and so on. In this study, we develop the method for selecting the telecommunication company considering various factors to help consumers' decision-making for their benefits.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to reexamine the price fairness as practiced by low cost airlines, as a consumer has to experience such inconveniences as inferior airport transportation, extra fees on in-flight meals, and non-negotiable seats, and consumers evaluate such experiences keeping in mind their total costs. This evaluation includes price fairness and allows a reasonable and overall consideration of factors of low cost airlines. It tries to set up a measurement of the indicators consumers' perceptions of price fairness academically as it adapts price fairness to airline services which are renowned for price volatility. Research design, data, and methodology - The research proposes an alternative pricing strategy for the long term profit of low cost airlines after going over conflicts between the traditional theory of consumers' price perception mechanism and flexible fair policy of low cost airlines. It was meaningful when it relates to the early stage of the business, while it enhances the risks relating to the long term survival of low cost airlines. In addition, it is significant as it highlights the negative influences on consumers' perceptions of price fairness, as low cost airlines run on extremely low cost perspectives. Results - The results of the research provide insight into four perspectives, as consumers' perceptions of price fairness are influenced by the frequency and range of price changes and services. The first perspective is that it would lead to positive price evaluation when a low cost airline cuts prices frequently with little changes than one big change. It also would lead to the same result when it comes to necessary services. The second perspective is that one big increase of price would rather undermine the negative aspects of price changes than those of several smaller ones. The third perspective is that additional services would be good to consumers' perceptions of price fairness as compared to discount benefits with respect to the cost. Finally, a low cost airline should consider that consumers will change airlines or defer their flight schedule if the flight fares increase beyond their limits. Conclusions - Low cost airlines should reconsider their pricing policies for services that were provided free earlier. A consumer would not like discount benefits when made to pay for services that were, for long, free of charge. If a low cost airline can provide services with no charge, it should improve volumes if the costs are standardized and, moreover, should consider the charging fees. Alternatively, a consumer can choose between services and fair discount. Low cost airlines are implementing sales promotion strategies, as the competition is more intense than it used to be. In these days, they should regard services over sales promotion, as consumers may prefer to spend money on good premium services. Some differentiation in services could create a good market position for the airlines and, hence, good financial performance.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1707-1714
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• 2011

상봉~춘천 구간을 운행하는 경춘선 복선전철이 2010년 12월에 운행을 개시함에 따라 시간과 비용측면 모두에서 타 교통수단과 비교하여 우월한 서비스 제공이 가능해졌다. 하지만 수도권 북부(서울시 강북, 도봉, 성북 및 경기 동두천, 양주, 의정부 등)지역에서 경춘선을 이용하기 위해서는 회기와 상봉에서 2회 환승해야 하는 불편이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 망우선을 이용하여 경춘선 전동열차의 일부를 성북역에서 시종착함으로써 이용자의 환승 불편을 최소화하고 이에 따른 이용수요 변화를 분석하여 보다 효율적인 열차운행계획을 수립하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 수요변화분석을 위해 총통행시간(환승시간 및 통행시간)을 고려하여 직접수요모형을 추정하였으며 구간운임 변화에 대한 부분은 고려하지 않아 향후 추가적 보완이 요구된다.