• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.73-88
• /
• 1995

the purpose of this study was to compare the consumption of personal and material resources between working wives and full-time housewives and to conceptualize the cost of working wives by the degree of additional consumption of the resources. The proposed costs of working wives included the long working time (time cost), the short leisure time(energy cost), the increase of expenditures fro services and the serious role conflict(psychological cost). Three methods, t-test, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis/tobit analysis were used to analyse the differences in consumption of resources between two groups. On the basis of the analysed results, the employment cost of working wives were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to development of life cycle cost analysis methodology of HVAC system for decision maker. The results of this study are as follows; maintenance/management, equipment construction, planning/design, and demolition/sell phases (1) To develop the cost breakdown structure for LCC in HVAC system, this study apply the method of additional pertinent level, title, CBS number, block number and variable index. (2) LCC analysis order of HVAC system compose four phase. (3) Life cycle costing influence diagram can bring us to make the most efficient decision through a visual graphical diagram that is shown relationship among variables and that decision maker traces easily from life cycle cost analysis situation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 1999

Recently, with the rapid development and demand for compactness of portable communications, the requirement for compact and low-cost filter is increasing. One of the methods for reducing size and cost is to use high dielectric constant and low loss dielectric material in filter. The other is new monoblock dielectric band-pass filter (BPF) which has holes in a single dielectric body without additional coupling elements. This structure effectively reduces the size and cost of the filters. For previous conventional coaxial type dielectric BPF, dielectric substrates were used for coupling between adjacent resonators and additional input and output ports were needed. Coupling between adjacent resonators of monoblock BPF can be otained via electrode pairs. Capacitances of electrode pair structure for coupling are intensively investigated by 3-D FEM. The BPF for PCS has been designed to have a 30 MHz pass-bandwidth with center frequency of 1855 MHz and an attenuation pole at below the passband using a commercial 3-D structure simulator.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2016

We consider a time-cost tradeoff problem with multiple milestones under a chain precedence graph. In the problem, some penalty occurs unless a milestone is completed before its appointed date. This can be avoided through compressing the processing time of the jobs with additional costs. We describe the compression cost as the convex or the concave function. The objective is to minimize the sum of the total penalty cost and the total compression cost. It has been known that the problems with the concave and the convex cost functions for the compression are NP-hard and polynomially solvable, respectively. Thus, we consider the special cases such that the cost functions or maximal compression amounts of each job are identical. When the cost functions are convex, we show that the problem with the identical costs functions can be solved in strongly polynomial time. When the cost functions are concave, we show that the problem remains NP-hard even if the cost functions are identical, and develop the strongly polynomial approach for the case with the identical maximal compression amounts.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.33.4-33
• /
• 2001

This paper considers a stochastic discrete algebraic Riccati equation, which is a generalized version of the well-known standard discrete algebraic Riccati equation, and has additional linear terms. Under controllability, observability and the assumption that the additional terms are not too large, the existence of a positive definite solution is guaranteed. It is shown that it arises in optimal control of a linear discrete-time system with multiplicative White noise and quadratic cost. A numerical example is given.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2008

For deciding the profitability and feasibility of the construction project, the schematic estimation has to not only link the design decision-making but also estimate the cost with reliability. The prototype-based schematic estimation system was developed for easily linking with design-making and supports to evaluate the design alternatives in the design development stage but didn't consider the cost estimated by parameter and additional work items by users. This research presents the object-parameter based schematic estimation model in the design development stage that can lead to accurately estimate the cost by using historical data from the high-storied office buildings. For the development of the proposed model for schematic estimation, after analyzing and classifying the work items from the Bills of Quantities(BOQs) and drawings of historical data, this research proposed the methods of estimating cost in accordance with attributes of each work item. In addition, a case study is performed for the effectiveness as comparing the previous estimating method with the proposed model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.16
• /
• pp.6857-6862
• /
• 2015

Background: To identify the optimal cost effective strategy for the management of women having ASC-US who attended at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KMCH). Design: An Economical Analysis based on a retrospective study. Subject: The women who were referred to the gynecological department due to screening result of ASC-US at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, a general and tertiary referral center in Bangkok Thailand, from Jan 2008 - Dec 2012. Materials and Methods: A decision tree-based was constructed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of three follow up strategies in the management of ASC-US results: repeat cytology, triage with HPV testing and immediate colposcopy. Each ASC-US woman made the decision of each strategy after receiving all details about this algorithm, advantages and disadvantages of each strategy from a doctor. The model compared the incremental costs per case of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) detected as measured by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: From the provider's perspective, immediate colposcopy is the least costly strategy and also the most effective option among the three follow up strategies. Compared with HPV triage, repeat cytology triage is less costly than HPV triage, whereas the latter provides a more effective option at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 56,048 Baht per additional case of CIN 2+ detected. From the patient's perspective, the least costly and least effective is repeat cytology triage. Repeat colposcopy has an incremental cost-effectiveness (ICER) of 2,500 Baht per additional case of CIN2+ detected when compared to colposcopy. From the sensitivity analysis, immediate colposcopy triage is no longer cost effective when the cost exceeds 2,250 Baht or the cost of cytology is less than 50 Baht (1USD = 31.58 THB). Conclusions: In women with ASC-US cytology, colposcopy is more cost-effective than repeat cytology or triage with HPV testing for both provider and patient perspectives.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2024

Background: This study examined the public's perceptions of repeat dispensing as one of the measures to reduce the harmful effects of long-term prescriptions in Korea. Methods: From January 11 to 25, 2021, an online survey was conducted for adults using convenience sampling. A self-developed questionnaire was used. Results: There were 310 respondents, of which 228 (73.5%) preferred repeat dispensing. When considering the additional fee payment, 188 (60.6%) preferred repeat dispensing, and 54 (67.5%) out of a total of 80 chronic disease patients preferred it. It was confirmed that there was a difference in the willingness to repeat dispensing considering the additional cost depending on whether the patient had a chronic disease and the distance from home to the nearest pharmacy. As a result of subgroup analysis for patients with chronic diseases, frequency of outpatient visit, number of prescription days, method of packaging pharmaceuticals, and distance from home to the nearest pharmacy were identified as variables that could well predict the willingness to repeat dispensing considering paying additional fees. The preference for repeat dispensing may vary depending on conditions such as additional cost range, frequency and period of prescription use, disease and patient characteristics, so a careful approach is necessary. Conclusion: It is necessary for the government to consider the introduction of repeat dispensing with interest in the public demand.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2009

Based on single-vendor single-buyer integrated production-inventory problem, a model considering freight costs discounts is suggested when the cargo capacity is constrained. With the cost function formulated, several properties of the model are derived and analyzed. An efficient algorithm to find solutions such as shipment lot size, number of shipments and number of full truckloads using properties derived is suggested. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the proposed solution procedures and to provide additional insights.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1495-1500
• /
• 2014

This paper presents the result of the estimation of the power interruption costs of Korean commercial customers. Commercial customers are usually located in urban areas and considered very important because a power interruption on them can expand to additional damage to related users. Their power interruption costs were calculated through a survey with the process of data selection. Also, the power interruption cost for each customer's business type was calculated and compared with that of foreign cases.