• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an 8-week competitive exercise program on physical fitness, psychological variables, and video-game playtime in game-addicted adolescents. Methods: All subjects were screened by a game behavior diagnosis scale questionnaire, and a total of 7 game-addicted, male adolescents ($16{\pm}2$ yrs of age) participated in the study. All subjects were informed of the study's purpose, procedures, and risks, and a consent form was obtained from each subject. The 8-week soccer and basketball exercise program included twice-weekly sessions of 120 minutes per session. All data were presented as $mean{\pm}SE$, and the variables were analyzed with a paired t-test. Results: Following the 8-week intervention, cardiovascular endurance and grip strength were significantly increased (approximately 17 and 7%, respectively [p<0.05]). Although there was no statistical significance on flexibility, vertical jump, and zigzag-run, all variables showed an increasing tendency. Anxiety levels changed from a mild anxiety state to a normal state, and depression levels also altered from moderate to a normal state. The video-game playtime was reduced about 20% during weekends and vacation periods. Conclusion: Given these combined results, 8 weeks of regular participation in competitive exercise (soccer/basketball) may contribute to positive effects on physical fitness, psychological variables, and video-game playtime in computer-game addicted adolescents.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.641-655
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors on juvenile delinquency and to examine relationships between sex, age, the family environment, the personality of adolescents, smoking, and juvenile delinquency. Methods: Data collection was done through questionnaire surveys. The subjects for this study consisted of 1,948 adolescents delinquents : 784, students : 1,164 in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were chi-square, t-test and path analysis. Results: The results of this study were as follows : 1. The delinquent adolescents were reared in a more dysfunctional family environment, and had a higher maladaptive personality than the other student adolescents. 2. The delinquent adolescents showed the larger amount of smoking than the student adolescents. The cause of increased smoking tendency among delinquents simply were 'for social relation', 'for diversion', 'for nicotine addiction', whereas 'for tension relieving' among non-delinquent adolescents. 3. The most powerful contributors on delinquent behavior were antisocial personality tendencies, smoking, sex, strength of parent- child relationships, and the age of the adolescents in this order. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional findings indicate that smoking was one of the most powerful contributing variables to delinquent behavior, but family environment, personality, sex and age of adolescents were also proved to be strong exogenous variables to smoking in adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods : The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results : Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness (p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and ${\beta}$=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion : This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.155-176
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• 2014

최근 불법도박의 경제적 규모는 합법사행산업의 매출 규모를 뛰어 넘어 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 유명 연예인들의 불법도박이나 프로스포츠에서의 승부조작과 같은 불법도박과 관련된 사건들 역시 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구는 도박 중독을 중심으로 하는 기존 도박 연구의 관점에서 탈피하여 불법도박의 불법성에 주목하여 참여자들의 심리적 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전문 리서치 회사의 패널들 중 도박 경험자만을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 총 1,531명의 자료를 수집하였고, 불법도박 경험 수준에 따라 불법도박 무경험 집단(n=1,317), 불법도박 경험 집단(n=177), 불법도박 주도박 집단(n=37)으로 구분하여 개인 성향(위험감수성향, 조절초점성향, 내적통제성향), 법인식(불법성, 처벌가능성, 처벌강도) 및 오해, 도박동기(금전동기, 흥분동기, 사교동기), 도박하는 동안의 감정(느긋함-불안, 무관심-몰입, 권태-흥분, 자신감-걱정)을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, 첫째, 불법도박 주도박 집단과 경험 집단은 무경험 집단에 비해 위험감수성향이 높았고, 경험 집단이 무경험 집단에 비해 향상초점성향이 높았다. 둘째, 불법도박 경험 집단이 무경험 집단에 비해 불법도박의 불법성을 낮게 인식했고, 불법도박에 대한 오해가 더 많았다. 셋째, 불법도박 주도박 집단과 경험 집단이 무경험 집단에 비해 더 강한 금전동기, 흥분동기를 가지고 있었다. 넷째, 주도박을 하는 동안의 감정에서는 느긋함-불안 차원에서만 유의미한 차이를 보였는데, 주도박 집단이 경험 집단과 무경험 집단에 비해 불안을 더 많이 느꼈다. 논의에서는 불법성을 중심으로 불법도박자들의 특징을 해석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 불법도박에 대한 정책적 함의를 제안하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.349-368
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify parental factors associated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to June 2019 were identified through systematic search in 10 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, NDSL, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, and RISS). Standardized effect sizes were calculated to quantify the associations of parental factors with smartphone overuse in preschoolers using meta-analysis. Results: A total of 30 cross-sectional studies involving 7,943 participants met the inclusion criteria. The following were negatively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers: mother's parenting self-efficacy (r=-.35), mother-child attachment (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting behavior (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting attitude (r=-.25), and father's parenting involvement (r=-.15). Further, maternal factors such as smartphone addiction tendency (r=.41), parenting stress (r=.40), negative parenting behavior (r=.35), negative parenting attitude (r=.14), smartphone usage time (r=.26), employment status (r=.18), and age (r=.12) were positively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Conclusion: Several parental factors influence smartphone overuse in preschoolers. These findings emphasize the need to assess and enhance the parental factors identified in this study to prevent smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Accordingly, we recommend the development of preventive interventions to strengthen parent-related protective factors and mitigate risk factors.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

Recent studies suggest that alterations in glutamate receptor subunit levels in mesocorticolimbic dopamine areas could account for neural adaptations in response to psychostimulant drugs. Although many drugs of abuse induce changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in mesocorticolimbic dopamine areas, the changes of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits by repeated nicotine treatment in these areas are not known. To answer this question, we injected male Sprague-Dawley rats twice daily with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg) for 10 days. The immunoreactivity of NR1, GluR1, and GluR2 glutamate receptor subunits was examined $16{\sim}18 h$ after the last injection of saline or nicotine. Repeated nicotine treatment significantly increased NR1 levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In addition, repeated nicotine treatment showed a tendency towards an increase in GluR1 levels in the VTA as well as in striatum. However, there was no significant change in glutamate receptor subunits in other areas including nucleus accumbens (NAc). These results demonstrate that repeated nicotine treatment increases NR1 levels in VTA similarly to other drugs of abuse, suggesting that elevated glutamate receptor subunits in the VTA, but not NAc may be involved in the excitation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons by nicotine.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제28권
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• pp.7-41
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• 2005

본 연구는 웹 미디어 이용에 대한 성찰성을 강조하기 위한 것이다. 미디어 매개적 경험의 확산은 인간의 경험을 축소하고 상실케 함으로써 개인의 자아정체성 인식에 부정적으로 작용할 수 있다는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 특히 최근 증가하고 있는 웹 미디어의 중독적 이용경향은 심각한 우려를 자아내고 있다. 이러한 논의를 규명하기 위해, 본 연구는 웹 미디어의 중독적 이용경험과 자아정체성의 관계를 살펴보았다. 조사대상자를 이용량과 중독적 몰입도를 중심으로 9개 집단으로 구분했고, 이들의 자아정체성을 비교했다. 연구결과, 웹 미디어 중독적 이용경험과 자아정체성간에는 높은 유의미적 상관성이 제시되었다. 특히 웹 미디어 중독적 이용경험의 정도가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 자아정체성이 상대적으로 낮게 나타남으로써 웹 미디어의 중독적 이용경험에 대한 우려를 실증해 주었다. 또한 웹 미디어에 대한 단순한 이용량보다는 중독적 몰입정도에 따라 자아정체성의 차이에 더 큰 유의미성이 나타났다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2017

증강현실 게임은 현실 공간에서 발생 가능한 물리적 위험성을 내포하고 있다는 점에서 기존의 게임과는 차이가 있다. 실제로 포켓몬 고 게임과 관련한 사고가 증가하고 있는 추세임에도 이러한 유형의 위험에 대한 학술적 논의는 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 증강현실 게임에서 나타나는 인지된 위험 유형에 대한 탐색과 함께 위험 인식 수준이 이용의도에 미치는 영향을 검증한다. 또한 일반적으로 게임 중독성향 및 감각추구 성향이 강하게 나타나는 청소년 그룹과 청장년층의 인식 수준 비교를 통해 연구 시사점을 도출한다. 연구 결과에 따르면 10대의 경우 경제적 위험 인식이 증가할수록 이용 의도가 감소하고 20대 이상의 경우 시간적 위험 인식이 높을수록 이용 의도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 물리적/신체적 위험의 경우 10대의 경우 이용 의도 감소에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고 20대 이상의 경우 오히려 정의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 증강현실 게임의 안전한 이용을 위해서 적절한 규제의 필요성을 시사한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2019

Objective: Methyl bromide (MB) fumigant has been shown to be fatal to human when was exposed. However, it were still used the significant amount in quarantine disinfection sites. The purposes of this study were to assess the MB exposure status and characteristics by fumigation-related workers and to provide supporting data for management plan. Methods: For this study, the three groups related to fumigation work were composed. A total of 107 workers were directly exposed, 20 field inspectors were indirect, and 20 general quarantines were not exposed. The urinary bromide ion concentrations in each group were analyzed by using HPLC/ICP-MS, and the working characteristics were identified using the structured questionnaire. Results: The urinary bromide ion concentration in the exposed group of fumigation workers was higher than the indirect and non-exposed groups. In the work characteristics of workers, there was a significant tendency to increase urinary bromide ion concentrations with higher fumigation work years (≤4 years: 2.84 (1.13-7.11) mg/g cr, >4-15 years: 5.36 (4.37-6.57) mg/g cr, >15-37 years: 6.69 (5.27-8.49) mg/g cr, p=0.034). In the comparison of the average number of working days per month, the more working days, the higher the urinary bromide ion concentration was statistically significant (≤12.5 days: 2.59 (1.19-5.65) mg/g cr, >12.5-19.25 days: 5.46 (4.62-6.44) mg/g cr, >19.25-27.25 days: 7.93 (5.93-10.59) mg/g cr, p=0.002). Conclusion: This study was the first nationwide survey including biological monitoring in workers exposed to methyl bromide. The results of this study were expected to be used as a reference for workers' health rights in relation to fumigation, prevention of addiction accidents, and safe management plan.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.717-748
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• 2022

이 연구는 소셜 미디어에서 나타나는 사회갈등에 대한 게시글 및 댓글을 통해 개인에게 전염될 수 있는 정서, 특히 불안과 분노를 측정하는 소셜 미디어 불안과 분노 전염 척도(Social media Anxiety and Anger Contagion Scale: SAACS)를 개발하고 타당화하고자 실시하였다. 먼저 소셜 미디어 속 사회갈등을 주제로 문헌 탐색을 실시하여 12가지의 요인(성별, 범죄, 세대, 빈부, 정치, 지역에 대한 불안과 분노)을 선정하였으며, 이후 관련된 선행 연구 및 커뮤니티 게시글과 댓글들을 탐색하여, 문항을 개발하고, 내용타당도에 대한 검증을 거쳐 105개의 예비문항을 선정하였다. 다음으로 20-30대를 대상으로 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과에 따라, SAACS를 12개의 요인(성별, 범죄, 세대, 빈부, 정치, 지역에 대한 불안과 분노)과 48개의 문항으로 수정하였다. 타당도를 검증한 결과, SAACS는 SNS 중독 경향성 척도, Rosenberg 자아존중감 척도, 한국판 공격성 질문지, 상태 특성 불안 척도(STAI-X)와 유의미한 상관관계를 보였고, 한국판 정서전염 척도(K-ECS)와의 상관은 의미 있는 수준이 아니었다. 결과를 토대로 이 연구의 시사점과 추후 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.