• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.929-940
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 컨투어렛 변환 영역 상에서 저작권 보호, 인증 및 변형 검출 등을 위한 다중 목적의 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 컨투어렛 변환은 웨이블릿 변환보다 다방향성의 에지 및 부드러운 윤곽선 검출 성능이 보다 우수하여 제안한 방법에서는 4레벨 라플라시안 피라미드와 2 레벨 방향성 필터 뱅크를 이용한 컨투어렛 변환 영역 상에서 워터마크를 삽입한다. 먼저 제안한 방법의 첫 번째 단계에서는 저작권 보호를 위한 강인성 워터마킹 기법으로 워터마크 비트에 따라 원 패턴의 시퀀스를 생성하여, 이들 시퀀스 형태로 방향성 고주파 대역의 평균 계수 대역 내에 투영한다. 그리고 투영된 계수들의 분산 분포에 워터마크 비트를 각각 삽입한다. 그리고 두 번째 단계에서는 인증 및 변형 검출을 위한 준연약성 워터마킹 기법으로써, 최상위 레벨의 저주파 대역 내에 이진 워터마크 영상을 적응적 양자화기에 의하여 삽입한다. Checkmark 2.1를 이용한 평가 실험에서 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법에 비하여 강인성 및 비가시성이 보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2001

This study is performed to confirm the influencing factors of family health protection behaviors using the variables included in Pender's Family Promotion Model. 1. The subjects are 110 families in preschooler family developmental stage, respondents are children's mother or father. These families are almost all nuclear types(95%), function of families is healthy as much as 8.0 the mean FAPGAR score. The prevalence rate of family members' illness was 14.7% these last 3 months, and 21.1 % of families responded suffered from injury for last 2 years. 2. The practice rate of injury prevention behavior is below a half in supervision and modifying of their home and residential environments, especially controlling through collaborative community power. The more familiar function score is the better practicing rates of injury prevention behaviors. 3. The injury prevention behaviors correlate to family size, health status of family member, and children's congenital defects with statistical significance. Families' economic condition correlates also significantly to family health status, cognition of benefits of injury prevention, cognition of the importance of community collecting power. And the recognition of the benefits of injury prevention correlates the adaptive health concept, family norms about injury prevention, economic status. 4. Considering family health promotion model. the general influencing factor is only affected to family protective behavior, and other paths don't affect to family's behaviors. In simple regression, the family protective behavior model explains 27.8%(P=0.05), significant factors are family function status, family size, chronic illness of family members', mother's education level. father's age. 5. To define of familiar preventive behavior as a unit is very important, but it has the limitation to solve the difficulties of family studies going with the operationalized difficulties of health promotion concept.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

While high-dose ionizing radiation results in long term cellular cytotoxicity, chronic low-dose (<0.2 Gy) of X- or ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation can be beneficial to living organisms by inducing radiation hormesis, stimulating immune function, and adaptive responses. During chronic low-dose-rate radiation (LDR) exposure, whole body of mice is exposed to radiation, however, it remains unclear if LDR causes changes in gene expression of the whole brain. Therefore, we aim to investigate expressed genes (EGs) and signaling pathways specifically regulated by LDR-irradiation ($^{137}Cs$, a cumulative dose of 1.7 Gy for total 100 days) in the whole brain. Using microarray analysis of whole brain RNA extracts harvested from ICR and AKR/J mice after LDR-irradiation, we discovered that two mice strains displayed distinct gene regulation patterns upon LDR-irradiation. In ICR mice, genes involved in ion transport, transition metal ion transport, and developmental cell growth were turned on while, in AKR/J mice, genes involved in sensory perception, cognition, olfactory transduction, G-protein coupled receptor pathways, inflammatory response, proteolysis, and base excision repair were found to be affected by LDR. We validated LDR-sensitive EGs by qPCR and confirmed specific upregulation of S100a7a, Olfr624, and Gm4868 genes in AKR/J mice whole brain. Therefore, our data provide the first report of genetic changes regulated by LDR in the mouse whole brain, which may affect several aspects of brain function.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2000

VTS에서는 소형 선박들에 대한 운항정보의 파악이 어려우므로 관제에 애로가 많다. 즉, GMDSS의 대상이 아닌 소형 선박들이 평상시에 선명 및 위치정보를 전송하고, VTS에서는 입ㆍ출항하는 모든 선박들의 선명과 위치를 용이하게 확인하고 항내에서의 해난사고가 발생하지 않도록 통제할 수 있는 시스템이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구의 항행정보 전송관리시스템은 micro-processor를 이용하여 CPS의 데이터 중에서 위치와 시간정보를 추출하고 여기에 선박의 ID를 추가하여 2,400[bps]의 저속으로 447[MHz], FSK의 송신기로 전송할 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. VTS에서는 이것을 수신, 복조하여 선박의 항행상태를 확인할 수 있다. 실험단계에서는 목포항을 중심으로 항해중의 데이터를 전송하였고, 수신점에서는 해도상에 실시간으로 위치를 표시하는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 원거리의 서비스를 위하여 기존의 SSB 통신망에 접속할 수 있는 하드웨어적인 융통성도 고려하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권1C호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2007

최근 디지털 방송의 발달과 인터넷 보급으로 인해 디지털 데이터의 저작권 보호를 위한 디지털 워터마킹에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 저작권 보호 뿐만 아니라 자막이나 인물 소개, 배경 음악에 대한 정보 등 유용한 정보를 은닉하면서 화질 열화를 최소화하기 위하여 움직임벡터의 변경 최소화 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 매크로블록에서 구한 정보와 워터마크 정보를 비교하여 특성 벡터를 추출하고, 이에 따라 비트의 반전 여부를 결정함으로써 움직임 벡터의 변경을 최소화한다. 따라서 기존의 움직임벡터 기반의 비디오 워터마킹기법에 비해 화질 열화가 최소화될 수 있다. 또한 삽입 정보에 대한 무결성을 제공하며, 워터마크를 매우 간단히 검출할 수 있고, 원 영상이 필요없는 블라인드 워터마킹이 가능하다. 그리고 기존의 비디오 스트림의 형식이 변경되지 않으므로 기존의 MPEG-1, -2 표준과 호환성이 뛰어나다. 본 논문은 실험 결과 기존의 방법에 비해 $0.5{\sim}1.5dB$ 화질이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 오디오 컨텐츠 저작권 보안을 위하여 MP3 공격에 강인한 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 일반적인 주파수 도메인에서의 워터마킹 방법인 Cox의 스프레드 스펙트럼 방법에서는 DCT후 값이 큰 저주파수의 계수에 순차적으로 워터마크를 삽입하였다. 임의의 주파수 계수에 삽입하는 방법은 효과적이지 못하므로, 본 논문에서는 심리음향 모델을 분석하여 MP3 공격시 손실이 적은 주파수 계수에 적응적인 함수를 적용하여 가중치를 부여한 후 계수에 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 다양한 음원에 대하여 실험한 결과, 제안한 방법은 기존의 방법들에 비해 워터마크의 보존하고 원본 음원의 왜곡을 줄이는 두 가지 측면 모두 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

Vaccines are the most effective and cost-efficient method for preventing diseases caused by infectious pathogens. Despite the great success of vaccines, development of safe and strong vaccines is still required for emerging new pathogens, re-emerging old pathogens, and in order to improve the inadequate protection conferred by existing vaccines. One of the most important strategies for the development of effective new vaccines is the selection and usage of a suitable adjuvant. Immunologic adjuvants are essential for enhancing vaccine potency by improvement of the humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response to vaccine antigens. Thus, formulation of vaccines with appropriate adjuvants is an attractive approach towards eliciting protective and long-lasting immunity in humans. However, only a limited number of adjuvants is licensed for human vaccines due to concerns about safety and toxicity. We summarize current knowledge about the potential benefits of adjuvants, the characteristics of adjuvants and the mechanisms of adjuvants in human vaccines. Adjuvants have diverse modes of action and should be selected for use on the basis of the type of immune response that is desired for a particular vaccine. Better understanding of current adjuvants will help exploring new adjuvant formulations and facilitate rational design of vaccines against infectious diseases.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2011

This paper is concerned with simulation exercises used to train key response agencies for crisis situations. While 'multi-agency' simulations are increasingly acknowledged as a necessary and significant training tool for emergency response organisations, many current crisis simulations are still focused on the revision of existing response plans only. However, a crisis requires a rapid reaction, yet in contrast to an 'emergency', the risks for critical decision makers in crisis situations are difficult to measure, owing to their ill-structure. In other words, a crisis situation is likely to create great uncertainty, unfamiliarity and complexity, and consequently should be managed by adaptive or second order expertise and techniques, rather than routine or structured responses. In this context, the paper attempts to prove that the current practices of simulation exercises might not be good enough for uncertain, unfamiliar, and complex 'crisis' situations, in particular, by conducting case studies of two different underground fire crises in Korea (Daegu Subway Fire 2003) and the UK (King's Cross Fire 1987). Finally, it is suggested that the three abilities: 'flexibility', 'improvisation' and 'creativity' are critical in responding to a crisis situation.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 추계학술논문집 2부
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• pp.565-568
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• 2011

Google Android framework consists of an operating system and software platform for mobile devices. Using a general-purpose Linux operating system in mobile device has some advantages but also security risks. Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a kernel-based protection approach which can help to reduce potential damage from successful attacks. However, there are some challenges to integrate SELinux in Android. In this research, we do a study on how to do the integration and find out four challenges. The first one is that the Android file system (yaff2) does not support security namespace for extended attribute (xattr) which is required by SELinux. The second one is that it's difficult to apply SELinux policy to Dalvik process on which an Android application runs on. The third one is that Android lacks methods, tools and libraries to interact with SELinux. The last one is how to update the SELinux policy automatically when installing or removing an application. In this paper, we propose solutions for the above limitations that make the SELinux more adaptive and suitable for Android framework.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.354-356
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• 2006

This paper presents a new one-terminal numerical algorithm for fault location estimation and for faults recognition. The proposed algorithm are derived for the case of most frequent single-phase line to ground fault in the time domain. The arc voltage wave shape is modeled numerically on the basis of a great number of arc voltage records obtained by transient recorder. From the calculated arc voltage amplitude it can make a decision whether the fault is permanent of transient. In this paper the algorithm uses a very short data window and enables fast fault detection and classification for real-time transmission line protection. To test the validity of the proposed algorithm the Electro-Magnetic Transient Program(EMTP/ATP) is used.