• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1599-1604
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• 2022

Storage stability of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria is a critical factor for their cost-effectiveness. Long-term storage of lactic acid bacteria enables microbial industry to reduce distribution costs. Herein, we investigated the effect of cold adaptation under supercooling conditions at -5℃ on the viability of Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim32 during the freeze-drying process and subsequent storage. Cold adaptation increased the thickness of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and improved the viability of freeze-dried Leu. mesenteroides WiKim32. Compared to non-adapted cells, cold-adapted cells showed a 35.4% increase in EPS thickness under supercooling conditions. The viability of EPS-hydrolyzed cells was lower than that of untreated cells, implying that EPS plays a role in protection during the freeze-drying process. Cold adaptation increased the storage stability of freeze-dried Leu. mesenteroides WiKim32. Fifty-six days after storage, the highest viability (71.3%) was achieved with cold adaptation at -5℃. When EPS-containing broth was added prior to the freeze-drying process, the viability further increased to 82.7%. These results imply that cold adaptation by supercooling pretreatment would be a good strategy for the long-term storage of Leu. mesenteroides WiKim32.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-55
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• 2020

Climate change is one of the most discussed issues in international for a today. Evaluating the effect of climate change at a regional level and setting up an appropriate policy to address the issues associated with climate change require a proper evaluation process on the climate change and adaptation projects already implemented. Although various evaluation approaches to climate change adaptation programs have been proposed, it is rare to find a proper systematic approach to evaluating the reliability of those climate change adaptation programs. In the current situation regarding the system to evaluate climate change adaptation programs, the purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical and standardized evaluation system on the reliability of climate change adaptation schemes. The new approach suggested in this paper will be appropriate when requiring a confidence level for adaptation programs that are specially localized and categorized. Using various quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods with the inherent reality mechanism, we provide a conceptual framework to measure the reliability of climate change adaptation programs with a flexible adjustment process. With the proposed framework, it is possible to provide the level of confidence on the results collected from the evaluation systems and construct a standardized, system-wide assessment procedure toward climate change adaptation policies. By applying this approach based on scientific evidence on the reliability of climate change adaptation policies, appropriate and efficient climate change adaptation programs will be properly designed for and implemented in Korea.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2011

It seems required to determine what might affect the technological innovation activities of manufacturing companies and what kind of role they could play for them to carry out technological innovation activities in an effective way. The objective of the present study is thus to conduct a depth empirical analysis of the structural relations among business environment, technological innovation activities and performance of manufacturing companies. From the analysis, following outcomes could be drawn: First, with regard to the relationship between business environment and technological innovation activities of manufacturing companies, it has become clear that the external environment is a factor that can influence technological innovation activities such as management of technical property, technological innovation system as well as technical network, while it exercises no impact upon adaptation of manufacturers to new technologies. The internal environment, on the other hand, turns out to have influence on such overall factors of technological innovation activities as management of technical property, technological innovation system, adaptation to new technologies and technical network; and Second, as for the relationship between technological innovation activities and their performance, it has been obvious that management of technical property and technological innovation system, both factors of technological innovation activities, affect the performance of product development and financial achievements of manufacturing companies. Their adaptation to new technologies will also affect their performance of product development as well as financial achievements. These findings suggest that it is important for manufacturing companies to set up an operating system that may be able to upgrade the practical applicability of their technological development activities in an attempt to promote performance of their technological innovation activities.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to identify the factors affecting the relationships between the organizational context for work innovation(organizational citizenship behaviors, IS innovation resistance, and user IT capability) and the intention of ERP extension usage, and second, to examine the mediating effect of the ERP performance on the relationships between the ERP adaptation and the intention of ERP extension usage. In order to achieve the goals of this study, data were obtained from 304 members of the seven organizations such as manufacturers, distributors and service industries, and were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0. The study results are as follows. There were positive effects of the organizational citizenship behaviors and the user IT capability on the change management activity. The IS innovation resistance had a negative effects on the change management activity. The change management activity had a positive effect on the ERP adaptation. The ERP adaptation had a positive effect on the ERP performance and the intention of ERP extension usage. The ERP performance had a positive effect on the intention of ERP extension usage. In addition, there was a partial mediating effect of the ERP performance on the relationships between ERP adaptation and intention of ERP extension usage. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1190-1197
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• 2016

The acid response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 has been studied in our previous study. The fab gene, which is supposed to be involved in membrane fatty acid biosynthesis, was demonstrated to be induced in acid response. In order to investigate the relationship between acid response and cell membrane fatty acid composition, the acid adaptation of BBMN68 was assessed and the membrane fatty acid composition at different adaptation conditions was identified. Indeed, the fatty acid composition was influenced by acid adaptation. Our results showed that the effective acid adaptations were accompanied with decrease in the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (UFA/SFA) and increase in cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) content, which corresponded to previous studies. Moreover, both effective and non-effective acid adaptation conditions resulted in decrease in the C_18:1 cis-9/C_18:1 trans-9 ratio, indicating that the C_18:1 cis-9/C_18:1 trans-9 ratio is associated with acid tolerance response but not with acid adaptation response. Taken together, this study indicated that the UFA/SFA and CFA content of BBMN68 were involved in acid adaptation and the C_18:1 cis-9/C_18:1 trans-9 ratio was involved in acid tolerance response.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2012

As reflected in the title, the main objective of the paper is to explore an appropriate approach to promote technological innovation for developing countries. Aiming to this goal, the paper studies three main innovation system approaches, whose implantation is being attempted in developing countries: first, national innovation systems (NIS), which was developed in OECD countries; second, the system of innovation for development (SID), which is a concept that tries to adapt NIS to developing countries; and third, inclusive innovation which is a pro-poor innovation system. Based on the strengths and the weaknesses of each concept and their potential adaptation in developing countries, the paper proposes an integrated approach of innovation system for developing countries. Compared to developed countries, the concept of innovation system in developing countries should be more complex because it involves not only the formal sector such as enterprises, universities, research institutes, government, and financial system but it also involves NGOs, informal companies, grassroots inventors, local and indigenous knowledge, etc. The last part of the paper discusses the ideas that innovation stakeholders in developing countries can use to promote their proper innovation system.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1169-1180
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• 2018

Cave shrimps from the genera Typhlatya, Stygiocaris and Typhlopatsa (TST complex) comprises twenty cave-adapted taxa, which mainly occur in the anchialine environment. Anchialine habitats may undergo drastic environmental fluctuations, including spatial and temporal changes in salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen content. Previous studies of crustaceans from anchialine caves suggest that they have possessed morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to cope with the extreme conditions, similar to other cave-dwelling crustaceans. However, the genetic basis has not been thoroughly explored in crustaceans from anchialine habitats, which can experience hypoxic regimes. To test whether the TST shrimp-complex hypoxia adaptations matched adaptive evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes. The 13 OXPHOS genes from mitochondrial genomes of 98 shrimps and 1 outgroup were examined. For each of these genes was investigated and compared to orthologous sequences using both gene (i.e. branch-site and Datamonkey) and protein (i.e. TreeSAAP) level approaches. Positive selection was detected in 11 of the 13 candidate genes, and the radical amino acid changes sites scattered throughout the entire TST complex phylogeny. Additionally, a series of parallel/convergent amino acid substitutions were identified in mitochondrial OXPHOS genes of TST complex shrimps, which reflect functional convergence or similar genetic mechanisms of cave adaptation. The extensive occurrence of positive selection is suggestive of their essential role in adaptation to hypoxic anchialine environment, and further implying that TST complex shrimps might have acquired a finely capacity for energy metabolism. These results provided some new insights into the genetic basis of anchialine hypoxia adaptation.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.150-180
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• 1997

This article introduces the five functions of the national innovation system(NIS). As one of social systems in the national level, the five generic functions of open system - production, boundary spanning, maintenance, adaptation, management functions - are applied to the NIS. The production function is the primary process, which produces innovative products and services of the NIS. The boundary spanning function is the function of procuring input and disposing the innovation output or aiding in these processes. Experienced R&D human resources, R&D funds, technology etc. are some of the components of the input of the NIS. The maintenance function is responsible for maintaining smooth operation and upkeeping the system in terms of various conditions. The adaptation function is to help the system change and adapt, and scan the environment for problems, opportunites, and technological developments. It has outward orientation, from the long-term view for the survival of the system. The management function carries out planning and control of the overall activities for the other four functions in order to effectiving run the system as a whole. Finally, this article discusses implications of the diagnosis of the national innovation system and the decision making process of S&T policy.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2017

Diffusion of innovation theories have been used to explain the adaptation process of Chinese college students to Korean food. This study examined and compared Korean food adaptation among Chinese college students in Gyeonggido and Daejeon. A total of 141 Chinese college students were surveyed from August 01 to November supported by the Chinese Students Association in Gyeonggido. The results show that the adaptation process of Chinese college students to Korean food was different between Gyeonggido and Daejeon. Chinese college students did not have many opportunities to learn about Korean food and search information about Korean food. The adaptation process of Chinese college students to Korean food was different by residential type and period. The adaptation process of Chinese college students in Gyeonggido to Korean food was composed of three factors: interest-reinvention-adoption, awareness, and evaluation-trial-adoption. Three factors of the adaptation process of Chinese college students in Daejeon to Korean food were awareness-evaluationtrial, adoption-reinvention-trial, and interest.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.68-89
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• 2021

The expansion of irrigated agricultural production can be appropriate for the southeast region in the U.S. as a climate change adaptation strategy. This study investigated the effect of supplemental development of irrigated agriculture on the regional economy by applying the supply side Georgia multiregional input-output (MRIO) model. For the analysis, 100% conversion of non-irrigated cultivable acreage into irrigated acreage for cotton, peanuts, corn, and soybeans in 42 counties of southwest Georgia is assumed. With this assumption, the difference in total net returns of production between the non-irrigation and irrigation method is calculated as input data of the Georgia MRIO model. Based on the information of a 95% confidence interval for each crop's average price, the lower and upper bounds of estimated results are also presented. The total impact of cotton production was $60 million with the range of $35 million to $85 million: The total impact of peanuts, soybeans, corn was $10.2 million (the range of $3.28 million to $23.7 million), $6.6 million (the range of $3.1 million to $10.2 million), $1.2 million (the range of -$6 million to $8.5 million), respectively.